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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解精练
(1)II科普知识型阅读理解一ScientistsatHarvardUniversityandBatesCollegefindfemalechimpanzees黑猩猩appeartotreatsticksasdollscarryingthemarounduntiltheyhavechildrenoftheirown.Youngmalesengageinsuchbehaviormuchlessfrequently.ThenewworkbySonyaM.KahlenbergandRichardW.WranghamdescribedthisweekinthejournalCurrentBiologyprovidesthefirstevidenceofawildnonhumanspeciesplayingwithdollsaswellasthefirstknownsexdifferenceinawildanimal’schoiceofplaythings.Thetworesearcherssaytheirworkaddstoagrowingbodyofevidencethathumanchildrenareprobablybornwiththeirownideasofhowtheywanttobehaveratherthansimplymirroringothergirlswhoplaywithdollsandboyswhoplaywithtrucks.Dollplayamonghumanscouldhaveitsoriginsinobject—carryingbyearlierapes猿类theysaysuggestingthattoyselectionisprobablynotdueentirelytosocialization.“Inhumansthereareobvioussexdifferencesinchildren’stoyplayandtheseareremarkablysimilaracrosscultures,”saysKahlenberg.“Whilesocializationbyeldersandpeershasbeentheprimaryexplanationourworksuggeststhatbiologymayalsohaveanimportantroletoplayinactivitypreferences.”In14yearsofdataonchimpanzeebehaviorattheKibaleNationalParkinUgandaKahlenbergandWranghamcountedmorethan100examplesofstickcarrying.Someyoungchimpanzeescarriedsticksintothenesttosleepwiththemandononeoccasionbuiltaseparatenestforthestick.“Wehaveseenjuvenilesoccasionallycarryingsticksformanyyearsandbecausetheysometimestreatedthemratherlikedollswewantedtoknowifingeneralthisbehaviortendedtorepresentsomethinglikeplayingwithdolls,”saysWranghamaProfessoratHarvard.“Ifthedollhypothesis假设wasrightwethoughtthatfemalesshouldcarrysticksmorethanmalesdoandthatthechimpanzeesshouldstopcarryingstickswhentheyhadtheirfirstchild.Wehavenowwatchedenoughyoungchimpanzeestoprovebothpoints.”
1.WhatdoesafemalechimpanzeedowithsticksA.Shegivesthemtoherchildtoplaywith.B.Shetreatsthemasdolls.C.Shemakesusefultoolsfromthem.D.Shetreatsthemasweapons.
2.WhatcausesthedifferenttoyselectionofchimpanzeesaccordingtothepassageA.Sexdifference.B.Socialization.C.Environment.D.Culturaldifference.
3.Wecaninferfromthefourthparagraphthat________.A.socializationhasnothingtodowithhuman’schoiceofplaythingsB.sexdifferenceistheonlyfactorinhuman’schoiceofplaythingsC.thebiologyfactormayalsoinfluencetoychoiceD.peoplechoosedifferenttoysindifferentcultures
4.Wranghamprobablybelievesthat________.A.observingsomanychimpanzeeshasbeenenoughforthemtomakeaconclusionB.thestudyproveshumanbeingshaveevolved进化fromchimpanzeesC.allchimpanzeestreatthesticksasdollsD.childrenplayingwithsticksareabnormal
5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.A.bothhumansandchimpanzeeschoosetheirplaythingsduetosexdifferenceB.differentfactorscausehumansandchimpanzeestochoosedifferentplaythingsC.onlyfemalechimpanzeeshaveplaythingsD.chimpanzeesusuallychooseplaythingsfortheirchildren【解析】本文是科普文研究发现,雌性黑猩猩喜欢把棍子当作自己的玩具娃娃 1.B 细节理解题从文章第一段可知,雌性黑猩猩把棍子当作自己的玩具娃娃 2.A 细节理解题综合分析文章可知,性别差异是导致黑猩猩玩具选择差异的主要原因 3.C 推理判断题从第四段可知,这两位科学家的研究表明生物学因素也可能影响对玩具的偏好 4.A 推理判断题从第五段最后一句可知答案 5.A 推理判断题综合文章信息可知,无论是人类还是黑猩猩,性别是导致玩具选择差异的重要原因科普知识型阅读理解二Wehavemettheenemyandheisours.Weboughthimatapetshop.WhenmonkeypoxadiseaseusuallyfoundintheAfricanrainforestsuddenlyturnsupinchildrenintheAmericanMidwestit’shardnottowonderifthediseasethatesfromforeignanimalsishominginonhumanbeings.“Mostoftheinfections感染wethinkofashumaninfectionsstartedinotheranimals,”saysStephenMorsedirectoroftheCenterforPublicHealthPreparednessatColumbiaUniversity.It’snotjustthatwe’regoingtowheretheanimalsare;we’realsobringingthemclosertous.Popularforeignpetshavebroughtawholenewdiseasetothiscountry.AstrangeillnesskilledIsaksen’spetsandshenowthinksthatkeepingforeignpetsisabadidea.“Idon’tthinkit’sfairtohavethemaspetswhenwehavesuchalimitedknowledgeofthem,”saysIsaksen.“Lawsallowingtheseanimalstobebroughtinfromdeepforestareaswithoutstrictcontrolneedchanging,”saysPeterSchantz.Monkeypoxmaybethe_wakeup_call.Researchersbelieveinfectedanimalsmayinfecttheirowners.Weknowverylittleaboutthesenewdiseases.Anewbug病毒maybekindatfirst.Butitmaydevelopintosomethingharmful.Monkeypoxdoesn’tlookamajorinfectiousdisease.Butitisnotimpossibletopassthediseasefrompersontoperson.
1.WelearnfromParagraph1thatthepetsoldattheshopmay________.A.efromColumbiaB.preventusfrombeinginfectedC.enjoybeingwithchildrenD.sufferfrommonkeypox
2.WhydidIsaksenadvisepeoplenottohaveforeignpetsA.Theyattackhumanbeings.B.Weneedtostudynativeanimals.C.Theycan’tliveoutoftherainforest.D.Wedonotknowmuchaboutthemyet.
3.Whatdoesthephrase“thewakeupcall”inParagraph3mostprobablymeanA.anewdiseaseB.aclearwarningC.adangerousanimalD.amorningcall
4.Thetextsuggeststhatinthefuturewe________.A.mayhavetofightagainstmorenewdiseasesB.mayeasilygetinfectedbydiseasesfromdogsC.shouldnotbeallowedtohavepetsD.shouldstopbuyingpetsfromAfrica
5.Thelastparagraphmeans________.A.weshouldhavelawstostophavingpetsathomeB.wildanimalsshouldn’tbeadoptedaspetsC.lawsshouldbepassedtoavoidpets’diseasesspreadingD.peoplewithpetsshouldbestayedathome【解析】饲养宠物可能被传播疾病猴痘本是非洲雨林中的一种疾病,现在突然出现在美国西部的孩子们身上大多数人们认为只有人类才会感染的疾病其实就是来自动物国家要制定严格的法律,以防止动物把疾病传播给人类 1.D 根据Wehavemettheenemyandheisours.Weboughthimatapetshop.WhenmonkeypoxadiseaseusuallyfoundintheAfricanrainforestsuddenlyturnsupinchildrenintheAmericanMidwestit’shardnottowonderifthediseasethatesfromforeignanimalsishominginonhumanbeings.可推断,从宠物商店购买的动物身上携带疾病2.D 根据AstrangeillnesskilledIsaksen’spetsandshenowthinksthatkeepingforeignpetsisabadidea.“Idon’tthinkit’sfairtohavethemaspetswhenwehavesuchalimitedknowledgeofthem,”可判断 3.B 根据上文,猴痘是一种从非洲的动物身上传播到人类身上的疾病,紧接着作者说这种没有经过严格控制的法律需要改变最后又以猴痘为例,由此可判断“thewakeupcall”表示“一种警示”4.A 根据Weknowverylittleaboutthesenewdiseases.Anewbug病毒maybekindatfirst.Butitmaydevelopintosomethingharmful.可知新的病毒会转化成有害的东西,最后导致人与人的传播,因此我们必须与新的疾病作斗争 5.C 最后一段大意我们必须改变不检疫而引进野生动物的规定,这样才能避免疾病的传播说理议论(阅读理解)由xx南充高三第一次适应性考试改编Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplearetrappedintoobusyworktorelaxthemselves.Wehavenotimetotellabed-timestorytoourchildrenorenjoyanicedinnerwithourfamilyortakeabreaktothinkabouthowwelivethepreciouslifeorevenmeetfriends.Allwenoticeisthatthedistinctionsthatusedtoguideandsteadyus—betweenSundayandMondaypublicandprivatehereandthere—aregone.Wehavemorewaystomunicatebutlessandlesstosaypartlybecausewe’resobusymunicating.Maybethat’swhymoreandmorepeopleIknoweveniftheyhavenoreligiousmitmentseemtobeturningtoyogaormeditationortaichi.SomefriendsofminetrytogoonlongwalkseverySundayorto“forget”theircellphonesathome.Aseriesoftestsinrecentyearshasshownthatafterspendingtimeinquietruralsettingssubjectsexhibitgreaterattentivenessstrongermemoryandgenerallyimprovedcognition.Theirbrainsbeebothcalmerandsharper.Morethanthatsympathyaswellasdeepthoughtdependsonneuralprocessesthatare“inherentlyslow”theveryonesourhigh-speedliveshavelittletimefor.InmyowncaseIturntounusualandoftenextrememeasurestotrytokeepmygoodsenseandensurethatIhavetimetodonothingatall.I’venotyetusedacellphoneandI’venevertweetedorenteredFacebook.Itrynottogoonlinetillmyday’swritingisfinishedandImovedfromManhattantoruralJapan.Noneofthisisamatterofprincipleorasceticism苦行主义:it’sjustpureselfishness.Nothingmakesmefeelbettercalmerclearerandhappierthanbeinginoneplaceabsorbedinabookaconversationapieceofmusic.It’sactuallysomethingdeeperthanmerehappiness:it’sjoywhichthemonkDavidSteindl-Rastdescribesas“thatkindofhappinessthatdoesn’tdependonwhathappens.”ThatisthehighestofthehighestwehavebeenlongingforTheJoyofQuiet.
1.Thewritersometimesdoesn’tdoanythingbecause . A.heisoutofworkB.whateverhedoesmakesnosenseC.heisworriedabouthiswritingD.hecanenjoyhimselfinhisleisuretime
2.Whenthewriterusestheword“forget”hisrealmeaningisthat . A.somebodyreallyforgetshiscellphoneathomeB.somebodyleaveshiscellphoneathomeonpurposeC.somebodyhatesmoderntechniquessuchasthecellphoneD.somebodythinkscellphoneisnotasuitablemeansofmunication
3.Theunderlinedword“distinctions”means . A.outeB.similarityC.differenceDplication
4.Whatisthemainideaofthearticle A.Itisimportanttospendtimeinquietcircumstances.B.Wecandosomesportssuchasyogatorelax.C.Principleorasceticismisimportantinone’slife.D.Themorewemunicatethemorewewillbecloser.语篇解读:快节奏的生活繁忙的工作使人们没有时间去考虑如何珍惜宝贵的生命和朋友的友谊所以越来越多的人们正在努力去找回那份安静带来的快乐答案及剖析:
1.D 推理判断题由文章倒数第二段的描述可知作者有时会采取不寻常、甚至是极端的措施以确保自己什么也不做以此让自己充分享受闲下来的生活故选D项
2.B 推理判断题由文章第二段的描述可知作者的一些朋友为了享受到片刻的宁静尽力出去长时间的散步或故意把手机落在家里故B项正确
3.C 词义猜测题由画线部分后面的定语从句thatusedtoguideandsteadyus—betweenSundayandMondaypublicandprivatehereandthere...可知此处指那些曾经指引和使我们生活稳固的而不同于现在的东西故C项正确
4.A 主旨大意题由全文内容尤其是最后一段的描述可知生活在一个节奏快、压力大的世界里幸福的最高境界是安静带来的快乐故A项正确【长难句子分析】 我们都注意到那些不同的特质已经一去不复返了那些东西曾经时时处处地指引着我们的生活并且稳固着我们的生活。