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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解
(3)II科普知识(阅读理解)由xx四川E改编Plantsarefloweringfasterthanscientistspredicted预测inreactiontoclimatechangewhichcouldhavelongdamagingeffectsonfoodchainsandecosystems.Globalwarmingishavingagreateffectonhundredsofplantandanimalspeciesaroundtheworldchangingsomelivingpatternsscientistssay.IncreasedcarbondioxideCO2intheairfromburningcoalandoilcanhaveaneffectonhowplantsproduceoxygenwhilehighertemperaturesandchangeablerainfallpatternscanchangetheirpatternsofgrowth.“Predictingspecies’reactiontoclimatechangeisamajorchallengeinecology”saidtheresearchersofseveralU.S.universities.Theysaidplantshadbeenthekeyobjectofstudybecausetheirreactiontoclimatechangecouldhaveaneffectonfoodchainsandecosystemservices.ThestudypublishedontheNaturewebsiteusesthefindingsfromplantlifecyclestudiesandexperimentsacrossfourcontinentsand1634species.Itfoundthatsomeexperimentshadunderestimated低估thespeedoffloweringby
8.5timesandleafingby4times.“Acrossallspeciestheexperimentsunder-predictedthespeedoftheadvance—forbothleafingandflowering—thatresultsfromtemperatureincreases”thestudysaid.Thedesignoffutureexperimentsmayneedtobeimprovedtobetterpredicthowplantswillreacttoclimatechangeitsaid.PlantsarenecessaryforlifeontheEarth.Theyarethebaseofthefoodchainusingphotosynthesis光合作用toproducesugarfromcarbondioxideandwater.Theyletoutoxygenwhichisneededbynearlyeveryorganismontheplanet.Scientistsbelievetheworld’saveragetemperaturehasrisenbyabout
0.8℃since1900andnearly
0.2℃everytenyearssince
1979.Sofareffortstocutemissions排放ofplanet-warminggreenhousegasesarenotseenasenoughtopreventtheEarthheatingupbeyond2℃thiscentury—apointscientistssaywillbringthedangerofachangeableclimateinwhichweatherextremesaremonleadingtodroughtfloodscropfailuresandrisingsealevels.
1.WhatisthekeyinformationtheauthorwantstogiveinParagraph1 A.Plants’reactiontoweathercouldhavedamagingeffectsonecosystems.B.Theincreasingspeedoffloweringisbeyondscientists’expectation.C.Climatechangeleadstothechangeoffoodproductionpatterns.D.Foodchainshavebeenseriouslydamagedbecauseofweather.
2.WecanlearnfromthestudypublishedontheNaturewebsitethat . A.plants’floweringis
8.5timesfasterthanleafingB.thereare1634plantspeciesonthefourcontinentsC.scientistsshouldimprovethedesignoftheexperimentsD.theexperimentsfailedtopredicthowplantsreacttoclimatechange
3.Scientistspayspecialattentiontothestudyofplantsbecause . A.theycanprovetheclimatechangeclearlyB.theyareveryimportantinthefoodchainsC.theyplayaleadingroleinreducingglobalwarmingD.theyaregrowingandfloweringmuchfasterthanbefore
4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsabouttheworld’stemperature A.Ithasrisennearly
0.2℃since
1979.B.Itschangewillleadtoweatherextremes.C.Itis
0.8℃higherin1979thanthatof
1900.D.Itneedstobecontrolledwithin2℃inthiscentury. 语篇解读:本文为说明文题材为科普知识类温室效应已经影响了植物的生长类型由于植物在食物链和生态系统中有着重要影响科学家们正致力于研究其生长变化答案及剖析:
1.B 主旨大意题根据第一段Plantsarefloweringfasterthanscientistspredicted预测inreactiontoclimatechange...可知本题应选择B项
2.C 事实细节题根据文章第五段最后一句话Itfoundthatsomeexperimentshadunderestimated低估thespeedofflowering...以及第七段Thedesignoffutureexperimentsmayneedtobeimprovedtobetterpredict...可知本题应选择C项
3.B 事实细节题文章第四段最后一句Theysaidplantshadbeenthekeyobjectofstudybecausetheirreactiontoclimatechangecouldhaveaneffectonfoodchains...由此可知本题选择B项
4.D 推理判断题根据文章最后一段...beyond2℃thiscentury-apointscientistssaywillbringthedangerofachangeableclimate...leadingtodroughtfloods...可知必须将上升温度控制在2℃以内才可能不会出现危险状况故选择D项【长难句子分析】—到目前为止为减少导致全球变暖的温室气体排放的努力还不足以阻止地球在本世纪气温上升不超出2℃——科学家认为这个数据会带来气候变化的危险在这样的气候变化中极端天气会经常发生会导致干旱、洪涝、庄稼歉收和海平面上升.阅读理解阅读下列短文从给的四个选项A、B、C和D中选出最佳选项【xx·山东省潍坊市五校联合高三下学期期中考试】Attimesmymomhasbeenunfortableseeingthesequalitiesinme.Forexample,whenIwas12,IwenttoPuertoRicoallbymyselftostaywithmygrandmotherforthesummer.Mymomwasextremelynervousaboutit.ShekepttellingmehowthingsweredifferentinPuertoRico,toalwaysputonsunscreen,nottowanderawayfrommygrandmother,andotherwarnings.Shehelpedmepackanddidnotleavetheairportuntilshesawmyplanetakeoff.Butdespiteherworries,sheletmegoonmyown.AsImovedintomyteens,shecontinuedtogivemespacetogrowandlearn,evenwhenitmighthavebeendifficultforher.WhenIreachedmysenioryear,Idecidedtomoveawayforcollege.OnceagainIfoundthatIdifferedfrommypeers Whilemanyofthemwantedtostayclosetohome,Icouldn’twaittobeoutintheworldonmyown.Whilemymommaynothavebeenhappyatthethoughtofmygoingaway,shewassupportiveandexcitedforme.OnebigthingIrealizedduringmysenioryear,asmymomgrantedmemorefreedom,wasthatsheactuallybelievesinmeandtrustsme.Thatmeansalot.Mostofmylife,andespeciallywhenIwaslittle,themainpersonItriedtoimpressinmyschoolworkorotherthingswasmymother.Iknewsheexpectednothingbutthebestfromme.Sometimesitwashardtoliveuptoherstandards;gettingasingleBonmyreportcardwouldmakemefeelbadbecauseIknewshewantedmetohaveallA’s.Iknowthatherhighstandardshavehelpedmestayfocusedonwhat’simportant,likeeducation,andmademewhoIam.Iamthankfulforhersupportandinvolvementinmylife.MostofallIrespecther.SheisthestrongestwomanIknowandthat’swhyIhaveturnedoutsostrongandindependent.1.WhentheauthordecidedtogotoPuertoRico,hismother________.A.wantedtogowithhimB.worriedabouthissafetyC.didn’tallowhimtodosoD.askedhisgrandmotherforadvice2.Theauthordecidedtomoveawayforcollegeto________.A.bedifferentfromhispeersB.keepawayfromhismotherC.beindependentintheoutsideworldD.makehismotherunhappy3.Wecanlearnfromthethirdparagraphthattheauthor’smother________.A.hadahighexpectationofhimB.wastoostrictwithhimC.usedtoexpectnothingfromhimD.caredlittleabouthislearning4.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthor________.A.isquitegratefulforhismother’strustB.stilldoesn’tquiteunderstandhismother’sattitudeC.doesn’tlikehismother’sinvolvementinhislifeD.wishestohavemorefreedomfromhismother5.Inthepassage,theauthormainlywantstotellus________.A.hislongwaytobeingindependentB.hisgoodrelationshipwithhismotherC.theimportanceofamother’strustandsupportD.hismother’sdeeploveforhim语篇解读 作者做每一次决定时,母亲都会给予信任和支持,使作者最终变得强大、独立1.解析 考查细节理解从文章第一段母亲的诸多叮嘱和警告可知,母亲为作者的安全担心答案 B2.解析 考查细节理解从文章第二段倒数第二句中的“Icouldn’twaittobeoutintheworldonmyown”可知,作者是想在外独立答案 C3.解析 考查细节理解从文章第三段中的“Iknewsheexpectednothingbutthebestfromme.”可知,母亲对作者期望很高答案 A4.解析 考查推理判断从文章最后一段最后三句话可知,作者对母亲给予自己的信任十分感激答案 A5.解析 考查推理判断综合全文可知,母亲的信任和支持使作者能够独立而强大,因此可知,本文的主要目的是说明母亲对孩子信任和支持的重要性答案C阅读理解阅读下列短文从给的四个选项A、B、C和D中选出最佳选项【xx·山东省泰安市高三第一轮复习质量检测】MorethanoneinfourchildrenaliveinBritaintodaywillcelebratetheir100thbirthday,officialfiguresshowed.Thespecialfiguresshowahugesocialchange,withtoday’schildrenlikelytosurvivefarlongerthantheirparentsorgrandparents.Ofthe
12.4millionchildrenaged16andunder
3.3million27%willbeesomeonewhoisahundredyearsoldorolder.Inaclassof30children,eightcanlivetobe
100.Andtherestofthechildrenarelikelytogettoanoldage,eventhoughtheywillnotmakeittothreefigures.Expertswarnedthatchildrenmayliveto100,butthattheywillnotgettheirstatepensionuntiltheyare70orbeyond.Thestatepensionageisrisingto66forbothmenandwomenby2020,andtheGovernmenthaswarneditwillcontinuetorise.LaithKhalaf,apensionexpert,said,“Livingtoanoldageisluckyifyoucanaffordit,butanuisanceifyoucan’t.Thosewithoutenoughsavingswillbedependingonthestatepensionwhichwillbechanged.”Italsoincreasesthepossibilityofmillionsofpeoplesurvivinguntiltheir100thbirthdaywithapoorqualityoflifebecauseofpoorhealthandlittlemoney.Millionsofolderpeoplehavenopensions,nosavingsandnoplansabouthowtheyaregoingtopayfortheirretirementotherthantocarryonworking.Iftheolderpopulationdemandsmoreresources,thentheyhavetoefromtheirownwealthorthegovernment.Laithsaid,“Millionsofpeoplewillbespendingoverathirdoftheirlivesinretirement.Itishightimethatwereformedthestatepensionsystem.Wewanttomakeitfairforfuturegeneration.”1.Fromthefirstparagraphwecanlearnthat________.A.today’schildrenprobablylivelongerthantheirparentsB.fewofBritishchildrenareexpectedtolivetoanoldageC.morethan30%ofchildrenaged16canlivetobe100D.20%ofBritishchildrenwillcelebratetheir100thbirthday2.Theunderlinedword“nuisance”inParagraph2probablymeans________.A.somebodywhoisdisabledB.somebodywhoisdishonestC.somethingthatcausestroubleD.somethingthatisincorrect3.Whatkindoflifewillpeoplelivingto100probablyfaceA.Ahighqualityoflifebecauseofthedevelopmentoftechnology.B.Alowqualityoflifebecauseofbadhealthandlimitedmoney.C.Ahighqualityoflifebecauseoftheincreaseinfoodprice.D.Alowqualityoflifebecauseofthepresentgovernment.4.WhyshouldthegovernmentatpresentreformthestatepensionsystemA.Thepresentpensionsystemisn’tquiteuseful.B.Peoplenowadaysdon’tneedthepensionatall.C.Moreandmorepeopleaskthegovernmenttodoso.D.Thepresentpensionsystemisunfairforfuturegeneration.5.WhatcanbeinferredfromthetextA.Theretirementagewillberaisedto70orbeyond.B.Thegovernmentwillprovidejobchancesfortheretired.C.Thestatepensionageformenisdifferentfromthatforwomen.D.Itwillincreasethegovernment’spressureifmorechildrenliveto
100.语篇解读 官方数据表明,现在的英国儿童会比他们的长辈活得更久令人担心的是,这将会给政府带来巨大的养老负担1.解析 考查细节理解根据文章第一段的第二句“Thespecialfiguresshowahugesocialchange,withtoday’schildrenlikelytosurvivefarlongerthantheirparentsorgrandparents.”可知,现在的英国儿童可能会比他们的长辈活得更久,故选A答案 A2.解析 考查词义猜测根据上下文可知,画线词所在句表示“如果你能够承担养老的费用,长寿是一种幸运,但如果承担不起,那就会是一种麻烦”,故nuisance=somethingthatcausestrouble,答案为C答案 C3.解析 考查细节理解根据第三段第一句“Italsoincreasesthepossibilityofmillionsofpeoplesurvivinguntiltheir100thbirthdaywithapoorqualityoflifebecauseofpoorhealthandlittlemoney.”可知,活到100岁的人可能会面临因身体差、资金有限而造成生活质量降低的问题,即B项正确答案 B4.解析 考查细节理解根据第四段的最后一句“Wewanttomakeitfairforfuturegeneration.”可知,目前的养老金制度对于后代来说是不公平的,因此政府要改革养老金制度,故D项正确答案 D5.解析 考查推理判断根据第三段的最后一句“Iftheolderpopulationdemandsmoreresources,thentheyhavetoefromtheirownwealthorthegovernment.”可知答案答案 D.。