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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普环保类阅读理解选编
(2)xx高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类ScientistsfromChinaSwedenandtheUnitedStatedhavedevelopedahigh-producingricethatcanreducemethaneemission甲烷排放amajorgreenhousegasblamedforglobalwarmingfromricefieldsaccordingtoapaperpublishedonthelatestissueofNature.Byinsertingabarley大麦geneintoriceSunChuanxinandhiscolleaguescreatedSUSIBA2Ricewhichstoresmorestarch淀粉inthesectionofthericeabovegroundaccordingtoapaperpublishedonthelatestissueofNature.Thismeansthegrainswillhavemorestarchwhiletherootwillexudelessnutrientsthatwilllaterbeturnedintomethanebymicrobes微生物inthesoilSunwhoworkswithSwedishUniversityofAgriculturalSciencestoldXinhua.Itsolvestwomajorproblemsmankindfacesatonetime:environmentaldegradationandtheneedforincreasedgrainoutputWangFenganotherscientistsaidaddingthatthericecancutmethanedischargebymorethan90percentduringsummerandmorethanhalfduringautumnasthericedisplaysagreateremissionreductioneffectinhightemperatures.Meanwhilesmall-scaletrialshavealsosuggestedanincreasedoutput:asingleplantofthenewbreedhas300moregrainswithastarchcontent10percenthigher.Wangsaidtheteamisworkingonapplicationsforthericeindifferentareasseasonsandusingdifferentfarmingtechniques.Itsstillfarawayfrommassapplicationbutatleastweseethelightofhope.Human-inducedmethanethoughlessabundantthancarbondioxideintheairisresponsiblefor20percentoftheglobalwarmingeffect.Ricepaddiesarethelargestsinglesourceofmethanelinkedtohumanactivity.AccordingtotheMinistryofAgricultureChinaproduces209milliontonsofriceinxxor28percentoftheworldstotalof734million.【小题1】SUSIBA2Ricewillbeamajorbreakthroughbecause_______.A.ittasteswithabarleyflavorB.itwellbalancesenvironmentalprotectionandgrainsincreaseC.itcontainsmorestarchthantheordinaryriceD.itgivesofflessmethaneinsummerthaninwinter【小题2】WhatcanwelearnfromthetextA.ScientistswillsoongrowthenewriceinlargeareasB.Human-relatedmethanecontributesmosttoglobalwarmingC.ChinamaycontributegreatlytoglobalwarmingreductionD.Ricefieldswillbereducedallovertheworld【小题3】Thepurposeofthiswritingisto________.A.askpeopletocutdownontheirdependenceonriceconsumptionB.drawpeople’sattentiontotheseriousconsequencesofglobalwarmingC.introduceanewkindofgenetically-modifiedriceanditspossiblebenefitsD.indicatehuman-relatedmethanealoneistoblameforglobalwarmingeffectsxx高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类IfyouhadastrangesoundinyourearwhatwouldyoudoOnemaninWaleswhothoughthehadaflyinhisearcalled999theemergencyservicesnumberinBritain.Andsodidawomanwhowasworriedabouthergreenpotatoes.CouldshemakechipswiththemWeretheypoisonousShedidn’thesitateaboutcallingthelocalambulanceservicetoask.Accordingtoarecentreportmorethan31000non-urgentcallsweremadetotheWelshAmbulanceServiceinthelastyear.Inappropriatecallsareaheadacheforhealthprofessionalseverywhere.IntheUSprankcallsto911happenonadailybasis.Manycallersuseappswhichhidetheiridentity.Butthosewhotrytobefunnyshouldn’tbesurprisedifthepolicehavethelastlaugh.OnemanfromColoradowasarrestedformakingmorethan1200prankcallsaccordingtoareportontheUStelevisionstationKOAA—TV.Peoplewhotakethesecallsaretrainedtostaycalmandkeepastraightfacenomatterhowstrangethecallsounds.“There’snowayforustoknowwhetherthecallisrealaccidentaloraprankcall”saidapublicsafetyworkerinterviewedbytheAmericanTVchannel.TheHeadofClinicalServicesattheWelshAmbulanceServiceRichardLeehasawarningforprankcallers.Hesays:“Whenpeoplemisusetheserviceitmeansourprecioustimeisbeingtakenawayfromsomeonewhoreallydoesneedourhelp.”Indeedthesehotlinesaresupposedtohelptheseriouslyillorthosewithalife-threateninginjury.Youneverknowonedaythepersonwhoneedsassistancecouldbeyouorsomeoneinyourfamily.【小题1】HowdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthetextA.Bygivingexamples.B.Bytellingastory.C.Bylistingfigures.D.Bymakingaparison.【小题2】Accordingtothetextprankcallsareusually________.A.meanttobehelpfulB.dealtwithintimeC.thoughthighlyofD.madetoplaytricks【小题3】Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“havethelastlaugh”inParagraph2probablymeanA.winatlast.B.neverfindthem.C.laughatthem.D.knownothing.【小题4】WhatdoestheauthorintendtosuggestinthetextA.Prankcallsareusuallyeasytoidentify.B.Operatorsfeelannoyedbystrangecallers.C.Prankcallsmaycauseseriousresults.D.Prankcallersshouldbepunishedbylaw.阅读下列短文从给的四个选项A、B、C和D中选出最佳选项xx·北京,DMultitaskingPeoplewhomultitaskallthetimemaybetheworstatdoingtwothingsatonceanewresearchsuggests.Thefindingsbasedonperformancesandselfevaluationsbyabout275collegestudentsindicatedthatmanypeoplemultitasknotoutofadesiretoincreaseproductivitybutbecausetheyareeasilydistracted分心andcantfocusononeactivity.And“thosepeopleturnouttobetheworstathandlingdifferentthings,”saidDavidSanbonmatsuapsychologistattheUniversityofUtah.Sanbonmatsuandhiscolleaguesgavethestudentsasetoftestsandaskedthemtoreporthowoftentheymultitaskedhowgoodtheythoughttheywereatitandhowsensationseeking寻求刺激orimpulsive冲动theywere.Theythenevaluatedtheparticipantsmultitaskingabilitywithatrickymentaltaskthatrequiredthestudentstodosimplemathematicalcalculationswhilerememberingasetofletters.Notsurprisinglythescientistssaidmostpeoplethoughttheywerebetterthanaverageatmultitaskingandthosewhothoughttheywerebetteratitweremorelikelytoreportusingacellphonewhiledrivingorviewingmultiplekindsofmediaatonce.Butthosewhofrequentlydealwithmanythingsatthesametimewerefoundtoperformtheworstattheactualmultitaskingtest.Theyalsoweremorelikelytoadmittosensationseekingandimpulsivebehaviorwhichconnectswithhoweasilypeoplegetboredanddistracted.“Peoplemultitasknotbecauseitsgoingtoleadtogreaterproductivitybutbecausetheyredistractibleandtheygetsuckedintothingsthatarenotasimportant,”Sanbonmatsusaid.AdamGazzaleyaresearcherattheUniversityofCaliforniaSanFranciscowhowasnotamemberoftheresearchgroupsaidonelimitationofthestudywasthatitcouldntfindoutwhetherpeoplewhostartoutlessfocusedtendtowardmultitaskingorwhetherpeoplesrecognizingandunderstandingabilitieschangeasaresultofmultitasking.Thefindingsdosuggesthoweverwhythesensationseekerswhomultitaskthemostmayenjoyriskydistracteddriving.“Peoplewhoaremultitaskingaregenerallylesssensitivetoriskysituations,”saidPaulAtchelyanotherresearchernotinthegroup.“Thismaypartlyexplainwhypeoplegoinforthesesituationseventhoughtheyredangerous.”文章大意本文为一篇科普短文,介绍了Sanbonmastu与他的同事们的一项研究结果同时干很多事情的人往往有最糟糕的结果,这是因为这些人干事情不专心,他们不能对潜在的危险作出迅速的反应17.TheresearchledbySanbonmatsuindicatesthatpeoplewhomultitask________.A.seekhighproductivityconstantlyB.preferhandlingdifferentthingswhengettingboredC.aremorefocusedwhendoingmanythingsatatimeD.havethepoorestresultsindoingvariousthingsatthesametime答案D 细节理解题由文章第一句话研究结果Peoplewhomultitaskallthetimemaybetheworstatdoingtwothingsatonce.可知,这样的人在同时干很多事情时往往结果最差,故正确答案为D18.WhenSanbonmatsuandhiscolleaguesconductedtheirresearchthey________.A.assessedthemultitaskingabilityofthestudentsB.evaluatedtheacademicachievementsofthestudentsC.analyzedtheeffectsoftheparticipantstrickymentaltasksD.measuredthechangesofthestudentsunderstandingability答案A 细节理解题文章第二段提到他们让参与的学生干这干那,然后他们“evaluatestheparticipantsmultitaskingabilitywithatrickymentaltask...”可知A项正确19.AccordingtoSanbonmatsupeoplemultitaskbecauseoftheir________.A.limitedpowerincalculationB.interestsindoingthingsdifferentlyC.inabilitytoconcentrateononetaskD.impulsivedesiretotrynewthings答案C 细节理解题由文章第四段Sanbonmastu所说的话“Peoplemultitasknotbecauseitsgoingtoleadtogreaterproductivitybutbecausetheyaredistractibleandtheygetsuckedintothingsthatarenotimportant.”可知distractible意为“不专心的,分心的”,因此正确答案为C20.Fromthelastparagraphwecanlearnthatmultitaskersusually________.A.driveveryskillfullyB.goinfordifficulttasksC.failtoreactquicklytopotentialdangersD.refusetoexplainthereasonsfortheirbehavior答案C 推理判断题文章最后一段提到研究结果表明这些寻找感觉的人sensationseekers指的是他们的感觉不灵敏往往会“multitaskthemost”但是却有“enjoyriskydistractibledriving”的结果,这是因为这些人往往“lesssensitivetoriskysituation”,即对潜在的危险不能迅速作出反应,故C项为正确答案阅读下列短文从给的四个选项A、B、C和D中选出最佳选项xx·北京,AEPPortableHeaterWeallknowthatthecostofheatingourhomeswillcontinuetobeasignificantburdenonthefamilybudget.NowmillionsofpeoplearesavingontheirheatingbillswiththeEPportableheater.WithoveronemillionsatisfiedcustomersaroundtheworldthenewEPheatsbetterandfastersavesmoreonheatingbillsandrunsalmostsilent.TheEPhasnoexposedheatingpartsthatcancauseafire.TheoutsideoftheEPonlygetswarmtothetouchsothatitwillnotburnchildrenorpets.TheEPwillnotreduceoxygenintheroom.Withotherheatersyoullnoticethatyougetsleepywhentheheatesonbecausetheyareburningupoxygen.TheadvancedEPalsoheatstheroomevenly_walltowallandfloortoceiling.Itfortablycoversanareaupto350squarefeet.Otherheatersheatroomsunevenlywithmostoftheheatconcentratedtothecenteroftheroom.Andtheyonlyheatanareaafewfeetaroundtheheater.WiththeEPthetemperaturewillnotvaryinanypartoftheroom.TheEPeswitha3yearwarranty保修anda60daynoquestionsaskedsatisfactionguarantee.Ifyouarenottotallysatisfiedreturnitatourexpenseandyourmoneywillbegivenbacktoyou.Nowwehaveaspecialofferfor10daysduringwhichyoucanenjoyahalfpricediscountandafreedelivery.Ifyouorderafterthatwereservetherighttoeitheracceptorrejectorderrequestsatthediscountedprice.Takeactionrightnow!文章大意本文是一篇说明文,属广告文体,介绍了一种新型的暖风机与其他的暖风机相比较,它的好处,目的是让读者买他们的产品1.WhatismainlydiscussedinParagraph2A.TheheatoftheEP.B.ThesafetyoftheEP.C.TheappearanceoftheEP.D.ThematerialoftheEP.答案B 主旨大意题本题考查考生整体把握、提炼信息、概括总结的能力A项“暖风机的热”;B项“暖风机的安全”;C项“暖风机的外表”;D项“暖风机的材料”由第二段内容可知,这种暖风机不会引起火灾,不会烫伤孩子和宠物,显然是在讲它的安全,故正确答案为B项2.FromthepassagewecanlearnthattheEP________.A.doesntburnupoxygenB.runswithoutanynoiseC.makespeoplegetsleepyD.isunsuitableforchildrenandpets答案A 细节理解题考生根据文章第三段第一句话TheEPwillnotreduceoxygenintheroom可知正确答案为A3.Theunderlinedword“evenly”inParagraph4probablymeans________.A.continuouslyB.separatelyC.quicklyD.equally答案D 词意猜测题由文章第四段可知,此处把EP暖风机与别的相比,这种暖风机能够把墙、门、天花板都能均匀加热,不像其他的暖风机,只加热附近小片区域,因此该词意为“均匀地,平等地”,D项正确4.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.A.persuadepeopletobuytheproductB.advisepeopletosaveonheatingbillsC.reportthenewdevelopmentofportableheatersD.parethefunctionsofdifferentheaterbrands答案A 推理判断题A项“说服人们买产品”;B项“建议人们省加热的钱”;C项“报告暖风机的最新发展”;D项“比较不同品牌的暖风机的性能”根据文章内容可知,本文为广告文体,向大家介绍了一种新型的暖风机,与其他的暖风机相比,它的好处,目的是让读者买他的产品,因此A项正确。