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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解精练
(1)文化教育型阅读专题导读文化教育类阅读理解的文章属高考常选材料之一,它以中西文化差异作为选材的重点,常涉及文化、教育、法制、宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、各国学校教育、家庭教育等,重视语言和文化的关系阅读材料更多地涉及社会文化背景知识因此,要通过阅读更多地了解并丰富自己的社会文化背景知识这类材料的命题点往往在主旨大意题、事实细节题上在做这类阅读理解题时,应注意以下几个方面1采用先题后文先读题目,再带着问题读文章这类阅读理解文章相对来说事实细节题稍多一些,如果带着问题读文章,有利于我们抓细节2先做细节题因为做完了局部性的事实细节题后,自然会加深我们对文章的理解,这样更有利于做主旨大意题3重点敲定主旨题主旨大意题提问的形式主要有两大类一类是Mainidea型;一类是Topic或Title型真题典例【xx·广东卷】CandogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehomePeoplewhoarethinkingaboutadoptingadogasafriendfortheircatareworriedthattheywillfight.Arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeforsuccess.Accordingtothestudyifthecatisadoptedbeforethedogandiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyounglessthan6monthsforcatsayearfordogsitishighlyprobablethatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly.Twothirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog.Howeveritwasn’tallsweetnessandlight.Therewasareportedcoldnessbetweenthecatanddogin25%ofthehomeswhileaggressionandfightingwereobservedin10%ofthehomes.Onereasonforthisisprobablythatsomeoftheirbodysignalsarejustopposite.Forexamplewhenacatturnsitsheadawayitsignalsaggressionwhileadogdoingthesamesignalssubmission.Inhomeswithcatsanddogslivingpeacefullyresearchersobservedasurprisingbehavior.Theyarelearninghowtotalkeachother’slanguage.Itisasurprisethatcatscanlearnhowtotalk‘Dog’,anddogscanlearnhowtotalk‘Cat’.What’sinterestingisthatbothcatsanddogshaveappearedtodeveloptheirintelligence.Theycanlearntoreadeachother’sbodysignalssuggestingthatthetwomayhavemoreinmonthanwaspreviouslysuspected.Oncefamiliarwitheachother’spresenceandbodylanguagecatsanddogscanplaytogethergreeteachothernosetonoseandenjoysleepingtogetheronthesofa.Theycaneasilysharethesamewaterbowlandinsomecasesgroom梳理eachother.Thesignificanceofthisresearchoncatsanddogsmaygobeyondpets—topeoplewhodon’tgetalongincludingneighborscolleaguesatworkandevenworldsuperpowers.Ifcatsanddogscanlearntogetalongsurelypeoplehaveagoodchance.
1.TheunderlinedwordswimminglyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto________.A.early B.sweetlyC.quicklyD.smoothly
2.Somecatsanddogsmayfightwhen________.A.theyarecoldtoeachotherB.theylookawayfromeachotherC.theymisunderstandeachother’ssignalsD.theyareintroducedatanearlyage
3.WhatisfoundsurprisingaboutcatsanddogsA.Theyeatandsleeptogether.B.Theyobserveeachother’sbehaviors.C.Theylearntospeakeachother’slanguage.D.Theyknowsomethingfromeachother’svoices.
4.ItissuggestedinParagraph4thatcatsanddogs________.A.havemoninterestsB.arelessdifferentthanwasthoughtC.haveamonbodylanguageD.arelessintelligentthanwasexpected
5.WhatcanwehumanbeingslearnfromcatsanddogsA.Weshouldlearntoliveinharmony.B.Weshouldknowmoreaboutanimals.C.Weshouldliveinpeacewithanimals.D.Weshouldlearnmorebodylanguages.【解析】本文是一篇说明文通过科学研究表明猫和狗在一定的情况下是能够和平相处的,而他们不能和平相处是由他们误解了彼此的身势语而造成的但有趣的是猫和狗能够相互学习彼此的身势语,这样他们就能和平相处 1.D 词义猜测题由第一段“Arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeforsuccess...”可知猫和狗也可以平静友好地相处,因此意义最接近的是D项 2.C 细节理解题根据第二段“whileaggressionandfightingwereobservedin10%ofthehomes.Onereasonforthisisprobablythatsomeoftheirbodysignalsarejustopposite.”可知选C3.C 细节理解题根据文章第三段“Inhomeswithcatsanddogslivingpeacefullyresearchersobservedasurprisingbehaviour.Theyarelearninghowtotalkeachother’slanguage.”可知选C 4.B 细节理解题根据文章第四段中的“Theycanlearntoreadeachother’sbodysignalssuggestingthatthetwomayhavemoreinmonthanwaspreviouslysuspected.”可知选B 5.A 推理判断题根据文章的最后一段可知广告应用型阅读理解二LIPITORABOUTLIPITOR·Lipitorisaprescriptionmedicine.Alongwithdietandexercise,itlowers“bad”cholesterol胆固醇inyourblood.Itcanalsoraise“good”cholesterol.·Lipitorcanlowertheriskofheartattackinpatientswithseveralmonriskfactors,includingfamilyhistoryofearlyheartdisease,highbloodpressure,ageandsmoking.WHOISLIPITORFORWhocantakeLIPITOR·Peoplewhocannotlowertheircholesterolenoughwithdietandexercise·Adultsandchildrenover10WhoshouldNOTtakeLIPITOR·Womenwhoarepregnant,maybepregnant,ormaybeepregnant.Lipitormayharmyourunbornbaby.·womenwhoarebreastfeeding.Lipitorcanpassintoyourbreastmilkandmayharmyourbaby.·Peoplewithliver肝脏problems.POSSIBLESIDEEFFECTSOFLIPITORSerioussideeffectsinasmallnumberofpeople·Muscle肌肉problemsthatcanleadtokidney肾脏problems,includingkidneyfailure.·Liverproblems.YourdoctormaydobloodteststocheckyourliverbeforeyoustartLipitorandwhileyouaretakingit.Callyourdoctorrightawayifyouhave·Unexplainedmusclepainorweakness,especiallyifyouhaveafeverorfeelverytired.·Swellingoftheface,lips,tongue,and/orthroatthatmaycausedifficultyinbreathingorswallowing.·Stomachpain.SomemonsideeffectsofLIPITORare·Musclepain·Upsetstomach·ChangesinsomebloodtestsHOWTOTAKELIPITORDo·TakeLipitorasprescribedbyyourdoctor.·TrytoeathearthealthyfoodswhileyoutakeLipitor.·TakeLipitoratanytimeofdaywithorwithoutfood.·Ifyoumissadose一剂,takeitassoonasyouremember.Butifithasbeenmorethan12hourssinceyourmisseddose,wait.Takethenextdoseatyourregulartime.Don’t·Donotchangeorstopyourdosebeforetalkingtoyourdoctor.·Donotstartnewmedicinesbeforetalkingtoyourdoctor.
1.WhatisamajorfunctionofLipitorA.Tohelpquitsmoking.B.Tocontrolbloodpressure.C.Toimproveunhealthydiet.D.Tolower“bad”cholesterol.
2.TakingLipitorishelpfulfor__________.A.breastfeedingwomenB.womenwhoarepregnantC.adultshavingheartdiseaseD.teenagerswithliverproblems
3.Ifithasbeenover12hourssinceyoumissedadoseyoushould________.A.changetheamountofyournextdoseB.eatmorewhentakingyournextdoseC.haveadoseassoonasyourememberD.takethenextdoseatyourregulartime
4.WhichofthefollowingisamonsideeffectoftakingLipitorA.Faceswelling.B.Upsetstomach.C.Kidneyfailure.D.Muscleweakness.
5.WhatisthemainpurposeofthepassageA.Toteachpatientswaysforquickrecovery.B.Topresentareportonascientificresearch.C.Toshowtheimportanceofagoodlifestyle.D.Togiveinformationaboutakindofmedicine.【解析】本文为药品说明主要介绍了药品的作用、适用人群、副作用及服药的相关注意事项 1.D 细节理解题根据“Alongwithdietandexercise,itlowers‘bad’cholesterol胆固醇inyourblood.Itcanalsoraise‘good’cholesterol.”可判断选D 2.C 细节理解题根据“Lipitorcanlowertheriskofheartattackinpatientswithseveralmonriskfactors,includingfamilyhistoryofearlyheartdisease,highbloodpressure,ageandsmoking.”和“Adultsandchildrenover10”可判断选C3.D 细节理解题根据“Ifyoumissadose一剂,takeitassoonasyouremember.Butifithasbeenmorethan12hourssinceyourmisseddose,wait.Takethenextdoseatyourregulartime.”可判断选D 4.B 细节理解题根据“SomemonsideeffectsofLIPITORare:MusclepainUpsetstomachChangesinsomebloodtests”可判断选B 5.D 推理判断题文章先总体介绍药品“Lipitor”的作用,接着介绍药品的适用人群及不适用人群,然后介绍药品的副作用,最后介绍服药的注意事项由此可判断选D科普知识(阅读理解) 由xx浙江宁波高三上期末改编Theheatengineiscertainlyoneofthemostimportantdevicesthatmaneverinvented.Initssimplestmeaningtheheatengineisadevicethattransformsheatenergyintootherformsofenergysuchasmechanicalandelectricalenergy.Agreatmajorityoftheenginesusedtodaylieunderthecontributionsthattheheatenginemadeinthefieldsofindustrytransportationandtheproductionofelectricitygivesusadeeperandmoredetailedlookattheimportanceofheatengines.TheheatenginehadagreatroleintheIndustrialRevolutionofthenineteenthcentury.Scientistsdevelopedmachinesbasedonheatengineswhichcouldincreasetheamountofgoodsproducedandatthesametimedecreasetheamountoftimeandmoneyconsumed.Themanufacturedgoodsbecameaffordabletoalmosteveryoneandtheywerenotaluxuryanymore.Aftertheintroductionoftheheatengineintheindustrialfieldtheconceptofmassproductionwasfirstrealizedandindustryboomedasneverbefore.Throughhistorymanhasalwaystriedtoinventefficientmeansoftransportation.Howeveritwasnotuntiltheinventionoftheheatenginethatthisbecamepossible.Anewerareplacedtheolderaofanimal-poweredtransportationanerawhosecharacteristicswerespeedandfort.Thetrainwasthefirstmeansoftransportationthatusedtheheatengineanditintroducednewhorizonsoflong-distancetraveling.Howevertherewasanothermachinethatreplacedthehorseasapersonalmeansoftransportation.Itwascalledthecaranditalsousedtheheatengine.Theachievementsofthecarinafewdecadeswipedoutcenturiesofhorsetransportation.Scientistsrealizedtheimportanceofelectricitysincethedayitwasdiscovered.Unfortunatelyelectricitywasnotavailableinnaturefordirectuse.Scientistshadtoeupwithwaysofproducingit.Hereagaintheheatenginewasusedtoproducemechanicalenergywhichinturncanproduceelectricity.Todaymanypower-producingstationsallovertheworldstilluseheatengines.Theyusecoalorfueloiltoevaporatewaterthenthesteamisusedtoturnaturbinewhichcanproduceelectricity.Inconclusionheatenginesprovedtobeoneofthemostimportantinventions.Itisenoughtoobservetheimportanceofindustrytransportationandelectricityinourlivestoknowtheimportanceofheatengines.Althoughtheenginesusedtodayarequitedifferentfromtheearlyonesthesameconceptofchangingheatintootherkindsofenergyisstillused.
1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout A.Theimportanceofelectricity.B.Theimportanceofheatenergy.C.Theimportanceoftheheatengine.D.Theimportanceofmeansoftransportation.
2.Theunderlinedword“transforms”inPara.1canbebestreplacedby . A.changesB.dividesC.adaptsD.breaks
3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEafterthescientistusedheatengineinindustry A.Heatenginesgreatlypromotedindustry.B.Moremoneyandlesstimewerespentinproducinggoods.C.Manufacturedgoodsdecreasedalotbecauseofmassproduction.D.Theinventionoftheheatengineresultedintheinventionofelectricity.
4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage A.Theanimal-poweredtransportationwasslowbutfortable.B.Theheatengineisthegreatestinventioneverinthehistoryofindustry.C.Thecarisameansofpersonaltransportationthatisbasedontheheatengine.D.Beforetheinventionoftheheatenginetheanimalwastheonlymeansoftransportation.语篇解读:本文讲述了一项重要发明“热力发动机”的重要性和为人类所做出的贡献答案及剖析:
1.C 主旨大意题由全文内容尤其是最后一段的Inconclusionheatenginesprovedtobeoneofthemostimportantinventions...可知本文主要是关于热力发动机自发明以来在很多方面所起的重要作用故选C项
2.A 词义猜测题由第一段关于热力发动机的定义...theheatengineisadevicethattransformsheatenergyintootherformsofenergysuchasmechanicalandelectricalenergy可知热力发动机就是把热能转化成如机械能和电能的一种设备故选A项
3.A 细节理解题由第二段的Scientistsdevelopedmachinesbasedonheatengineswhichcouldincreasetheamountofgoodsproducedandatthesametimedecreasetheamountoftimeandmoneyconsumed...可知机器的使用提高了产量减少了生产时间和劳动成本故A项正确其他三项与文章内容不符
4.C 推理判断题由第四段的...Itwascalledthecaranditalsousedtheheatengine可知C项正确由第三段的Anewerareplacedtheolderaofanimal-poweredtransportationanerawhosecharacteristicswerespeedandfort可排除A项;由文章的首句和最后一段的第一句话可排除B项;由第三段的...animal-powered...可排除D项【疑难词汇解读】
1.decreasev.n.降低;下降减少Thenumberoftheworkersinthatfactoryisdecreasing.那家工厂的工人的数量在下降
2.affordableadj.付得起的Nowhousesareaffordabletomostpeople.现在多数人都能买得起房子【长难句子分析】以热力发动机为基础科学家们制造了机器这大大提高产品数量的同时也降低了生产所需要的时间和成本。