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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解学生选练10阅读下列四篇短文,从每小题后所给的ABC或D四个选项中,选出最佳选项FormillionsofFacebookuserschoosingwhichphototouseforanonlineprofileisanimportantdecision.AccordingtoastudybyresearchersattheUTDallasCenterthephotosweselectmayreflectindividualpreferencesbuttheyalsoappeartoreflectmoredeeplyrootedunconsciousculturaldifferences.Previousresearchhasshownthatculturecanaffectnotonlylanguageandcustombutalsohowweexperiencetheworldandprocessinformation.Westerncultures,forexample,conditionpeopletothinkofthemselvesashighlyindependententities实体,whereasEastAsianculturesstresscollectivismandinterdependence.Dr.DeniseParkco-directoroftheCenteratUTDallasandformergraduatestudentDr.ChihMaoHuangoftheUniversityofIllinoiswerecuriousaboutwhetherthesepatternsofculturalinfluenceextendtocyberspace.InapaperpublishedintheInternationalJournalofPsychologytheyexaminedtheprofilephotographsofmorethan500activeFacebookusersfromtheUnitedStatesandEastAsia.OveralltheyfoundthatprofilephotosofAmericansaremorelikelytofocusontheindividualsface,whiletheprofilesofEastAsianstendtolessemphasizethefaceandincludemorebackgroundfeatures.AmericansalsoshowgreatersmileintensityparedtoEastAsianFacebookusers.ThefindingsshowmarkedculturaldifferencesinthefocusofattentionamongEastAsianandAmericanFacebookusers.Moreovertheyechopreviousresearchonculturalinfluencesonvisualperception感知),attentionandreasoningintheofflineworld.“WebelievethesefindingsrelatetoaculturalbiastobemoreindividualisticandindependentintheUSandmoremunalandinterdependentinAsia”,saidPark.Theresearchalsofoundthatculturalinfluencesoverourself-presentationonlinecanshiftovertimeandfromplacetoplace.InoneofthestudysamplesAmericansstudyinginJapanandJapanesestudyingintheUSbothshowedatendencytoadjusttheirprofilephotostothegeneralpreferencesoftheirhostcountry.“Facebookconstitutesanextendedsocialcontextinwhichpersonalprofilesmirrorvariousindividualcharacteristics,privatethoughts,andsocialbehaviors,”notedHuang.“Assuch,thestudypresentsanewapproachtoinvestigatecognitionandbehaviorsacrossculturesbyusingFacebookasadatacollectionplatform.”
1.Theunderlinedword‘‘condition”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans_______.A.advise B.instruct C.shape D.forbid
2.WecanknowfromthepassagethatMongoliansprobablyemphasize________.A.culturalinfluences B.socialbehaviorsC.independentexistence D.collectivepower
3.ItcanbeinferredthataKoreanstudyingintheUSislikelyto_______.A.useapictureofhisfaceonFacebookB.adjusttoAmericanpreferencesquicklyC.changehisprofilephotosfromtimetotimeD.putupaphotoofhisapartmentonFacebook
4.AccordingtoDr.HuangFacebookcanhelpto_______.A.makeupamoreextendedsocialcontextB.studythediversityofworldwideculturesC.promotemunicationbetweeneastandwestD.binedifferentculturesfromdifferentaspects【参考答案】1—
4、CDAB AOncetherewasamanwholikedtoeatmangoes芒果.Onedayhedecidedtogetthesweetestmangofromtheverytopofthetree.Mangoeswhichareexposedtothesunthemostarethesweetest.Soheclimbeduptothetopwherethebrancheswerethin.Hemanagedtopickupafewsweetreddishfruitsbutinanattempttoclimbdownheslippedandstartedfallingtowardstheground.Fortunatelyhecaughtthebranchashewasfallingandremainedhelplesslyhangingonthetree.Thenhestartedtocallnearbyvillagersforhelp.Theyimmediatelycamewithaladderandsticksbutcoulddolittletohelphim.Thenaftersometimeonecalmandthoughtfulpersonarrived-awell-knownsagewholivedinasimplehutnearby.Peoplewereverycurioustoseewhathewoulddoashewasfamousinsolvingmanypeople’sproblemsintheareaandsometimesveryplicatedones.Hewassilentforaminuteandthenpickedupastoneandthrewitatthehangingman.That’swhateverybodywanted-thathecamedown.ButhowNoweverybodywastense紧张astowhatwouldhappennext!Somewantedtopunishthesagebuttheydidn’t.Thesagepickedanotherstoneandthrewitagainatthemanevenmoreforcefully.Nowthemanonthetreewasenragedanddevelopedagreatdeterminationtoedownandtakerevenge(报仇).Hethenusedallhisskillandstrengthandsomehowreachedthebrancheswhichweresafetostartgoingdown.Andhemadeit!Everybodywasamazed.Howevertherescuedmanfoundthesagegone.Hestoodthererealizingthatthemanreallyhelpedhimbecauseheinducedhimtotryhisbestandsavehimself.“Ishouldbethankfulandnotangry.”1.WhathappenedafterhehadpickedafewsweetreddishmangoesA.Heremainedhanginghelplesslyonthetree.B.Heslippedandfelltothegroundsuddenly.C.Hewasclimbingdownquicklybutcarefully.D.Heshoutedloudlyforhelpbutnoonehelped.2.HowdidthemanfeelwhenthesagehithimwithastoneA.Hewasnervous.B.Hekeptsilent.C.Hewasangry.D.Hefeltsurprised.3.WhatdoyouthinkmotivatedthemantoclimbdownA.Courage.B.Assistance.C.Carefulness.D.Revenge.4.Fromthestoryweknowthatthesweetestmangomustbetheone.A.onthetreeforthelongesttimeB.hiddeninthemiddleofatreeC.ontheverytopoftheatreeD.exposedtosunlightlessoften参考答案1—4ACDCBWeoftensmileattimes.Howeverthemeaningofasmileindifferentculturesmaybedifferent.Dependingondifferentculturessmilingcanexpressjoyandamusementbutitcanalsoindicateembarrassment.Thefollowingexamplesshowthispointofview:InanattempttobeopenandfriendlypeopleintheUnitedStatessmilealot.EveryonesmilesateachotherthisnonverbalmunicationshowsbeingfriendlyintheUnitedStates.However,inChinasmilingisnotonlyanexpressionofhappinessbutalsoawaytoavoidbeingembarrassed.Chinesepeoplelikesmilingwhentheyareembarrassedinordertoavoidembarrassment.Smilingisakindofgoodwillbutnotsneer(嘲笑).Forexample:WhenachildfallsofffromabiketheadultsinChinamaysmilewhichisakindofgentleencouragementandmaynotbeakindofimpolitelaugh.WhenapersonfromtheUnitedStatesmightblush(脸红)withembarrassmentorbeeoffensiveaChinesemightblushwithsmile.Toavoidseriousmisunderstandingpeoplewhoengageininterculturalmunicationshouldbeabletounderstandthemeaningofsmilingappropriately.Relatedtothesmileisthelaugh.Alsodifferentcultureshavedifferentmeaningsaboutlaugh.ForexampleAmericanscanenjoyaveryheartfeltbelly腹部laughthatesfromthedeepestemotions.HowevermostChineseseldomlaughthatwaybecausetheyarethoughttobesillyexceptamongclosefriends.
5.Wecanusesmiletoexpressallofthefollowingfeelingsexcept_________A.joyandhappinessB.amusementC.embarrassmentD.fear
6.PeopleoftensmileateachotherintheUnitedStatesbecause_________.A.theyareveryhappyB.theywanttoshowtheyarefriendlyC.theywanttohidetheirtruefeelingsD.theywanttoavoidembarrassment
7.InChinaseeingachildfallsoffabikeanadultwillsmileinorderto________.A.laughathimB.avoidhisownembarrassmentC.avoidembarrassmentandencouragetheboyD.showhispoliteness
8.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinthepassageA.Peoplesmileattimes.B.Smilingcanexpressdifferentfeelingsdependingondifferentcultures.C.AmericansaremoreopenandfriendlythanChinesepeople.D.TheChinesepeopleoftenhidetheirtruefeelings.参考答案5—8DBCBThedriverfledthesceneoftheaccidentleavingthegirltobleedonthesidewalk.Overthenextsixminutesmorethanadozenpeoplewalkedbythegirlyetnotoneindividualdidanythingtohelpher.Thegirlwasthenhitasecondtimebyanothervanbeforeanelderlytrashcollectorcametoheraidandbroughttheattentionofthegirl’smotheraccordingtothevideoandeyewitnesses.Doctorssaidthatthegirlwhowasputonlifesupportafterbeinghospitalizedremainsinadeepa.Thegirl’sparentswhoaremigrantslivinginthecityarenowwithher.Policesaidthedriversofbothvehicleshavebeenarrested.HowevertheindifferenceofthebystandersshowninthevideohasshockedthepublicasInternetforumshaveboiledwithangerandpeoplearequestioningthemoralityofsociety.HighmoralstandardswereoncetriumphedasnationalprideinChinawhereindividualsknownforselflesslyhelpingotherswereadoredbythepublic.Butinrecentyearstheperceptionofadeclineofmoralshasbeeahottopicasprofitandmaterialismarerecognizedtobeaffectingsociety’svalues.OnSept.
2.an88-year-oldmanincentralChinacollapsedhisfacestrikingthepavement.Yetnoonecametohisaidandheendedupchokingtodeathonthebloodfromhisnose.Somehavelinkedtheabsenceofgoodmodelstoapreviouscaseinwhichamantryingtohelpanelderlywomanwhofellwasaccusedofharmingher.AstrongchorusofopinionontheInternetsayslawsshouldexempt(免除)modelsfromresponsibilityyetlawsthemselvescannotsolvesociety’smoralitydilemma.CaoLinaChinaYouthDailymentatorsaidinasignedarticlepublishedonMondaythattheworryofresponsibilityshouldnotbeanexcusefornothelpingandthiscaseexposesthedeclineofhumanityinChinesesociety.
9.Whathappenedtothetwo-year-oldgirlA.Nobodyhelpedheraftershewasstruckbytwodifferentvans.B.Shediedimmediatelyaftershewashitasecondtime.C.Anoldtrashcollectorsavedherandattractedhermother’sattention.D.JournalistsfromTVScapturedherstorybyusingacamera.
10.FromthepassagewhatwouldhappenifsomeonehelpedothersselflesslyinthepastA.Thepublicwouldfeelproudofhim/herandshowedloveandrespectforhim/her.B.He/shewouldbeawardedbythegovernment.C.He/shewouldbecondemnedbythepublic.D.He/shewouldhavetoworryaboutlegalresponsibility.11Inrecentyearssociety’svaluesarebelievedtobeaffectedby________.A.people’sawarenessB.theindifferenceofbystandersC.profitandmaterialismD.themoralsofsociety
12.WhereisthearticleprobablytakenfromA.Anewsreport.B.Afashionmagazine.C.Asciencefiction.D.Aneducationcolumn.参考答案9—12CACADMostpeopleareright-handed.Thisalsoseemstobetrueinhistory.In1799scientistsstudiedworksofartmadeatdifferenttimesfrom1500B.C.tothe1950s.Mostofthepeopleshownintheseworksareright-handedsothescientistsguessedthatright-handednesshasalwaysbeenmonthroughhistory.Todayonlyabout10%to15%oftheworld’spopulationisleft-handed.Whyaretheremoreright-handedpeoplethanleft-handedonesScientistsnowknowthataperson’stwohandseachhavetheirownjobs.Formostpeoplethehandisusedtofindthingsorholdthings.Therighthandisusedtoworkwiththings.Thisisbecauseofthedifferentworkofthetwosidesofthebrain.Therightsideofthebrainwhichmakesaperson’shandsandeyesworktogethercontrolsthelefthand.Theleft-sideofthebrainwhichcontrolstherighthandisthecentreforthinkinganddoingproblems.Thesefindingsshowthatmoreartistsshouldbeleft-handedandstudieshavefoundthatleft-handednessistwiceasmonamongartistsasamongpeopleinotherjobs.Noonereallyknowswhatmakesapersonbeeright-handedinsteadofleft-handed.Scientistshavefoundthatalmost40%ofthepeoplebeeleft-handedbecausetheirmainbrainisdamagedwhentheyareborn.Howeverthisdoesn’thappentoeveryonesoscientistsguesstheremustbeanotherreasonwhypeoplebeeleft-handed.Oneideaisthatpeopleusuallygetright-handedfromtheirparents.Ifapersondoesnotreceivethegene基因forright-handednesshe/shemaybeeeitherright-handedorleft-handedaccordingtothechanceandthepeopletheyworkorlivewith.Thoughright-handednessismoremonthanleft-handednesspeoplenolongerthinkleft-handedpeoplearestrangeorunusual.Alongtimeagoleft-handedchildrenweremadetousetheirrighthandslikeotherchildrenbuttodaytheydon’thaveto.
13.WhatisthehandformostpeopleusedtodoA.It’susedtofindorholdthings.B.It’susedtoworkwiththings.C.It’susedtomakeaperson’seyesworktogether.D.It’sthecentreforthinkinganddoingproblems.
14.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueA.Noonereallyknowswhatmakesapersonbeeright-handed.B.Left-handednessisclevererthanright-handedness.C.Todaychildrenarenotmadetousetheirrighthandsonly.D.Scientiststhinktheremustbesomereasonwhypeoplebeeleft-handed.
15.Thebesttitleforthispassageis_______.A.Scientists’NewInventionsB.Left-handedPeopleC.WhichHandD.DifferentBrainsDifferentHands参考答案13—15ABC。