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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习说理议论阅读理解
(5)说理议论(阅读理解)由xx天津B改编Lastnight’smeteor流星showerleftmanypeopleinthemunitydissatisfiedanddemandinganswers.AccordingtoGabeRothschildEmeraldValley’smayorpeoplegatheredinthesuburbsofthecitycarryingheavytelescopesexpectingtowatchthebrightlyburningmeteorspassingthroughthesky.Whattheyfoundinsteadwasaskysobrightenedbythecity’slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead.“Myfamilywassofrustrated”admittedtownresidentDuaneCosby.“Wewantedtomakethisanunforgettablefamilyoutingbutitturnedouttobeahugedisappointment.”Astronomers—scientistswhostudystarsandplanets—havebeenplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycouldseequiteeasilyinthepast.Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofightagainstit.Thereisyetapopulationbesidesprofessionalandamateurstarobserversthatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.Thispopulationconsistsofbirdsbatsfrogssnakesetc.Forexampleoutdoorlightingseverelyaffectsmigrating迁徙的birds.AccordingtotheInternationalDark-SkyAssociation“100millionbirdsayearthroughoutNorthAmericadieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers.”Countlessmoreanimalcasualties伤亡resultfromtheuseofartificiallighting.Clearlypeopleenjoythebenefitsoflightingtheireveningsbutsomescientiststhinkitcanbeharmfulforhumanstoo.Theyworrythatexposuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreaseaperson’schancesofgettingcancer.EmeraldValleyisonlyonemunitythatisbeingawareofthenegativeeffectsoflightpollution.ForyearsFlagstaffArizonahasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertoassistastronomersattheLowellObservatory.Similareffortshavebeenmadeworldwideandamovementisunderwaytoremindustoturnofflightswhenwearenotusingthemsothatothercreaturescansharethenight.
1.Ithappenedlastnightthat . A.thecity’slightsaffectedthemeteorwatchingB.themeteorsflewpastbeforebeingnoticedC.thecitylightshowattractedmanypeopleD.themeteorwatchingendedupasocialouting
2.Whatdotheastronomersplainabout A.Meteorshowersoccurlessoftenthanbefore.B.Theirobservationequipmentisinpoorrepair.C.Lightpollutionhasremainedunsolvedforyears.D.Theireyesightisfailingduetoartificiallighting.
3.WhatistheauthorconcernedaboutaccordingtoParagraph4 A.Birdsmaytakeothermigrationpaths.B.Animals’livinghabitsmaychangesuddenly.C.Varietiesofanimalswillbeesharplyreduced.D.Animals’survivalisthreatenedbyoutdoorlighting.
4.LightingregulationsinFlagstaffArizonaareputintoeffectto . A.lessenthechanceofgettingcancerB.createanidealobservationconditionC.ensurecitizensagoodsleepatnightD.enableallcreaturestoliveinharmony
5.Whatmessagedoestheauthormostwanttogiveus A.Savingwildlifeissavingourselves.B.Greateffortsshouldbemadetosaveenergy.C.Humanactivitiesshouldbeenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Newequipmentshouldbeintroducedforspacestudy. 语篇解读:城市灯光的亮度超过了夜空中的星光这使得观看夜空的人们受到影响也破坏了生态平衡影响了其他生物答案及剖析:
1.A 细节理解题根据文章第一段最后一句“Whattheyfoundinsteadwasaskysobrightenedbythecity’slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead.”可知因为城市的灯光太亮掩盖了流星的光芒影响了流星的观赏故选A项
2.C 细节理解题根据文章第三段第一句话及第二句可知天文学家们在抱怨光污染影响他们的观测而这个问题几十年来悬而未决故选C项
3.D 推理判断题根据文章第四段第二句“Thispopulationconsistsofbirdsbatsfrogssnakesetc.”以及之后的例子可推断出作者关注的是光污染已经给动物的生存带来了极大的威胁
4.B 细节理解题由文章最后一段中的ForyearsFlagstaffArizonahasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertoassistastronomersattheLowellObservatory.可知他们制定该条例的目的是为天文学家创造一个理想的观测条件
5.C 推理判断题作者通过讲述光污染对观测天象的影响和对动物生存的威胁告诉我们人类的行为要有利于环境【长难句子分析】然而他们所看到的是城市的灯光照得天空如此明亮以致影响到了人们观看流星雨了阅读理解阅读下列短文从给的四个选项A、B、C和D中选出最佳选项【xx·江西六校高三联考】Mostpeoplewillansweraringingphone.Usuallyyoudon’tknowwhoisphoningorhowurgenttheirbusinessis,soaringingphoneisdifficulttoignore.Inoneexperiment,aresearcherwrotedownthenumbersofseveralpublicphonesinstationsandairports.Thenhecalledthenumbers.Someonenearlyalwaysanswered.Whenheaskedwhy,peopleusuallysaid,“Becauseitrang.”AfewyearsagoinNewJersey,amanwithariflekilled13people.Armedpolicesurroundedhishousebutherefusedtoeout.Areporterfoundoutthephonenumberofthehouseandcalled.Themanputdownhisrifleandansweredthephone.“Whatdoyouwant?”hesaid,“I’mreallybusyrightnow.”Imagineyouareatworkandthephoneisringinginsomeoneelse’soffice.Doyouansweritornot?Inonesurveyontelephoneuse51%ofparticipantstoldresearchersthattheydid.Wecan’tignorethephoneandforthatreason,itforcesitswayintoourlife.Itinterruptswhatwearedoingandontopofthat,thecallerisoftensomeonewedon’treallywanttotalkto.However,inthesurvey58%saidtheynevertookthephoneoffthehook,and67%didn’tmindifsomeonecalledduringatelevisionprogramme.For44%itwasn’taproblemifsomeonerangduringameal,whileonly28%wereannoyedorupset.Ifsomeonephonedinthemiddleofthenight40%toldresearchersthattheygotnervousorfrightened,whilearound30%gotangry.Ofcourse,whensomeoneisreallyannoying,youcanchoosetohanguponhim/her.Thisisinfactoneoftherudestthingsyoucandoonthephone,but79%saidtheywerepreparedtodoitinsomecases.Only6%toldresearcherstheyneverhunguponpeople.1.Intheexperiment,peopleansweredtheresearcher’sphone________.A.inordertohelphimgatherthedataB.forfearthatitwasurgentC.totestthefunctionofthephoneD.toshowtheirinterestinthesurvey2.Thegunmanansweredthephonebecause________.A.hedecidednottogiveuphisresistancetothepoliceB.heintendedtobefriendlywiththemediaC.hewantedtotellthereporterthathewastoobusytoofferanyinformationD.hetendedtoansweraringingphone3.AccordingtoParagraph3,mostpeople________whentheyweredoingtheirworkorwatchingtelevision.A.refusedtoanswerthephoneinsomeoneelse’sofficeB.couldn’tignorethephoneC.mindedtheringingofthephoneD.keptthephoneringing4.Whatisimpliedbythesentence“79%saidtheywerepreparedtodoitinsomecases”?A.Theyalsoagreedtohanguponothersregardlessofrudeness.B.Theywerepreparedtopunishthoserudecallers.C.Theywereannoyingrudecallers.D.Theyweregoingtohangonannoyingphones.5.Thepurposeofthesurveyistofindout________.A.howthephoneinterruptspeople’sworkB.whatrolethephoneplaysinpeople’slivesC.whypeoplemindaringingphonesometimesD.whenthephonemunicationismorewele语篇解读 本文是一篇调查报道实验发现,大多数人都会接听正在响着的电话,因为他们想知道是谁在打电话或者担心有什么紧急情况1.解析 推理判断题根据文章第一段第一句可知,人们接听电话是因为他们想知道是谁在打电话或者担心有什么紧急情况答案 B2.解析 推理判断题根据文章第二段内容并结合文章大意可知,那位杀人犯之所以接听了电话,是因为他和多数人一样,不能不理会正在响着的电话答案 D3.解析 细节理解题根据文章第三段第四句“Wecan’tignorethephoneandforthatreason,itforcesitswayintoourlife.”可知,多数人在工作或看电视时,当听到电话响了会去接听答案 B4.解析 句意理解题根据文章最后一段内容可知,当接听了电话后,如果对方令人讨厌,你当然可以挂断他或她的电话虽然这是在打电话时很没礼貌的行为,但79%的人说如果碰到类似情况他们也会那样做答案 A5.解析 写作意图题通读全文可知,本文的写作目的是为了调查人们为什么会去接听正在响着的电话的原因答案C阅读理解阅读下列短文从给的四个选项A、B、C和D中选出最佳选项【xx·山东省实验中学二模】GenzebTibebisverybright.Atonly11yearsold,herfutureislookingpromising.Sheisranked2ndoutof56studentsathergovernmentschoolinAddisAbaba,Ethiopiawhereshehasbeenselectedforaspecialprogrambecauseofhertalent.Sheknowssheisspecialandproudlyshowsoffhercertificateandbooksignifyingheracplishmentsinthisspecialprogram.Butherfuturehasn’talwayslookedsobright.Whilehermother,Bekelech,sacrificedimmenselyforGenzeb,shewouldnothavebeenabletocontinuesendinghertoschool.Whenherhusbanddied,Bekelechwasthesoleprovider,fortheirfivechildren.Inorderforthemtosurvive,shebeganthedailyroutineofwalkingapproximately8-10milesadaycollectingstickstosellnearher8′×10′homeinKichone.Itwouldn’thavebeenlongbeforeGenzebwouldhavebeenforcedtoquitschoolinordertohelphermom.ButBrightFuturechangedallthat.GenzebhasbeenatBrightFuturefor3years.SinceEthiopianschoolsletoutearly,Genzebwalkstothefacilityrightafterlunch.Becauseofherhighability,sheevenhelpsteachtheyoungerchildrenthere,buildingconfidenceandlockinginimportantfoundationalacademicskills.There’salsoothermeaningfulopportunitiesGenzebexperienceswhichallowhereyestobeopenedtothedifferentopportunitiesthatareavailabletoherifshepletesherstudies.Fieldtripsareoneofhermostfavoriteactivitiesofall.SheespeciallylovedtheonetoAddisAbabaUniversity.Sheknowsitgoesbeyondfuntrips,though.“IamhappybecauseIgetextrahelpforschoolfromBrightFuture.”Genzebshares.Atsomanylevels,herinvolvementwithBrightFutureallowshertoreceiveabettereducation,whichshevalues.Foronedayshewantstohelppeopleinneedbybeingadoctor.Andnowsheknows,thatwithalotofhardwork,thatdreammightjustbeeareality.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sole”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeanA.important B.mainC.unable D.only2.Accordingtothetext,whatisthemajorfactorthatcanhelpGenzebTibebcontinueherschoolA.Brightfuture. B.Hertalent.C.Hermother. D.Herschool.3.Fromthetextwecanlearn________.A.GenzebTibebquittedschoolforseveralyearsB.GenzebTibebwasadmittedintoafamousuniversityC.GenzebTibebwasinvolvedinBrightFutureactivitiesD.GenzebTibebhadtoearnalivingbyherself4.Accordingtothetext,whatisBrightFutureprobablyA.Astudenttrainingcenter.B.Ascholarshiporganization.C.Agovernmentschool.D.Anorphanageorganization.5.Whichofthefollowingthingsdidn’tGenzebTibebdoonBrightFutureA.Collectingandsellingsticks.B.Teachyoungerkidsthere.C.Lockinacademicskills.D.Takepartinfieldtrips.语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道内容主要讲述了BrightFuture组织帮助一名埃塞俄比亚女孩Genzeb继续学业的故事1.解析 词义猜测题根据语境可知,画线词所在句子的意思是当Genzeb的父亲去世后,她的母亲Bekelech成了唯一养家的人因此sole应为“唯一”之意答案 D2.解析 细节理解题根据第二段最后两句“...havebeenforcedtoquitschool...ButBrightFuturechangedallthat.”可知,是BrightFuture帮助了Genzeb继续她的学业答案 A3.解析 推理判断题根据倒数第二段内容可知,Genzeb已经加入BrightFuture三年了并且经常参与BrightFuture组织的活动答案 C4.解析 推理判断题根据第一段后两句“Sheisranked2ndoutof56students...showsoffhercertificateandbook...”及第二段最后两句“...havebeenforcedtoquitschoolinordertohelphermom.ButBrightFuturechangedallthat.”可推知,BrightFuture是给那些家庭困难、成绩优异的学生提供继续学业的一个组织答案 B5.解析 细节理解题根据倒数第二段第三句“...helpsteachtheyoungerchildren...lockinginimportantfoundationalacademicskills.”及该段倒数第二句“Fieldtripsareoneof...”可知,B、C、D三项均为Genzeb在BrightFuture中参与的活动;A项指的是她母亲的行为答案 A。