还剩6页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解
(2)I科普知识(阅读理解)由xx山东C改编Youcan’talwayspredictaheavyrainorrememberyourumbrella.ButdesignerMikhailBelyaevdoesn’tthinkthatforgettingtochecktheweatherforecastbeforeheadingoutshouldresultinyougettingwet.That’swhyhecreatedLampbrellaalamppostwithitsownrain—sensingumbrella.ThedesignersayshecameupwiththeideaafterwatchingpeoplegetwetonstreetsinRussia.“OnceIwasdrivingonacentralSaintPetersburgstreetandsawthestreetlampslightinguppeopletryingtohidefromtherain.Ithoughtitwouldbeappropriatetohaveacanopy伞篷builtintoastreetlamp.”hesaid.TheLampbrellaisastandard-lookingstreetlampfittedwithanumbrellacanopy.Ithasabuilt-inelectricmotorwhichcanopenorclosetheumbrellaondemand.Sensors传感器thenensurethattheumbrellaofferspedestriansshelterwheneveritstartsraining.Inadditiontotherainsensorthere’salsoa360°motionsensoronthefiberglassstreetlampwhichdetectswhetheranyoneisusingtheLampbrella.Afterthreeminutesofnotbeingusedthecanopyisclosed.AccordingtothedesignertheLampbrellawouldmoveatarelativelylowspeedsoasnottocauseharmtothepedestrians.Besidesitwouldbegroundedtoprotectfrompossiblelightningstrike.EachLampbrellawouldofferenoughshelterforseveralpeople.Beinginstalled安装at2metresoffthegrounditwouldonlybeadangerforthetallestofpedestrians.WhiletherearenoplanstotaketheLampbrellaintoproductionBelyaevsaysherecentlyintroducedhiscreationtooneMoscowDepartmentandinsistshiscreationcouldbeinstalledonanystreetwherealotofpeoplewalkbuttherearenocanopiestoprovideshelter.
1.ForwhatpurposedidBelyaevcreatetheLampbrella A.Topredictaheavyrain.B.Tochecktheweatherforecast.C.Toprotectpeoplefromtherain.D.Toremindpeopletotakeanumbrella.
2.WhatdoweknowfromBelyaev’swordsinParagraph2 A.Hiscreationwasinspiredbyanexperience.B.ItrainsalotinthecityofSaintPetersburg.C.Streetlampsareprotectedbycanopies.D.Heenjoyedtakingwalksintherain.
3.WhichofthefollowingshowshowtheLampbrellaworks A.motor→canopy→sensorsB.sensors→motor→canopyC.motor→sensors→canopyD.canopy→motor→sensors
4.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytellusabouttheLampbrella A.Itsmovingspeed.B.Itsappearance.C.Itsinstallation.D.Itssafety.
5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph A.Thedesignerwillopenapanytopromotehisproduct.B.TheLampbrellacouldbeputintoimmediateproduction.C.Thedesignerisconfidentthathiscreationispractical.D.TheLampbrellawouldbeputonshowinMoscow.语篇解读:一次雨天的所见所闻激发了Belyaev的灵感他发明了一种用传感器控制的灯伞使行人免遭雨淋答案及剖析:
1.C 细节理解题根据第一段的最后两句可知他发明这种灯伞的目的是让行人免遭雨淋
2.A 推理判断题根据第二段的内容可知Belyaev讲述了他发明灯伞的过程是在圣彼得堡的一次下雨时的见闻激发了他的灵感故A项正确
3.B 细节理解题根据文章的第三段内容可知传感器可以感知雨水的降落然后灯伞里的电动马达就会根据需要把伞打开或者关闭由此可知其顺序为:传感器——马达——伞篷
4.D 推理判断题第五段中提到几个关键词语:低速行驶;不会对行人造成伤害使行人免遭雷击;离地面两米这些都是安全方面的问题故D项正确
5.C 推理判断题根据最后一段中的“Belyaevsays...insistshiscreationcouldbeinstalledonanystreetwherealotofpeoplewalk...”可知他认为自己的发明可以被安装在任何有许多行人的街道上这表明他对他的发明的实用性充满信心【疑难词汇解读】
1.sheltern.庇护遮蔽;庇护所;避难处Anoldhutgaveshelterfromthestorm.一间旧茅舍成了躲避风雨的地方
2.installvt.安装设置装备They’veinstalledthenewputernetworkatlast.他们终于安装了新计算机网络【长难句子分析】and虽然没有把灯伞投入生产的计划但Belyaev说他最近把他的发明介绍给了一个莫斯科的部门并坚持说他的发明可以被安装在任何有许多行人但是没有伞篷可以避雨的街上阅读理解阅读下列短文从给的四个选项A、B、C和D中选出最佳选项xx·江西八校联考TheforcesthatmakeJapanoneoftheworld’smostearthquakeprone有地震倾向的countriescouldbeepartofitslongtermenergysolution.WaterfromdeepbelowthegroundatJapan’stensofthousandsofhotspringscouldbeusedtoproduceelectricity.AlthoughJapanesehightechpaniesareleadersingeothermal地热的technologyandexportit,itsuseislimitedinthenation.“Japanshouldnodoubtmakeuseofitsresourcesofgeothermalenergy,”saidYoshiyasuTakefuji,aleadingresearcherofthermalelectricpowerproduction.ThedisastrousearthquakeandtsunamionMarch11xxcausedareactionagainstatomicpower,whichpreviouslymadeup30percentofJapan’senergyneeds,andincreasedinterestinalternativeenergies,whichaccountedforonly8percent.ArtistYokoOnohascalledonJapantoexploreitsnaturalenergy,followingtheexampleofIcelandwhichusesrenewableenergyformorethan80percentofitsneeds.Fornow,geothermalenergymakesuplessthan1percentoftheenergyneedsinJapan,whichhasfordecadesreliedheavilyonfossilfuelsandatomicpower.Thebiggestproblemtogeothermalenergyisthehighinitialcostoftheexplorationandconstructingthefactories.AnotherproblemisthatJapan’spotentiallybestsitesarealreadybeingdevelopedfortourismorarelocatedwithinnationalparkswhereconstructionisforbidden.“Wecan’tevendig10cminsidenationalparks.”saidShigetoYamadaofFujiElectric,addingthatregulationsprotectingnaturewouldneedtoberelaxedforgeothermalenergytogrow.ResearcherHideakiMatsuisaid,“Producingelectricityusinghotspringsisadecadeslongproject.Wealsohavetothinkaboutwhattodofornowasenergysupplieswilldeclineintheshortterm.”TheEarthPolicyInstituteinWashington,US,believedJapancouldproduce80000megawatts兆瓦andmeetmorethanhalfitselectricityneedswithgeothermaltechnology.JapanesegiantssuchasToshibaarealreadygloballeadersingeothermaltechnology,witha70percentmarketshare.Inxx,FujiElectricbuilttheworld’slargestgeothermalfactoryinNewZealand.1.WhatwouldbethebesttitleforthetextA.AlternativeenergiesinJapanB.World’slargestgeothermalplantC.JapantakestheleadingeothermaltechnologyD.Japanthinksofgeothermalenergy2.WhatpercentageofJapan’senergyneedsisgeothermalenergyA.About8%. B.Below1%.C.Around30%. D.Over80%.3.AccordingtoShigetoYamada,thegrowthofgeothermalpowerinJapanneeds________.A.achangeofrules B.financialsupportC.localpeople’shelp D.hightechnology4.Geothermalenergyisconsideredasalongtermprogramby________.A.YoshiyasuTakefuji B.HideakiMatsuiC.ShigetoYamada D.YokoOno5.Itcanbelearnedfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat________.A.theworld’sbiggestgeothermalplantwasbuiltbyAmericaB.JapanwillnotexportitsgeothermaltechnologyC.thepotentialofJapan’sgeothermalenergyisgreatD.itishardtofindgeothermalenergyinJapan语篇解读 本文为一篇科普说明文让日本经常地震的一些自然力有可能会被转化成日本长期可持续利用的清洁能源,即地热本文对其进行了详细介绍1.解析 标题概括题根据文章第三段的导入和倒数第三段最后一句“Wealsohavetothinkaboutwhattodofornowasenergysupplieswilldeclineintheshortterm”,以及对全文的整体理解可知,本文主要讲的“日本正在考虑如何使用地热”的问题,所以D项最适合做文章的标题答案 D2.解析 细节理解题根据文章第七段“Fornow,geothermalenergymakesuplessthan1percentoftheenergyneedsinJapan...”可知,答案B符合文意答案 B3.解析 推理判断题根据文章倒数第四段中的“addingthatregulationsprotectingnaturewouldneedtoberelaxedforgeothermalenergytogrow”可推知,答案A符合文意答案 A4.解析 细节理解题根据文章倒数第三段“ResearcherHideakiMatsuisaid,Producingelectricityusinghotspringsisadecadeslongproject...”可知,答案B符合文意答案 B5.解析 推理判断题根据对文章最后两段的整体理解可知,日本的地热能源潜力巨大答案 C阅读理解阅读下列短文从给的四个选项A、B、C和D中选出最佳选项xx·泰安复习质量检测UniversityofMarylandstudentBenSimonandhisfriendscouldn’tstandtoseegoodfoodthrownoutontheircampus.“Webasicallynoticedthatsomeoftheextrafoodfromthedininghallwasgoingtowasteattheendoftheday.Andwemetwiththediningservicesandaskedthemwhetheritwouldbeokayifinsteadofthrowingoutthefoodwewoulddonateit.Andtheywereonboard,”hesaid.So18monthsago,thestudentsbeganwhattheycalltheFoodRecoveryNetwork.Eachnight,volunteerswouldshowupatacampusdininghalltopickupleftoversanddeliverthemtoareasheltersandfoodbanks.Sofar,theyhavedonatedmorethan23000kilosoffoodthatwouldotherwisehavebeenthrownout.Nationwide,$165billionworthoffoodiswastedeachyear,accordingtotheNationalResourcesDefenseCouncil.SpokesmanBobKeefesaysthatisabout40%ofthecountry’sentirefoodproduction.“Ifwecanreduceourwasteinthiscountryby15%,wecanfeed25millionhungryAmericans.Thatisahugebenefit.ThatiswhatprogramslikethisFoodRecoveryNetworkaredoing,”hesaid.ChristianLifeCenterisoneofthebeneficiaries受益者ofthestudents’efforts.BenSlye,theseniorpastor牧师,said,“Ithasbeenjustamazingtoseethesestudentstaketheirowntime,theirownvehiclesandowngasmoneyandbeabletomakeaneffortlikethis.Eachweekweareablewiththisfoodprobablytofeedoverhundredpeople.”TheUniversityofMaryland’sFoodRecoveryNetworknowhas200volunteersandtheprogramhasexpandedto18schoolsacrossthecountry.“Iwanttogrow18chapterstoathousandchapterswithinfiveyears.AndoncewegettotheFoodRecoveryNationbeingateverycollegecampusinAmerica,wewanttoexpandtorestaurantsandfarms.”saidSimon.Thevolunteersaremittedtomakingthathappen.1.ThediningservicesinUniversityofMaryland________.A.threwoutgoodfoodonthecampusB.supportedthevolunteers’jobC.enjoyedthetalkwiththestudentsD.donatedtheirleftoverstothepoor2.VolunteersfromtheFoodRecoveryNetwork________.A.startedtheFoodRecoveryNetworktwoyearsagoB.deliveredleftoversaswellasmoneytosheltersC.helpedtosolvethehungerissuesinAmericaD.donatedleftoverstoavoidfoodwaste3.BenSlye’sattitudetowardthevolunteers’effortwasthatof________.A.unconcern B.doubtC.appreciation D.opposition4.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat________.A.over40%ofthecountry’sentirefoodiswastedeachyearB.altogether25millionAmericanssufferfromhungernowadaysC.SimonaimstoexpandtheprogramtorestaurantsandfarmsD.everycollegehasstartedtheFoodRecoveryNetwork5.WhatcanbethebesttitleforthetextA.CollegeStudentsRescueLeftoverFoodB.BattlesAgainsttheProblemofHungerC.HowtoPickupLeftoversonCollegeCampusesD.WasteProblemsinUniversityofMaryland语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道每天都有人在浪费粮食,如果把这些粮食收集起来,供给那些需要的人,那将会帮助很多饥饿的人们美国一所大学的学生们正在做这样的事情他们建立了“食物回收网络”,收集学校餐厅里的残羹剩饭,将其送到有需要的地方1.解析 细节理解题根据文章第一段最后一句中的“Andtheywereonboard”可知,学校的餐饮服务部参与其中此处onboard为短语“takesth.onboard”的简写,意为“采纳,接纳主意、建议”答案 B2.解析 推理判断题根据对文章第二段的整体理解可知,志愿者们到学校餐厅去收集剩菜,然后把它们运到收容所等,以避免浪费答案 D3.解析 观点态度题根据文章第四段第二句“BenSlye,theseniorpastor牧师,said,‘Ithasbeenjustamazingtoseethesestudentstaketheirowntime,theirownvehiclesandowngasmoneyandbeabletomakeaneffortlikethis.’”可知,BenSlye对志愿者们的努力是持“支持,赞许,欣赏”的态度答案 C4.解析 细节理解题根据文章倒数第二段最后一句中的“AndoncewegettotheFoodRecoveryNationbeingateverycollegecampusinAmerica,wewanttoexpandtorestaurantsandfarms”可知,答案C符合文意答案 C5.解析 标题概括题根据文章第一段的开篇点题和对文章的整体理解可知,本文主要介绍了美国大学生建立组织,收集学校餐厅里的剩饭,身体力行把它们运到收容所的事由此可知,答案A最适合做文章的标题答案 A.。