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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解基础选编
(1)高考英语阅读理解提升全程训练及答案阅读理解-----AManypeoplebelieveHenryFordinventedtheautomobile汽车.ButHenryForddidnotstarttobuildhisfirstcaruntil
1896.ThatwaselevenyearsaftertwoGermansdevelopedtheworldsfirstautomobile.ManypeoplebelieveHenryFordinventedtheproductionlinethatmovedacarspartstotheworkerinsteadofmakingtheworkermovetotheparts.Thatisnottrueeither.ManyfactoryownersusedmethodsofthiskindbeforeFord.WhatHenryForddidwastouseotherpeoplesideasandmakethembetter.Andhemadethewholefactoryamovingproductionline.Intheearlydaysoftheautomobilealmosteverycarmakerracedhiscars.Itwasthebestwayofgainingpublicnotice.HenryForddecidedtobuildaracingcar.Fordsmostfamousracewashisfirstone.Itwasalsothelastraceinwhichhedrovethecarhimself.Theracewasin1901atafieldnearDetroit.Allofthemostfamouscarshadenteredbutonlytwowereleft:theWintonandFords.TheWintonwasfamousforitsspeed.Mostpeoplethoughttheracewasoverbeforeitbegan.TheWintontookanearlylead.Buthalfwaythroughtheraceitbegantolosepower.Fordstartedtogain.Andneartheendoftheracehetookthelead.FordwontheraceanddefeatedtheWinton.Hisnameappearedinnewspapersandhebecamewell-knownallovertheUnitedStates.WithinweeksoftheraceHenryFordformedanewautomobilepany.Inthe1903adoctorinDetroitboughtthefirstcarfromthepany.ThatsalewasthebeginningofHenryFordsdream.Fordsaid:Iwillbuildamotorcarforthegreatmassofpeople.Itwillbelargeenoughforthefamilybutsmallenoughforonepersontooperateandcarefor.Itwillbebuiltofthebestmaterials.Itwillbebuiltbythebestmentobeemployed.Anditwillbebuiltwiththesimplestplansthatmodemengineeringcanproduce.Itwillbesolowinpricethatnomanmakinggoodmoneywillbeunabletoownone.TheModelTwasacarofthatkind.Itonlycost$
850.Itwasasimplemachinethatdriverscoulddependon.DoctorsboughttheModelT.Sodidfarmers.Evencriminals.Theyconsidereditthefastestandsurestformoftransportation.AmericanslovedtheModelT.Theywrotestoriesandsongsaboutit.ThousandsofModelTswerebuiltinthefirstfewyears.
1.WhatdoweknowaboutHenryFordfromParagraph1A.Hemadegooduseofideasfromothers.B.Heproducedthefirstcarintheworld.C.Heknewhowtoimproveautoparts.D.Heinventedtheproductionline.【答案】A【解析】细节题由文章WhatHenryForddidwastouseotherpeoplesideasandmakethembetter.可选A
2.WhydidHenryFordtakepartinthe1901carraceA.Toshowoffhisdrivingskills.B.Todrawpublicattention.C.Tolearnaboutnewtechnology.D.Toraisemoneyforhisnewpany.【答案】B【解析】细节题由文章第3段TheWintonwasfamousforitsspeed.Mostpeoplethoughttheracewasoverbeforeitbegan.可得出B
3.“Thatsale”inParagraph4refersto.A.thesellingofFordcarsatreducedpricesB.thesaleofModelTtothemassofpeopleC.thesellingofacartoaDetroitdoctorD.thesalestargetfortheFordpany【答案】C【解析】猜测词义,有上文Inthe1903adoctorinDetroitboughtthefirstcarfromthepany.可知
4.WhatwasHenryFordsdreamaccordingtothetextA.Producingcarsforaveragecustomers.B.Buildingracingcarsofsimpledesign.C.Designingmorecarmodels.D.Startingmorepanies.【答案】A【解析】细节题,由Iwillbuildamotorcarforthegreatmassofpeople可选A阅读理解-----BTheCoalitionfortheHomelessisanorganizationthatseekstoaddresstheneedsofthehomelesspopulationintheUnitedStates.ItisanetworkofofficessomeofwhichprovidefoodandhousesforthehomelesspopulationandsomeofwhichfightforthepassingoflawsthatofovertwohundredmillionpeoplelivingintheUnitedStatesuptothreemillionarehomeless—andthenumberisstillgrowing.Sincethelate1970sfastrisinghousepriceslargecutsingovernmentsupportedhousingprogramsandeconomicrecession经济衰退havemadeitimpossibleformanyAmericanstomeethousingcosts.Sadlythishasresultedinanumberofpersonsbeingforcedtoleavetheirhomesand/orunabletofindnewaffordablehomes.Accordingtoanotherresearchfamilieswithchildrenappeartobethefastest-growingpartofthehomelesspopulationmakingup39%ofit.Theoldideaofahomelesspersonthatofthesinglemanwhogetsdrunkallthetimeisnolongertrue.Amuchlagerpartofthepopulationnowfindsitselfhomeless.Evenworseonceapersonbeeshomelessheoftenfindsitimpossibletofindajobsincemostemployersrequireanyonewhowantsajobfromthemtoprovideahomeaddressonajobapplication.
1.Theword“address”inthefirstlineprobablymeans.A.talkaboutB.dealwithC.fightforD.writeto【答案】B【解析】猜测词义题由后文ItisanetworkofofficessomeofwhichprovidefoodandhousesforthehomelesspopulationandsomeofwhichfightforthepassingoflawsthatofovertwohundredmillionpeoplelivingintheUnitedStates可得出选B
2.HowmanypeoplearehomelessintheU.S.accordingtotheCoalitionstudiesA.39%ofthepopulation.B.200millionpeople.C.About3millionpeople.D.Aboutone-fifthofthepopulation.【答案】C【解析】细节题,由uptothreemillionarehomeless可得出C
3.Homelesspeopleoftenhavedifficultyfindingajobbecause.A.theyhavenohomeaddressesB.theymostlyhaveadrinkingproblemC.theyarentsupportedbygovernmentprogramsD.theyoftendonthaveenoughworkexperience【答案】A【解析】细节题,由heoftenfindsitimpossibletofindajobsincemostemployersrequireanyonewhowantsajobfromthemtoprovideahomeaddressonajobapplication.可知
4.WhatisthemaincauseoftherisingnumberofthehomelessintheU.S.A.Thepassingofnewhousinglaws.B.Thefastgrowthoffamilysize.C.Theslowconstructionofhouses.D.Theever-risingpriceofhousing.【答案】D【解析】细节题,由fastrisinghousepriceslargecutsingovernmentsupportedhousingprogramsandeconomicrecession经济衰退可知选D阅读理解EveryyearinAmericahigh-schoolstudentswhowanttogoontocollegetakeanationalexaminationcalledtheScholasticAptitudeTestorSATinashortenedway.Theirscoreisanimportantfactorindeterminingwhichcollegeswilladmitthemorwhetheranywillbeadmittedatall.TheScholasticAptitudeTestmuasuresone’smathematicalabilityanduseoftheEnglishlanguage.TraditionallytheEnglishportioninvolvedgrammaticalquestionsandparagraphsthattestreadingprehension.ButtheSATfolkshaveaddedasinglequestiontobeansweredinanessayhand-writtenonthespot.That’saninterestingwaytotestwritingabilitybutcontentasidehaveyoueverseenyoungpeople’shandwritinglatelyOranyone’sforthatmatterinthisageofputerkeyboardsStudentswritenumbersandsigntheirnamesonbankchecks.Theyscribbleclassnotesinwhatcangenerouslybedescribedasthewrittenword.Andtheyhand-writeormoreoftenprintawordortwoofidentificationonluggageandlunchbags.Otherwisepenmanship书法-oncetaughtsomorallyandcarefullybysecond-gradeteachershasgonethewayofthedodobirdwhichhasdiedout.Yettoday’skidsareaskedtowritethoughtfullyandlegiblyforseveralminutesonthisSATTest.Goodlucktothetestscorerswhomustworkoutdifficultlythescrawlofyoungpeoplewho’vebeentypingonputerssincetheageofthree!Teachersinsistthatgoodhandwritingcannotonlyhelpone’sscoreontheSATbutalsolateroninlifeimpresspotentialemployersandearnbiggertaxrefundsbecausethetaxinspectorscanactuallyreadtheputations.Anddon’tforgetweallhavetoresorttohandwritingfromrimetotimeasputersgodownwhenthepowergoesout.
1.ThesubjectstobetestedintheSATinclude.A.mathEnglishreadingandhandwritingB.mathgrammarreadingandwritingC.mathforeignlanguageandwritingD.mathEnglishandhandwriting答案解析答案为B本题为细节题由第一段最后两句话“TheScholasticAptitudeTestmuasuresone’smathematicalabilityanduseoftheEnglishlanguage.TraditionallytheEnglishportioninvolvedgrammaticalquestionsandparagraphsthattestreadingprehension.”和第二段第一句话“ButtheSATfolkshaveaddedasinglequestiontobeansweredinanessayhand-writtenonthespot.”可知,答案为B
2.Theauthorwritethispassagetointroducethefactthat.A.writingseemstobeveryimportantintheSATB.thosewhowillgotocollegeshavetotaketheSATC.studentsshouldpracticehandwritingmoreoftenD.attheputeragekidsdon’tknowhowtowrite.答案解析答案为C本题为文章的主旨大意题全文由SAT考试增加书面表达部分的改革引入话题---当前学生不重视书写,因此此项改革就是为了使学生书写工整,改掉书写潦草的坏习惯故答案为C
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scribble”probablymeanA.writequicklyandroughlyB.takenotesdifficultlyC.printpenmanshipcarefullyD.describewrittenwordgenerously答案解析答案为A本题为词义推断题结合划线部分的上下文,在这个计算机时代,学生手写的内容已经非常罕见,只有一两个单词写在行李箱或者午餐包上,用来辨认物主,书法在其他场合就像嘟嘟鸟一样灭绝了故可以推断,学生在课堂上记笔记非常潦草故答案为A,迅速而粗糙地书写
4.Accordingtothepassagegoodhandwritingcan.A.helpstudentsgethighscoresintestsB.makeastudentmorepopularC.measurestudents’sabilityD.assistonetogetajob答案解析答案为D本题为细节题由文章最后一段“Teachersinsistthatgoodhandwritingcannotonlyhelpone’sscoreontheSATbutalsolateroninlifeimpresspotentialemployersandearnbiggertaxrefundsbecausethetaxinspectorscanactuallyreadtheputations.”可知,漂亮的书法不仅对SAT考试得分起到帮助作用,而且能给今后找工作时的雇主留下良好的印象,获得更多的退税故答案为D,帮助一个人找工作干扰项最强的A选项“帮助学生获得高分”拔高了文章的意思故答案为D阅读理解-----AThespaceshuttleColumbiaflaredandbrokeupintheskiesoverTexasonSaturdayFebruary12003killingthesevenastronautsonboardinwhatNASAandPresidentBushcalledatragedyfortheentirenation.NASAlaunchedaninvestigationintothedisasterandbegansearchingfortheastronautsremains.Itsaidthatalthoughtherehadbeensomedatafailuresitwastooearlytonaildownaprecisecause.Thebreak-up16minutesbeforetheshuttlewasduetolandatKennedySpaceCenterinFloridaspreadpossiblytoxicdebris有毒的残骸overawideswathofTexasandneighboringstates.Dramatictelevisionimagesoftheshuttlesdescentclearlyshowedseveralwhitetrails痕迹streakingthroughblueskiesaftertheshuttlesuddenlyfellapart.Itwasalmost17yearstothedaythattheChallengershuttleexplodedonJan.281986killingallsevenastronautsonboard.Take-offandre-entryintoEarthsatmospherearethemostdangerouspartsofaspacemission.In42yearsofUShumanspaceflighttherehadneverbeenanaccidentinthedescenttoEarthorlanding.Challengerexplodedjustaftertake-off.RescueteamsscrambledtosearchfortheremainsofthecrewwhichincludedthefirstIsraelitoflyontheshuttleformerbatpilotCol.IlanRamon.Therewerewarningsthatpartsofavast120-mile-longcorridorofdebriscouldbetoxicbecauseofpoisonousrocketpropellant推进器.WearenotreadytoconfirmthatwehavefoundanyhumanremainsNacogdochesCountySheriffThomasKerrssaid.Headdedthatamongtheroughly1000callsreportingdebrissomepeoplesaidtheyfoundremainsofcrewmembers.TheColumbiaislost.Therearenosurvivors…Theirmissionwasalmostpleteandwelostthemsoclosetohome.…Americasspaceprogramwillgoonsaidagrim-facedBushinamessagebroadcastontelevisionwhichincludedcondolencestothefamiliesofthedeadastronauts.
1.Theword“descent”inthepassagemeans________.A.takingoffB.landingC.orbitingD.walkingdown答案解析答案为B本题为词义推断题由第三段第二句话“In42yearsofUShumanspaceflighttherehadneverbeenanaccidentinthedescenttoEarthorlanding.”可知,在美国42年的载人航空飞行中,从来没有在着陆地面时发生事故,言外之意就是Columbia航天飞机是着陆地面时坠毁“orlanding”对应的意思就是descent故答案为B
2.WhichistrueoftheIsraeliastronautIlanRamonA.HewasthefirstIsraeliastronauttoflyontheshuttle.B.HewasthefirstforeignastronauttoflyontheAmericanshuttle.C.Heusedtobeapassengerplanepilot.D.HewastheonlysurvivorintheColumbiadisaster.答案解析答案为A本题为细节题由第四段第一句话“…whichincludedthefirstIsraelitoflyontheshuttleformerbatpilotCol.IlanRamon.”可知,IlanRamon是第一个以色列乘坐航天飞机的宇航员,也是一名前战斗飞行员,故A选项正确,B,C错误由最后一段第二句话“Therearenosurvivors”可知没有幸存者,故D选项错误故答案为A
3.TheColumbiadisasterandtheChallengerdisasterweresimilarinthat________.A.thereweresevenastronautskilledonboardB.boththeshuttlesexplodedwhentheytookoffC.BoththeshuttlesexplodedwhentheywereabouttolandD.nohumanremainswerefound答案解析答案为A本题为细节推理题,要求寻找Columbia和theChallenger事故的相似之处由第一段首句“ThespaceshuttleColumbiaflaredandbrokeup…killingthesevenastronautsonboard…”和第二段最后一句“Itwasalmost17yearstothedaythattheChallengershuttleexplodedonJan.281986killingallsevenastronautsonboard.”可知,Columbia和theChallenger都有七名宇航员遇难故答案为A由第三段“In42yearsofUShumanspaceflighttherehadneverbeenanaccidentinthedescenttoEarthorlanding.Challengerexplodedjustaftertake-off.”可知,Columbia是着陆地面时坠毁,Challenger是在刚刚起飞后爆炸,故B、C选项错误由倒数第二段最后一句话“…somepeoplesaidtheyfoundremainsofcrewmembers.”可知,有些人说他们找到了宇航员的残骸,故D选项错误
4.WhichofthefollowingiswrongaccordingtothenewsA.TheU.S.A.willgiveupthespaceprogrambecauseoftheaccident.B.NASAhasn’tfoundthecauseoftheColumbiadisaster.C.BeforetheColumbiadisasternoshuttleshadexplodedinthecourseoflanding.D.Take-offandre-entryintoEarthsatmospherearethemostdangerouspartsofaspacemission.答案解析答案为A本题为细节题由最后一段“Americasspaceprogramwillgoon”可知,A选项与文章不符,故答案为A由第一段“NASAlaunchedaninvestigationintothedisasterandbegansearchingfortheastronautsremains.Itsaidthatalthoughtherehadbeensomedatafailuresitwastooearlytonaildownaprecisecause.”可知,NASA认为对事故的准确原因进行定论还为时过早,故B选项与文章符合结合第一题的分析可知,C选项与文章符合由第三段首句“Take-offandre-entryintoEarthsatmospherearethemostdangerouspartsofaspacemission.”可知,D选项与文章符合故B、C、D均不选。