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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解
(1)I科普知识(阅读理解)由xx新课标全国ⅠB改编Thebabyisjustonedayoldandhasnotyetlefthospital.Sheisquietbutalert警觉.Twentycentimetersfromherfaceresearchershaveplacedawhitecardwithtwoblackspotsonit.Shestaresatitcarefully.Aresearcherremovesthecardandreplacesitbyanotherthistimewiththespotsdifferentlyspaced.Asthecardschangefromonetotheotherhergaze凝视startstoloseitsfocus—untilathirdwiththreeblackspotsispresented.Hergazereturns:shelooksatitfortwiceaslongasshedidatthepreviouscard.Canshetellthatthenumbertwoisdifferentfromthreejust24hoursafteringintotheworldOrdonewbornssimplyprefermoretofewerThesameexperimentbutwiththreespotsshownbeforetwoshowsthesamereturnofinterestwhenthenumberofspotschanges.PerhapsitisjustthenewnessWhenslightlyolderbabieswereshowncardswithpicturesofobjectsabakeyanorangeandsoonchangingthenumberofobjectshadaneffectseparatefromchangingtheobjectsthemselves.CoulditbethepatternthattwothingsmakeasopposedtothreeNoagain.Babiespaidmoreattentiontosquaresmovingrandomlyonascreenwhentheirnumberchangedfromtwotothreeorthreetotwo.Theeffectevencrossesbetweensenses.Babieswhowererepeatedlyshowntwospotsbecamemoreexcitedwhentheythenheardthreedrumbeatsthanwhentheyheardjusttwo;likewise同样地whentheresearchersstartedwithdrumbeatsandmovedtospots.
1.TheexperimentdescribedinParagraph1isrelatedtothebaby’s . A.senseofhearingB.senseofsightC.senseoftouchD.senseofsmell
2.Babiesaresensitivetothechangein . A.thesizeofcardsB.thecolourofpicturesC.theshapeofpatternsD.thenumberofobjects
3.Whydidtheresearcherstestthebabieswithdrumbeats A.Toreducethedifficultyoftheexperiment.B.Toseehowbabiesrecognizesounds.C.Tocarrytheirexperimentfurther.D.Tokeepthebabies’interest.
4.Wheredoesthistextprobablyefrom A.Sciencefiction.B.Children’sliterature.C.Anadvertisement.D.Asciencereport.语篇解读:本文为说明文研究人员通过一系列试验检验婴儿对数量变化的敏感程度发现当数量发生变化时婴儿会变得更加兴奋答案及剖析:
1.B 推理判断题根据第一段中的“Shestaresatitcarefully.”和“Hergazereturns”可知该试验主要针对的是婴儿的视觉senseofsight
2.D 细节理解题根据第一段中的“untilathirdwiththreeblackspotsispresented.Hergazereturns:shelooksatitfortwiceaslongasshedidatthepreviouscard.”可知当图片上物体的数量发生变化时婴儿注视图片的时间增加了一倍由此可知婴儿对物体数量的变化非常敏感
3.C 推理判断题根据第二段的内容可知研究者变换了对婴儿的刺激方式是为了更深入地进行研究故选C项
4.D 推理判断题本文介绍了对婴儿进行的试验、试验的经过、结果等因此本文可能来自于一份科学报告故选D项【长难句子分析】当正方形上的数字由两个变成三个或由三个变成两个时婴儿就更多地注意屏幕上任意移动的正方形阅读理解阅读下列短文从给的四个选项A、B、C和D中选出最佳选项【xx·江西临川一中压轴考试】Sincewearesocialbeings,thequalityofourlivesdependsinlargemeasureonourinterpersonalrelationships.Onestrengthofthehumanconditionsisourpossibilitytogiveandreceivesupportfromoneanotherunderstressful有压力的conditions.Socialsupportconsistsoftheexchangeofresourcesamongpeoplebasedontheirinterpersonalties.Thoseofuswithstrongsupportsystemsappearbetterabletodealwithmajorlifechangesanddailyproblems.Peoplewithstrongsocialtieslivelongerandhavebetterhealththanthosewithoutsuchties.Studiesovertypesofillnesses,fromdepressiontoheartdisease,showthatthepresenceofsocialsupporthelpspeopledefendthemselvesagainstillness,andtheabsenceofsuchsupportmakespoorhealthmorelikely.Socialsupportcushionsstressinanumberofways.First,friends,relativesandcoworkersmayletusknowthattheyvalueus.Ourselfrespectisstrengthenedwhenwefeelacceptedbyothersinspiteofourfaultsanddifficulties.Second,otherpeopleoftenprovideuswithinformationalsupport.Theyhelpustodefineandunderstandourproblemsandfindsolutionstothem.Third,wetypicallyfindsocialpanionshipsupportive.Takingpartinfreetimeactivitieswithothershelpsustomeetoursocialneedswhileatthesametimedistracting转移注意力usfromourworriesandtroubles.Finally,otherpeoplemaygiveusinstrumentalsupport—moneyaid,materialresources,andneededservices—thatreducesstressbyhelpingusresolveanddealwithourproblems.1.Interpersonalrelationshipsareimportantbecausetheycan________.A.dealwithlifechangesB.smoothawaydailyproblemsC.makepeoplelivemoreeasilyD.curetypesofillnesses2.Theresearchesshowthatpeople’sphysicalandmentalhealth________.A.hasmuchtodowiththeamountofsupporttheygetfromothersB.liesinthesocialmedicalcaresystemswhichsupportthemC.dependsontheirabilitytodealwithdailyworriesandtroublesD.isrelatedtotheircouragefordealingwithmajorlifechanges.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“cushions”?A.takesplaceof B.makesupofC.lessenstheeffectof D.getsridof4.Helpingasickneighborwithsomerepairworkinsparetimeisanexampleof________.A.instrumentalsupportB.informationalsupportC.socialpanionshipD.thestrengtheningofselfrespect5.WhatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetextA.Effectsofstressfulconditions.B.Kindsofsocialsupport.C.Waystodealwithstress.D.Interpersonalrelationships.语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文文章主要阐述了我们是社会性的动物,所以我们的生活质量很大程度上取决于人际关系1.解析 细节理解题根据第一段中的“todealwithmajorlifechangesanddailyproblems...Studiesovertypesofillnesses”可知,A、B、D三项的内容只是问题的一部分,都比较片面答案 C2.解析 细节理解题researches和studies都是研究的意思,根据第一段的最后一句话中“Studiesovertypesofillnesses,fromdepressiontoheartdisease,showthatthepresenceofsocialsupporthelpspeopledefendthemselvesagainstillness,andtheabsenceofsuchsupportmakespoorhealthmorelikely.”可知A项正确B、C两项在文中没有提及,而D选项只提到了lifechanges,内容太片面答案 A3.解析 词义猜测题根据第一段最后一句“...thepresenceofsocialsupporthelpspeopledefendthemselvesagainst...”可知,画线词所在句子的句意为社会支持以许多方式减轻压力takeplaceof代替;makeupof构成,组成;lessentheeffectof减少影响,免受影响;getridof摆脱,除掉,去掉答案 C4.解析 细节理解题在最后一段中,作者给出了几种不同的support第一种是“friends,relativesandcoworkersmayletusknowthattheyvalueus.”即从朋友、亲戚和同事那获得的支持;第二种是“otherpeopleoftenprovideuswithinformationalsupport.”即别人为我们提供的信息帮助和支持;第三种是“wetypicallyfindsocialpanionshipsupportive.Takingpartinfreetimeactivitieswithothers...”即社会关系或友情中得到的支持或帮助;最后一种是“otherpeoplemaygiveusinstrumentalsupport”即别人给我们提供的实质性支持答案 C5.解析 主旨大意题根据文章第一段中“Sincewearesocialbeings,thequalityofourlivesdependsinlargemeasureonourinterpersonalrelationships.”可知,D项正确答案D阅读理解阅读下列短文从给的四个选项A、B、C和D中选出最佳选项xx·威海高考模拟Adentist’sofficemaynotbeeveryone’sideaofaperfectholidaydestination.ButagrowingnumberofEuropeansaretravellingabroadformedicaltreatmenttosavemoney,ormaybetobineavisittothedoctorwithsomesightseeing,creatingapotentialbutfastgrowingmarketfortraditionaltouroperators.“ItwassimplycheaperformetogotoadentistinHungary,”saida42yearoldphysicaltherapistfromBerlin.HechosetheclinicnearBudapestfromanInternetadvertisement,attractedbyhundredsofeurosinsavingsparedwiththesametreatmentinGermany.Hewashappytofindwhenhegottherethattheclinicwasclean,thestaffqualifiedandtheworkthorough.Peopletravelabroadformedicaltreatmentforvariousreasons it’scheaper,theyfacealongwaitathome,orthetreatmenttheywantisnotavailableintheirowncountry.TheBritishbasedMedicalTouristpanyrefersabout100patientsayeartohospitalsinIndiafortreatments.AndChiefExecutivePremharShahreportsrapidgrowthindemandfromcustomersinAfrica,whereitcanbehardertofindwellequippedmedicalfacilitiesforplexsurgeries.Somepatientswhohaveimmigratedmayprefertoreturntobeclosetotheirfamilieswhentheyundergosurgery.“Peoplewillwanttotaketheopportunitytoseektreatmentinplaceswheretheyhaverelativeswhomightbeabletolookafterthem.I’mseeingthatespeciallywithyoungerpeoplefromeasternEurope,”saidaprofessorattheUniversityofOxford.Forsome,thereistheattractionoffreetreatmentabroad.Britishlawmakershavecalledfortighterchecksonpatientsarrivingfortreatment,outofconcernsthatforeigncitizensaretravellingtoBritaintotakeadvantageofthefreeservice.Theglobalmedicaltourismmarketisbelievedtobeworth$40billionto$60billionandgrowingatabout20percentperyear.1.The42yearoldphysicaltherapistwassatisfiedwith________inHungary.A.thepriceinsteadoftheserviceB.theserviceinsteadofthepriceC.boththepriceandtheserviceD.neitherthepricenortheservice2.HowmanyreasonsarementionedtoexplainwhypeoplegoabroadformedicaltreatmentA.Four. B.Five.C.Six. D.Seven.3.Accordingtothearticle,________formedicaltreatment.A.moreAfricanswanttotravelabroadB.moreEuropeanswanttotraveltoAfricaC.moreBritonswanttotraveltoIndiaD.noonewouldetoGreatBritain4.YoungpeoplefromeasternEuropereturntotheirmothercountriesforsurgeryinorderto________.A.getcheapermedicalserviceB.belookedafterbyrelativesC.havebettermedicaltreatmentD.enjoyfreemedicaltreatment5.WhatdoesthearticlemainlytalkaboutA.Overseassightseeing. B.Hospitaltreatment.C.Medicaltourism. D.Travelers’healthproblems.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文文章对发展潜力巨大的“医疗旅游业medicaltourism”进行了简要介绍1.解析 细节理解题根据第二段内容特别是第二段第一句“Itwassimplycheaperforme...inHungary”和最后一句“Hewashappy...theclinicwasclean,thestaffqualifiedandtheworkthrough.”可知,他对匈牙利医院的收费和服务都相当满意答案 C2.解析 细节理解题根据第二至五段内容可知,吸引人们去国外就医涉及以下五方面的原因收费低,甚至免费、医疗设施健全、医生资质高、等候时间短、环境干净答案 B3.解析 推理判断题根据第三段最后一句“...inAfrica,whereitcanbehardertofindwellequippedmedicalfacilitiesforplexsurgeries.”可知,在非洲很难找到做复杂手术的精良设备因此推知,将会有更多的人去国外就医答案 A4.解析 细节理解题根据第四段第
一、二句“Somepatients...prefertoreturntobeclosetotheirfamilies...beabletolookafterthem.”可知,答案选B答案 B5.解析 主旨大意题通读全文可知,本文就“医疗旅游”进行了介绍说明答案 C。