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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解实战练习
(3)【xx高考复习】阅读理解Ifyouexhibitpositivecharacteristicssuchashonestyandhelpfulness,thechancesarethatyouwillbethoughtasagoodlookingperson,foranewstudyhasfoundthattheperception认知ofphysicalattractivenessisinfluencedbyapersonspersonality.Thestudy,whichwasledbyGaryW.Lewandowski,hasfoundthatpeoplewhoexhibitnegativecharacteristics,suchasunfairnessandrudeness,appeartobelessphysicallyattractivetoobservers.Inthestudy,theparticipantsviewedphotographsofoppositesexindividualsandratedthemforattractivenessbeforeandafterbeingprovidedwithinformationabouttheirpersonalities.Afterpersonalityinformationwasreceived,participantsalsoratedtheprobabilityofeachindividualsbeingafriendandadatingpartner.Informationonpersonalitywasfoundtosignificantlychangetheprobability,showingthatcognitive认知的processesmodify修改judgmentsofattractiveness.“Thinkingapersonashavingadesirablepersonalitymakesthepersonmoresuitableingeneralasacloserelationshippartnerofanykind,”saidLewandowski.Thefindingsshowthatapositivepersonalityleadstogreaterexpectationofbeingfriends,whichleadstogreaterexpectationofbeingromanticpartnersand,finally,tobeingviewedasmorephysicallyattractive.Thefindingsremainedconsistentregardlessofhow“attractive”theindividualwasformerlythoughttobeoroftheparticipantscurrentrelationshipstatus.“Thisresearchprovidesapositiveoutebyremindingpeoplethatpersonalitygoesalongwaytowarddeterminingyourattractiveness;itcanevenchangepeoplesimpressionsofhowgoodlookingyouare,”saidLewandowski.【语篇导读】 据最新研究表明,一个人外表的吸引力会受到他性格的影响,一个拥有积极个性的人会被认为是最有吸引力的人20.Inthestudytheparticipantswererequiredto________.A.trytomakefriendswitheachotherB.trytoprovepositivecharactersmakepeoplemoreattractiveC.exhibitnegativecharacterssuchasunfairnessandrudenessD.rateonesattractivenessbyphotosbeforeandafterknowingherorhispersonality答案D[事实细节题文章第二段最后一句Inthestudy,theparticipants...ratedthemforattractivenessbeforeandafterbeingprovidedwithinformationabouttheirpersonalities参与者……在得知照片人物的性格的前后分别对他们的吸引力做出评估,故选D]21.WhatstheCORRECTorderofhowcognitiveprocessesmodifyjudgmentsofattractivenessa.findapersonwithapositivepersonalityb.viewthepersonmorephysicallyattractivec.wanttomakefriendswiththepersond.wanttobehis/herromanticpartnerA.a→c→d→bB.d→c→b→aC.c→b→a→dD.a→d→c→b答案A[事实细节题根据文章倒数第二段apositivepersonalityaleadstogreaterexpectationofbeingfriendsc积极的性格会产生做朋友的期待,beingfriends,whichleadstogreaterexpectationofbeingromanticpartnersd做朋友会产生成为恋爱伙伴的期待,finally,tobeingviewedasmorephysicallyattractiveb最后会觉得对方更加有吸引力,故选A]22.WhichofthefollowingisWRONGaccordingtothepassageA.Theresearchremindspeopletopaymoreattentiontothepersonality.B.Personalitycanchangepeoplesimpressionsofonesappearance.C.Thejudgmentofonesattractivenessalwaysstaysunchanged.D.Positivepersonalitymayleadtomorefriends.答案C[事实细节题根据文章第一段中的theperception认知ofphysicalattractivenessisinfluencedbyapersonspersonality一个人外表的吸引力受到他性格的影响,或最后一段中的itcanevenchangepeoplesimpressionsofhowgoodlookingyouare这甚至能够改变一个人对你有多好看的看法可知对一个人吸引力的判断是会改变的,不是一成不变的unchanged,故C选项的说法不对,选C]23.Thepassageiswritteninan________tone.A.subjectiveB.objectiveC.scepticalD.negative答案B[推理判断题文章客观介绍了一个实验的结果,作者的语气是objective客观的subjective主观的,sceptical怀疑的,negative消极的,均不符合文章的描述]24.WhoaretheintendedreadersofthispassageA.Peoplewithpositivecharacteristics.B.Goodlookingpeople.C.Peoplewithnegativecharacteristics.D.Generalpeople.答案D[推理判断题本文是对一个实验的客观介绍,目标读者就是普通群众generalpeople,故选D]xx高考英语阅读理解--历史类Everybodyhatesitbuteverybodydoesit.Arecentreportsaidthat40%ofAmericanshatetipping.InAmericaalonetippingisa$16billion-a-yearindustry.Consumersactingpolitelyoughtnottopaymorethantheyhavetoforagivenservice.Tipsshouldnotexist.SowhydotheyThemonopinioninthepastwasthattipsbothrewardedtheeffortsofgoodserviceandreducedunfortablefeelingsofinequality.Andalsotippingmakesforcloserrelations.Itwentwithoutsayingthatthebettertheservicethebiggerthetip.ButaccordingtoanewresearchfromCornellUniversitytipsnolongerserveanyusefulfunction.Thepaperanalyzesnumberstheygotfrom2547groupsdiningat20differentrestaurants.Theconnectionbetweenlargertipsandbetterservicewasveryweak.Onlyatinypartofthesizeofthetiphadanythingtodowiththequalityofservice.Tippingisbetterexplainedbyculturethanbythemoneypeoplespend.InAmericathecustomcameintobeingalongtimeago.Itisregardedaspartoftheacceptedcostofaservice.InNewYorkrestaurantsfailingtotipatleastl5%couldwellmeandissatisfactionfromthecustomers.Hairdresserscanexpecttogetl5%-20%andthemanwhodeliversyourfastfood$
2.InEuropetippingislessmon.Inmanyrestaurantstheamountoftipisdecidedbyastandardservicecharge.InmanyAsiancountriestippinghasneverreallycaughtonatall.Onlyafewhavereallytakentotipping.AccordingtoMichaelLynntheCornellpapersauthorcountriesinwhichpeoplearemoresocialoroutgoingtendtotipmore.Tippingmayreduceanxietyaboutbeingservedbystrangers.AndMr.Lynnsays“InAmericawherepeopleareexpressiveandeagertomixupwithotherstippingisaboutsocialapproval.Ifyoutipbadlypeoplethinklessofyou.Tippingwellisachancetoshowoff.【小题1】Thispassageismainlyabout________.A.differentkindsoftippingindifferentcountriesB.therelationshipbetweentippingandcustomC.theoriginandpresentmeaningoftippingD.mostAmericanpeoplehatetipping【小题2】WhichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedphrasecaughtonA.beepopular.B.beenhated.C.beenstopped.D.beenpermitted【小题3】AmongthefollowingsituationsinyouropinionwhoislikelytotipmostA.AFrenchmanjustquarreledwiththebarberwhodidhishairbadlyinNewYork.B.AnAmericanjusthadawonderfuldinnerinawellknownrestaurantinNewYork.C.AJapanesebusinessmanaskedforapizzadeliveryfromaPizzaHutinNewYork.D.AChinesestudentenjoyedhismealinafamousfastfoodrestaurantinNewYork.【小题4】Wecaninferfromthispassagethat________.A.tippingisnolongeragoodwaytosatisfysomecustomersthemselvesB.tippingisespeciallypopularinNewYorkC.tippinginAmericacanmakeservicebetternowD.tippinghassomethingtodowithpeoplescharacterxx高考英语阅读理解--历史类Bathsandbathinghavelongbeenconsideredofmedicalimportancetoman.InGreecetherearetheruinsofawatersystemforbathsbuiltover3000yearsago.TheRomanshadwarmpublicbaths.Insomebathsasmany3000personscouldbatheatthesametime.Treatingdiseasebytakingbathinghasbeenpopularforcenturies.ModernmedicalbathingfirstbecamepopularinEuropeandbythelate1700’shasalsobeepopularintheUnitedStates.Formanyyearsfrequentbathingwasbelievedtobebadforone’shealth.Ordinarybathingjusttokeepcleanwasavoidedandperfumewasoftenusedtocoverupbodysmells!Bythe1700’sdoctorsbegantosaythatsoapandwaterweregoodforhealth.Theybelievedthatitwasgoodforpeopletobeclean.Slowlypeoplebegantobathemorefrequently.DuringtheVictorianAgeofthelate19thcenturytakingabathonSaturdaynightbecamemon.IntheUnitedStatesordinarybathingwasslowtobeepopular.Duringthe18thandearly19thcenturiesmanyAmericanswereknownas“TheGreatUnwashed!”InoneAmericancityforexampleapersonwasonlyallowedtotakeabatheverythirtydays!Thatwasalaw!Frequencyofbathingtodayispartlyamatterofhabit.PeopleknowthatbathingforcleanlinessisimportanttohealthDoctorsknowthatdirtybodiesincreasethechanceofdiseases.AsaresultintheUnitedStatespeoplegenerallybatheoften.Somepeoplebatheonceadayatleast.Theyconsideradailybathessential togoodhealth.【小题1】Awatersystemforbathswasbuiltby_______over3000yearsago.A.theRomansB.theGreeksC.theAmericansD.theEuropeans【小题2】Dirtybodiescan_______.A.ruinone’sbusinessB.causediseaseC.drivecustomersawayD.causegoodhealth【小题3】Inthe18thcenturydoctorsbelievedthatbeingcleanwas_______.A.unimportantB.goodforhealthC.harmfulD.important【小题4】Theunderlinedwordperfumeprobablymeans________.A.asweetsmellingsubstanceB.goodhealthC.astrangesmellingsubstanceD.largewealth阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑Taxitheundergrounddriving…inLondonthesemeansoftransportareexpensive.AsastudentonabudgetIcouldntaffordthe30poundsaround300yuanfareforataxi.Evenabuswasonepoundand20penceabout12yuanforasingleticket.Ididntneedtotravelthiswayanyway.IhadMabel--myLondonbike.WhenImovedtoBeijinglikeeveryforeignerIwasdelightedtodiscoverIcouldtakeacabforcheaperthanasinglejourneyonthesubway.Butsomethingwaswrong.ImissedMabel.ThatwaswhenImetMandarinMabelalsoknownasMandymyBeijingbike.InmanywaysBeijingismadefor:ItisaflateasylandparedwithhillyLondon.Thecyclingcitysnorth/south/east/westsquarestructureisalsoeasiertotravelthanLondonsunplannedtwistingstreets.HoweverBeijingespletelywithitsowndangers.Therulesoftheroadareflexible.Bikescarspassers-byallfloatupanddownwaysinbothdirections.paredwithLondonsterriblecyclepathsinBeijingeveryroadhashugewidecycleways.Butcarstaxisandmotorbikesseenoreasonwhytheyshouldntusethecyclewaysasashortcutandwhytheyshouldntannounceyoutogetoutoftheirwaywhentheydo.Beijingtrafficismoregood-natured.InLondontheroadisanactivewar.Peopleshoutquarrelandbeatoneachotherswindows.InBeijingzonedriversnevergetactivelyangry.Infactoftentheyignorecyclists.Obviouslythatmeansitsuptothecycliststoseethem.MandyisatreeBeijingbike.ItisnearlybrokenitmakesloudnoiseseverytimeyourideonitandIhavehadtomakeseveralemergencyrepairstopsforit.ButcyclingroundBeijingonasunnydayisajoy.ItisjustmeMandyandthecity.
41.WhatcanweconcludefromthefirstparagraphA.BicyclesarethemostpopularmeansoftransportinLondon.B.TosavemoneytheauthorusedtravelaroundbybusinLondon.C.Theexpenseofpublictransportmakessomepeoplewanttobuyabike.D.TheauthordidnttravelaroundLondonbecauseoflackingabike.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题根据Taxitheundergrounddriving…inLondonthesemeansoftransportareexpensive.乘坐其他的公共交通费用是高的,所以一些人想要买自行车,故选C
42.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofcyclingaroundBeijingA.Thecitystwistingstreetsmakeithardfortheridertofindtheway.B.Carstaxisandmotorbikesonthecyclelaneposeathreattocyclists.C.WiththeflatlandandwidecyclelanesitssafertocycleinBeijingthaninLondon.D.CyclinginBejingissafebecauseofitsflexiblerules.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题根据HoweverBeijingespletelywithitsowndangers.Butcarstaxisandmotorbikesseenoreasonwhytheyshouldntusethecyclewaysasashortcut汽车、出租车和摩托车占用自行车的车道对骑自行车的人造成了危险,故选B
43.WhatcanweinferfromthearticleA.IntheauthorsviewBeijingdriversdrivemoresafely.B.InLondoncarstaxisandmotorbikesareallowedtousethecyclepaths.C.PeopleinLondonfollowthetrafficrulesmorecloselythanthoseinBeijing.D.MandybreaksdownsoeasilythatitmakestheauthormissherLondonbikeMabel.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题根据InLondontheroadisanactivewar.Peopleshoutquarrelandbeatoneachotherswindows.InBeijingzonedriversnevergetactivelyangry.Infactoftentheyignorecyclists.Obviouslythatmeansitsuptothecycliststoseethem.可推出在伦敦的人比北京人更加遵守交通规则,故选C
44.ThereasonwhydriversinBeijingseldomgetangryisthat______.A.thecyclewaysarefiatB.theycarelittleaboutcyclistsC.theycanevendriveonthecyclewaysD.peopleinBeijingdontoftenridebikes【答案】B【解析】细节理解题根据Infactoftentheyignorecyclists.因为开车的人很少关心骑自行车的人,故选B
45.WhatdoesthearticlemainlytalkaboutA.Totelluswhatmakestheauthorlovecycling.B.ToparecyclinginBeijingwiththatinLondon.C.TointroducethedifferencesbetweenMabelandMandy.D.ToexplainwhyBeijingismadeforcycling.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题纵观短文的内容可知对于在北京与在伦敦骑自行车的情况作了比较,故选B。