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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习说理议论阅读理解基础练习
(5)说理议论(阅读理解)由xx重庆E改编Arecentstudywhileshowingagenerallypositiveattitudetowardsciencealsosuggestsawidespreadworrythatitmaybe“runningoutofcontrol”.Thisideaisdangerous.Sciencecanbeaforceforevilaswellasforgood.Itsapplicationscanbechanneledeitherwaydependingonourdecisions.Thedecisionswemakepersonallyorcollectivelywilldeterminetheoutesofscience.Buthereisarealdanger.Scienceisadvancingsofastandissostronglyinfluencedbybusinessesthatwearelikelytobelievewhateverdecisionsweetowillmakelittledifference.Andratherthanfightingforthebestpossiblepolicieswemaystepbackanddonothing.Somepeoplegoevenfurther.Theysaythatdespitethemoralandlegalobjections反对whateverisscientificallypossiblewillbedone—somewheresometime.Theybelievethatsciencewillgetoutofcontrolintheend.Thisbeliefisdangeroustoobecauseitfuelsasenseofhopelessnessanddiscouragesthemfrommakingeffortstobuildasaferworld.Inourinterconnectedworldthelackofagreementinandoutoftheworldofsciencecanleadtothefailuretocontroltheuseofscience.Withoutamonunderstandingthechallengesof“controlling”scienceinthiscenturywillbereallytough.Takehumancloningforexample.Despitethegeneralagreementamongscientistsonitspossiblehugeimpact影响ontraditionalmoralvaluessomecountriesstillgoaheadwiththeresearchanddevelopmentofitsrelatedtechniques.Theoutesarehardtopredict.Thereforediscussionsonhowscienceisappliedshouldbeextendedfarbeyondscientificsocieties.Onlythroughtheunitedeffortsofpeoplewithhopecanwebefullysafeagainstthemisuseofscienceandcansciencebestservemankindinthefuture.
1.Whatcanweconcludefromtherecentstudy A.Peoplethinkhighlyofscience.B.Peopleholdmixedopinionsaboutscience.C.Scienceisgettingdangerouslyoutofcontrol.D.Scienceisusedforbothgoodandbadpurposes.
2.Accordingtothepassagewhatwillhappenifweholdthatscienceisgettingbeyondcontrol A.Thedevelopmentofsciencewillhopelesslyslowdown.B.Businesseswillhaveevengreaterinfluenceonscience.C.Thepublicwilllosefaithinbringingaboutabrightfuture.D.Peoplewillworkmoreactivelytoputscienceundercontrol.
3.Thediscussionshouldreachbeyondscientificsocietiesbecause . A.scientistshavefailedtopredicttheoutesB.thetiesbetweendifferentareasneedstrengtheningC.unitedeffortsarenecessaryforthedevelopmentofscienceD.peopleneedtoworktogethertopreventthebaduseofscience
4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage A.Scienceanditsapplicationsbringusmanydangers.B.Thedevelopmentofsciencemostlyliesinpeople’sattitudes.C.Mankindcanlargelytakecontrolofsciencewiththeirefforts.D.Thefutureofsciencewillbeinfluencedbythedangerousideas.语篇解读:一次最近的调查表明了人们对于科学及其如何运用于人类世界的不同态度尽管大多数人都持积极的态度但有人认为科学发展及其应用最终可能危害人类只有通过大家的努力才能让科学更好地服务于人类答案及剖析:
1.B 推理判断题文章第一段已点明了全文的主要内容:尽管人们对科学一般都是积极的态度但最近调查表明还存在着广泛的担忧
2.C 事实细节题从文章第三段最后两句可知答案为C
3.D 推理判断题文章最后一段最后一句句意:只有通过充满希望的人们团结努力我们才能安全地与错误地使用科学的现象作斗争将来才能让科学更好地服务于人类
4.B 主旨大意题文章第一段表明了全文的主要内容【长难句子分析】and科学进步如此之快受商业影响如此之深让我们有可能认为我们无论做出何种决定都没有什么作用本句是so...that的句式结构that引导的结果状语从句中含有whatever引导的宾语从句阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中,选出最佳选项Doyouwanttolivewithastrongsenseofpeacefulnesshappinessgoodnessandself-respectThecollectionofhappinessactionsbroadlycategorized把…归类ashonorhelpyoucreatethislifeofgoodfeelings.Heresanexampletoshowhowhonorableactionscreatehappiness.Sayastoreclerkfailstochargeusforanitem.Ifwekeepsilentandprofitfromtheclerksmistakewewoulddrivehomewithasenseofsneaky卑鄙的excitement.Laterwemighttellourfamilyorfriendsaboutourgoodfortune.Ontheotherhandifwetelltheclerkabouttheunchargeditemtheclerkwouldbegratefulandthankusforourhonesty.Wewouldleavethestorewithaquietsenseofhonorthatwemightneversharewithanothersoul.ThenwhatisittodowithoursenseofhappinessInthefirstcasewherewedonttelltheclerkacoupleofthingswouldhappen.Deepdowninsidewewouldknowourselvesasatypeofthief.Intheprocesswewouldlosesomepeaceofmindandself-respect.Wewouldalsodemonstrate演示thatwecannotbetrustedsinceweadvertiseourdishonorbytellingourfamilyandfriends.Wedamageourownreputationsbytellingothers.Incontrastbringingtheerrortotheclerksattentioncausesdifferentthingstohappen.Immediatelytheclerkknowsustobehonorable.Uponleavingthestorewefeelhonorableandourself-respectisincreased.Wheneverwetakehonorableactionwegainthedeepinternalrewardsofgoodnessandasenseofnobility.Thereisabeautifulpositivecyclethatiscreatedbylivingalifeofhonorableactions.Honorablethoughtsleadtohonorableactions.Honorableactionsleadustoahappierexistence.Anditseasytothinkandacthonorablyagainwhenwerehappy.Whilethepositivecyclecanbedifficulttostartonceitsstarteditseasytocontinue.Keepingondoinggooddeedsbringsuspeaceofmindwhichisimportantforourhappiness.
1.Accordingtothepassagethepositiveactionintheexamplecontributestoour_______.A.self-respectB.financialrewardsC.advertisingabilityD.friendlyrelationship
2.Theauthorthinksthatkeepingsilentabouttheunchargeditemisequalto_______.A.lyingB.stealingC.cheatingD.advertising
3.Theunderlinedphrasebringingtheerrortotheclerksattentionmeans_______.A.tellingthetruthtotheclerkB.offeringadvicetotheclerkC.askingtheclerktobemoreattentiveD.remindingtheclerkofthechargeditem
4.HowwillwefeelifwelettheclerkknowhermistakeA.Wellbeveryexcited.B.Wellfeelunfortunate.C.Wellhaveasenseofhonor.D.Wellfeelsorryfortheclerk.5WhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassageA.HowtoLiveTruthfullyB.ImportanceofPeacefulnessC.WaysofGainingSelf-respectD.HappinessthroughHonorableActions【参考答案】1—
5、ABACD阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中,选出最佳选项ProbablyyouhaveseenphotosoftheGrandCanyon(峡谷)thegreatvalleyinthedesertcountryofArizona.Butyoumustgothereyourselftofeelitstruesizeandbeauty.TheGrandCanyonisoneofthegreatestnaturalwondersoftheworldTheColoradoRiverformedtheGrandCanyonovermillionsofyears.Slowlytherivercutdownthroughhardrock.Atthesametimethelandwasrising.Todaythecanyonis
1.5kilometersand445kilometerslong.Theoldestrocksatthebottomofthecanyonaremorethan1billionyearsold.Thewidthvariesfromabout200metersto29kilometersacross.Therimortopofthecanyonisabout2300metersabovesealevelontheSouthRimandabout3000metersontheotherside.Asaresulttherearedifferentkindsofplantsandanimalsonoppositesidesofthecanyon.TheSouthRimisdrydesertcountry.TheNorthRimhastallforests.Thecanyonlooksdifferentatdifferenttimesofdayandindifferentseasonsandweather.Atsunriseandsunsettheredgoldbrownandorangecolorsoftherocksareespeciallyclearandbright.Inwinterthecanyonispartlycoveredwithsnow.TheviewfromtheSouthRimoftheGrandCanyonisthebest.Mostvisitorsehereandstayincampgroundsorhotels.Everypointalongthecanyon’sedgeoffersadifferentview.TheNorthrimoftheCanyonisquieter.IttakesalldaytodrivetherefromtheSouthRimbecausethereisonlyonebridgeacrosstheColoradoRiver.OnthewayyougothroughNavadoIndianlandsandacolorfulpinkdesertcalled“ThePaintedDesert”.
1.ThebestwaytofeelthetruebeautyoftheGrandCanyonisto________.A.seeitsphotographsB.listentothereportaboutitC.watchitsintroductiononTVD.gothereyourselfandvisitit
2.Accordingtothesecondparagraph________.A.theGrandCanyonhasashorthistoryB.itssizeneverchangedinthehistoryC.theGrandCanyonwasformedbytheearthquakeD.Youcanenjoydifferentsceneryondifferentsidesofthecanyon
3.Thescenethecanyonis________.A.variousdependingondifferenttimeandplacesA.thesameA.variousdependingondifferenttimeA.variousdependingondifferentplaces
4.IfyouwanttovisittheNorthRimfromtheSouthRimyou________.A.cangothereinmanydirectionsA.won’tspendmuchtimeonthewayA.canvisitThepaintedDesertonthewayA.needn’tgoacrossanybridges
5.IfyouwanttohaveavisittotheGrandCanyonyou’dbettergoto_______.A.theNorthRimB.theSouthRimC.thebottomD.NavadoIndianLands【答案与解析】
1.D根据第一段Butyoumustgothereyourselftofeelitstruesizeandbeauty.可知答案
2.D根据第二段中最后三句话可以得出答案
3.A根据第
三、
四、五段可以得出答案
4.C根据最后一段可以得出答案
5.B根据倒数第二段第一句话TheviewfromtheSouthRimoftheGrandCanyonisthebest.可以得知答案阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中,选出最佳选项HarvardUniversitynamedhistorianDrewGilpinFaustasitsfirstfemalepresidentonSundayendingalengthyandsecretivesearchtofindasuccessor(接任者)toLawrenceSummers.Theseven-memberHarvardCorporationelectedFaustanotedscholaronHistoryoftheAmericanSouthanddeanofHarvard’sRadcliffeInstituteforAdvancedStudyastheuniversity’s28thpresident.“ThisisagreatdayandahistoricdayforHarvard”JamesR.Houghtonchairmanofthepresidentialsearchmitteesaidinastatement.“DrewFaustisaninspiringandacplishedleaderasuperbscholaradedicated(献身的teacherandawonderfulhumanbeing.”HerselectionisnoteworthygiventheheateddebatesoverSummers’mentsthatgeneticdifferencesbetweenthesexesmighthelpexplainthelackofwomenintopsciencejobs.FausthasbeendeanofRadcliffesince2001twoyearsaftertheformerwomen’scollegewasbinedintotheuniversityasaresearchcenterwithamissiontostudygenderissues性别问题.Someprofessorshavequietlygrousedthatthe371-year-olduniversityisappointingafifthpresidentwhoisnotascientist.NoscientisthashadthetopjobsinceJamesBryantConantretiredin1953;itslastfourhaveefromthefieldsofclassicslawliteratureandeconomics.FaustisthefirstHarvardpresidentwhodidnotreceiveadegreefromtheuniversitysinceCharlesChauncyagraduateofCambridgeUniversitywhodiedinofficein
1762.SheattendedtheUniversityofPennsylvania.“Teachingstaffturnedtoherconstantly”saidSheldonHackneyaformerpresidentoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniaandhistorianwhoworkedcloselywithFaust.“She’sveryclear.Shehasasenseofhumorbutshe’sverystrong-minded.Youetotrustinherbecauseshe’ssosolid.”
1.WhichmightbethebesttitleforthepassageA.Harvardnamedits1stfemalepresident.B.HistoryofHarvardUniversitychanged.C.Debatesonfemaleequalityended.D.DrewGilpinFaustafamouswomanhistorian.
2.WhichisNOTtrueaboutDrewGilpinFaustA.Sheisthe28thpresidentofHarvardUniversity.B.SheisafamousscholarfromtheAmericanSouth.C.Sheisn’tagraduatefromHarvardUniversity.D.ShewasheadofRadcliffeInstituteforAdvancedStudy.
3.LawrenceSummersheldtheviewthat.A.womencannotachieveasmuchasmeninmanagementB.womencannotholdimportantpositionsinsocietyC.womencanmatchmeninsciencejobsD.fewwomenmaketopscientistsowingtogenes
4.Theunderlinedword“groused”inthe6thparagraphmeans.A.approvedB.mentedC.plainedD.indicated
5.Thispassageprobablyappearsina.A.biographyB.personalletterC.researchpaperD.newspaperreport【参考答案】1—
5、ABDCD。