还剩9页未读,继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
文本内容:
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解练习
(1)II高考英语阅读理解考前精讲精练(答案)阅读理解解题指导阅读理解历来都是高考英语试卷中难度最大、区分度最高的题型,它要求考生理解文章的主旨和要义;理解文中的具体信息;根据上下文推断生词的词义;理解文章的基本结构;理解作者的意图、观点和态度等下面我们来探讨一下高考阅读理解的解题思路
一、主旨大意题此类题型主要考查考生的归纳、概括等能力一种命题方式是对整篇文章或者某一段落大意的概括,提问方式一般是Whatisthetextmainlyabout/Whatisthemainideaofthetext/thesecondparagraph;另一种命题方式是提炼文章的标题,其提问方式一般是Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext阅读时,文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句特别重要,因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题有时候,文章或段落中没有明确的主题句,需要我们根据所提供的信息归纳出文章或段落的主旨大意同时要注意提炼文章的关键词此外,标题类题目还要追求语言的生动和趣味性如xx江苏卷B篇We’veconsideredseveralwaysofpayingtocutinline:hiringlinestandersbuyingticketsfromscalpers票贩子orpurchasingline-cuttingprivilegesdirectlyfromsayanairlineoranamusementpark.Eachofthesedealsreplacesthemoralsofthequeuewaitingyourturnwiththemoralsofthemarketpayingapriceforfasterservice.
60.Thepassageismeantto .A.justifypayingforfasterservicesB.discussthemoralsofallocatingthingsC.analyzethereasonforstandinginlineD.criticizethebehaviorofqueuejumping解析文章主要阐述了两种不同的分配方式,即传统的waitingforyourturn和市场竞争中出现的payingapriceforfasterservice第一段引出本文话题,揭示文章主题xx安徽卷B篇Usingtoomuchwaterorthrowingrubbishintoourriversareclearwaysthathumanscanputourwatersupplyindangerbutwealsoaffectourwatersupplyinlessobviousways.Youmaywonderhowpaving铺砌aroadcanleadtolessuseablefreshwater.Amajorpartofthewaterweuseeverydayisgroundwater.Groundwaterdoesnotefromlakesorrivers.Itesfromunderground.Themoreroadsandparkinglotswepavethelesswatercanflowintothegroundtobeegroundwater.
63.Thetextismainlyabout______.A.whypavingroadsreducesourwaterB.howmuchwedependonwatertoliveC.whydroughtsoccurmoreindryclimatesD.howhumanactivityaffectsourwatersupply解析文章主要介绍了由于一些不合理的人类活动,导致了水资源的短缺,呼吁大家从我做起,从小事做起来保护水资源文章的第一句就揭示了文章的主题人类活动影响着水资源的供应xx天津卷C篇PoetWilliamStaffordoncesaidthatwearedefinedmorebythedetours绕行路inlifethanbythenarrowroadtowardgoals.Ilikethisimage.ButitwasquitebyaccidentthatIdiscoveredthedeepmeaningofhiswords.
50.WhatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassageA.CharmoftheDetourB.TheRoadtoBraveryC.CreativityoutofNecessityD.RoadTripandCountryLife解析作者以诗人WilliamStafford对绕行道的理解引题,加上自己的亲身经历,进一步理解了绕行道更深刻的意义——它会让你发现旅行中最好的部分,也发现最好的自己由此我们概括出文章的标题绕路的魅力
二、细节理解题细节理解题主要考查考生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力它的设题方式主要有以下两种
1.以whatwhowhichwhenwherewhyhow等特殊疑问句的方式来提问,针对文章中的具体事物、人物、时间、地点、原因目的、方式等来设问考查解这类题时,大家可以带着问题去阅读文章,最后采用“对号入座”的办法,把原文信息跟后面的题目对照,最后确定出正确答案如:xx江苏卷D篇Isaycleverbecauseanti-slaveryfictionhadbeentheimportantpartoftheliteratureintheyearsbeforetheCivilWar.H.B.Stowe’sUncleTom’sCabinisonlythemostfamousexample.Theseearlystoriesdealtdirectlywithslavery.WithminorexceptionsTwainplantedhisattacksonslaveryandprejudiceintotalesthatwereonthesurfaceaboutsomethingelseentirely.Hedrewhisreadersintotheargumentbydrawingthemintothestory.
65.HowdoTwain’snovelsonslaverydifferfromStowe’sA.Twainwasmorewillingtodealwithracism.B.Twain’sattackonracismwasmuchlessopen.C.Twain’sthemesseemedtoagreewithplots.D.Twainwasopenlyconcernedwithracism.解析根据文中信息,Stowe的小说正面抨击奴隶制问题,而马克•吐温则通过故事来抨击奴隶制和种族歧视,可见马克•吐温对种族歧视的抨击不那么公开xx课标卷IA篇Somepeoplewilldojustaboutanythingtosavemoney.AndIamoneofthem.Takemyfamily’slastvacation.Itwasmysix-year-oldson’swinterbreakfromschoolandwewereheadinghomeformFortLauderdaleafteraweeklongtrip.TheflightwasoverbookedandDeltatheairlineofferedus$400perpersonincreditstogiveupourseatsandleavethenextday.IhadmeetingsinNewYorksoIhadtogetback.Butthatdidn’tmeanmyhusbandandmysoncouldn’tstay.Itookmynine-month-oldandtookoffforhome.
56.WhydidDeltagivetheauthor’sfamilycreditsA.Theytookalaterflight.B.Theyhadearlybookings.C.Theirflighthadbeendelayed.D.Theirflighthadbeencancelled.解析本文为夹叙夹议文作者通过讲述自己的亲身经历来阐明观点,即如何获取金钱的最大利用价值,从而理性消费利用关键词查询可以在第一段中找到TheflightwasoverbookedandDeltatheairlineofferedus$400perpersonincreditstogiveupourseatsandleavethenextday这些相关信息由该句可知,因为航班超员,航空公司Delta以信用卡的形式补偿我们每人400美金,要我们放弃座位,第二天再离开故选A项他们乘坐了较晚的航班
2.以不完整的句子形式,针对文章的某个细节设题,考查考生对此事实细节的认定和理解能力如xx课标卷IB篇OrdonewbornssimplyprefermoretofewerThesameexperimentbutwiththreespotsshownbeforetwoshowsthesamereturnofinterestwhenthenumberofspotschanges.PerhapsitisjustthenewnessWhenslightlyolderbabieswereshowncardswithpicturesofobjectsabakeyanorangeandsoonchangingthenumberofobjectshadaneffectseparatefromchangingtheobjectsthemselves.CoulditbethepatternthattwothingsmakeasopposedtothreeNoagain.Babiespaidmoreattentiontosquaresmovingrandomlyonascreenwhentheirnumberchangedfromtwotothreeorthreetotwo.Theeffectevencrossesbetweensenses.Babieswhowererepeatedlyshowntwospotsbecamemoreexcitedwhentheythenheardthreedrumbeatsthanwhentheyheardjusttwo;likewise同样地whentheresearchersstartedwithdrumbeatsandmovedtospots.
61.Babiesaresensitivetothechangein______.A.thesizeofcardsB.thecolourofpicturesC.theshapeofpatternsD.thenumberofobjects解析本文为科普类说明文,主要讨论了婴儿是否能感知数量这一问题根据第二段中Whenslightlyolderbabieswereshowncardswithpicturesofobjectsabakeyanorangeandsoonchangingthenumberofobjectshadaneffectseparatefromchangingtheobjectsthemselves可知,卡片上物品的数目而不是物品本身的变化对婴儿的视觉产生了影响,故选D
三、推理判断题推理判断题主要考查考生对文章的深层理解和挖掘,往往针对作者的态度或观点、文章的隐含意义、文章的写作目的、文章的体裁或者出处来设题考查题干中往往含有一些标志性词语:infersuggestimplyconclude等命题方式一般有WhatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphWhatdoesthesecondparagraphsuggestWhatattitudedoestheauthorofthetexthavetowards…Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext做推理判断题时,考生要注意挖掘文章的隐含信息,从已知获得未知,而不是凭空臆断很多文章,尤其是记叙文和议论文,其语境都有一定的褒贬性,这种褒贬性反映了作者的态度、观点及作者的写作意图考生应认真阅读文章并找出反映语境褒贬性的关键性词汇或句子,这对我们掌握文章主旨文意、把握作者观点态度,从而正确地进行逻辑推断大有好处如(xx江苏卷C篇)Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti-depressionmeanstheyclearlydidsoquickly—andmoststrangelytheylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDrRothschildthinkshappened.Hesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange.
64.Rothschildmighthaveconcludedthatichthyosaurs .A.failedtoevolveananti-depressionmeansB.graduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebendsC.diedoutbecauseoflargesharksandcrocodilesD.evolvedananti-depressionmeansbutsoonlostit解析根据文中信息,如果鱼龙确实曾经进化得到了一种抗减压病的机能,那么这种进化一定会发展很快,但是奇怪的是,它们后来失去了这一机能因此DrRothschild可能得出的结论是鱼龙没有进化得到一种抗减压病的机能xx课标卷ⅠA篇NowsomepeoplemaythinkI’mabadmotherandnotsuchagreatwifeeither.Butasabig-timebargainhunterIknowthevalueofadollar.Andthesedaysagooddealissomethingfewofuscanaffordtopassup.
57.WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorA.Sherarelymissesagooddeal.B.Sheseldommakesapromise.C.Sheisverystrictwithherchildren.D.Sheisinterestedincheapproducts.解析根据文中第三段可知,作为一名一流的讨价还价高手,作者知道每一美元的价值,由此推断,她几乎不会错过任何一笔能获利的交易,故选Axx课标卷ⅠC篇ButwhenaskedwhichauthorstheyactuallyenjoypeoplenamedJ.K.RowlingJohnGrishamSophieKinsellaahthebigsellersinotherwords.Forty-twopercentofpeopleaskedadmittedtheyturnedtothebackofthebooktoreadtheendbeforefinishingthestoryI’lleclean:Idothisandamastonishedthat58percentsaidtheyhadneverdoneso.
67.Whatistheauthor’sattitudeto58%ofreadersA.Favorable.B.Uncaring.C.Doubtful.D.Friendly.解析根据文章最后一段特别是astonished可知,作者对58%的人也产生了怀疑,故选择C项xx安徽卷A篇TheHealthyHabitsSurvey调查showsthatonlyaboutonethirdofAmericanseniorshavecorrecthabits.Herearesomefindingsandexpertadvice.
59.Thetextprobablyesfrom_____.A.aguidebookB.apopularmagazineC.abookreviewD.anofficialdocument解析本文介绍了对美国年长者健康生活习惯的调查结果及专家建议这是一份调查报告,出现的地方最可能是杂志,故选B项
四、语义猜测题语义推测题考查的可以是单词,也可以是短语或句子;可以是生词,也可以是熟词生义;还可以是代词的指代语义猜测题常见命题形式有Theunderlinedwordcanbebestreplacedby________.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto…Whatdoestheunderlinedword…probablymean语义猜测题常用解题技巧有
1.根据上下文语境进行猜测;
2.根据构词法合成、派生、转化等进行猜测;
3.根据因果、递进、对比、转折、同位等关系进行推断如xx课标卷ⅡC篇TheCRF’sproduceis“green”madewithinthecountryanddividedinto10lineswiththeAlcoholSeriesbeingthemostpopular.TheExoticSeries—withSichuanpepperredbean豆cheeseandotherflavors—alsodoeswellandisfuntotaste.AndforchocolatesnobswhothinkthattheyhaveabetterknowledgeofchocolatethanotherstheConnoisseurSeriesusescocoabeansfromTogoCubaVenezuelaandGhanaamongothers.
47.Thewords“chocolatesnobs”inParagraph3probablyrefertopeoplewho_____.A.areparticularaboutchocolateB.knowlittleaboutcocoabeansC.lookdownuponothersD.liketotrynewflavors解析根据chocolatesnobs后面的定语从句句意“他们认为自己比别人更了解巧克力”可推断出答案为A项这些人对制作巧克力的原材料很挑剔(xx江苏卷D篇)Twain’sracialtonewasnotperfect.Oneisleftuneasyforexamplebythelengthypassageinhisautobiography自传abouthowmuchhelovedwhatwerecalled“niggershows”inhisyouth—mostlywithwhitemenperforminginblack-face—andhisdelightingettinghismothertolaughatthem.YetthereisnoreasontothinkTwainsawtheshowsasrepresentingreality.Hisfrequentattacksonslaveryandprejudicesuggesthiskeenawarenessthattheydidnot.
69.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph7refertoA.Theattacks.B.Slaveryandprejudice.C.Whitemen.D.Theshows.解析根据最后两句可知,没有理由认为马克•吐温把这些戏剧看作是代表现实的,而他频繁地抨击奴隶制和偏见表明他清晰的意识,这些戏剧并不能取代现实they指前文提到的theshowsxx山东卷D篇SparrowfailedtogrowforanothertwoyearsuntilanewCEOCarlPearsondecidedtobuildupitsmarketshare.HedidasurveywhichshowedthatconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurantswereextremelypositiveaboutthechainwhilecustomersofotherfast-foodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfromthem.Sparrowhadtodevelopanewpromotionalcampaign.
72.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph2refertoA.CustomersofSparrowrestaurants.B.Sparrowrestaurants.C.Customersofotherfast-foodchains.D.Otherfast-foodchains.解析本文主要介绍了快餐连锁店Sparrow的经营遭受到了前所未有的困难,在此危难关头新的CEOCarlPearson用自己独特的经营理念拯救了它,使它一跃成为最成功的快餐连锁店之一划线单词所在句子表达为他作的调查显示那些在Sparrow消费过的顾客对其充满积极支持的态度,而其他快餐店的顾客也不愿意离开它们,由此可知them指代的是“其他的快餐连锁店”,故选D项xx北京卷A篇TheadvancedEPalsoheatstheroomevenlywalltowallandfloortoceiling.Itfortablycoversanareaupto350squarefeet.Otherheatersheatroomsunevenlywithmostoftheheatconcentratedtothecenteroftheroom.Andtheyonlyheatanareaafewfeetaroundtheheater.WiththeEPthetemperaturewillnotvaryinanypartoftheroom.
58.Theunderlinedword“evenly”inParagraph4probablymeans_____.A.continuouslyB.separatelyC.quicklyD.equally解析根据本段内容可知,此款加热器可以很均匀地加热屋子而不像其他加热器那样只加热屋子中心部分,故此题选择D项equally“平等地,均匀地”阅读理解JustoveraquarterofAmericanadultsnowreadnewsontheircellphonesaccordingtoanewreportfromthePewResearchCenter.ThesurveyresultsbeingreleasedbythegroupMondayofferanothersignofhowpeoplearechangingthewaytheygetinformation.Technologyhasbeenreshapingthenewsbusinessandthewayconsumersrelatetoitformorethanadecade.ThelatestshiftisbeingdrivenbytheexplodingpopularityofphonesthatcaneasilyaccesstheInternet.Thenewstudyfoundthat26percentofAmericansgetnewsontheirphones.Pewdoesn’thaveparabledataforsaytwoorthreeyearsago.Butevidenceoftheshiftinhabitscanbeseeninthisfinding:About43percentofthoseunder50saidtheyaremobilenewsconsumersparedwith15percentofolderrespondents.Stillsomethingsdon’tchange.Readers’No.1concernwhentheylookfornewsontheirphones:theweather.Ofthe37percentofcellphoneownerswhosaidtheyusetheInternetontheirphone72percentsaidtheycheckweatherreports.Currenteventscameinsecondwith68percent.Pew’ssurveyofferedawiderangeofstatisticsonpeople’snewshabits.Itshowedpeoplearenotrelyingononemedium.Justshyof60percentofrespondentsgetnewsfrombothonlineandofflinesources.And46percentsaidtheyusefourtosixdifferenttypesofmediaonatypicalday.TheWebisalsohelpingtoturnthenewsintomoreofasocialexperience:Morethan80percentofrespondentsgetorreceivenewsviae-mailedlinks.Theresultswerebasedontelephoneinterviewswith2259peopleovertheageof18conductedbetweenDec.28andJan.
19.Forquestionstothatentiregroupthemarginoferrorwas
2.3percentagepoints.OnquestionstojustInternetusersthemarginwas
2.7percentagepoints.
1.WhycanmoreAmericanadultsreadnewsontheircellphonesA.Becausetheywanttobeecool.B.Becausetheywanttolookfashionable.C.BecausetheyhavephonesaccessingtheInternet.D.Becausereadingnewsoncellphoneisfree.
2.WhatconclusioncanwedrawfromthesecondparagraphA.Oldercellphoneownersaremorelikelytolookfornewsontheirphones.B.Youngercellphoneownersaremorelikelytolookfornewsontheirphones.C.Oldercellphoneownersneverlookfornewsontheirphones.D.Alltheyoungercellphoneownerslookfornewsontheirphones.
3.What’sthemostpopularapproachforpeopletoreceivenewsA.Byonlyonemedium.B.Byreadingnewspapers.C.Byemailedlinks.D.Bycellphone’saccess.
4.HowlongdidthetelephoneinterviewslastA.Nearlytwentyhours.B.Morethanamonth.C.Aboutthreeweeks.D.Lessthantwoweeks.【参考答案】
18.CBCC 阅读理解Bytheearly20thcenturyastheUnitedStatesbecameaninternationalpoweritsculturalself-identity认同becamemoreplex.TheUnitedStateswasbeingmorediverseasimmigrantsstreamedintothecountrysettlingespeciallyinAmerica’sgrowingurbanareas.AtthistimeAmerica’ssocialdiversitybegantofindsignificantexpressionintheartsandculture.AmericanwritersofGermanIrishJewishandScandinavianancestrybegantofindanaudiencealthoughsomeoftheculturalelite中坚分子resistedtheworksconsideringthemcrudeandunrefined.Manyofthesewritersfocusedon20th-centurycitylifeandthemessuchaspovertyeffortstoassimilate消化intotheUnitedStatesandfamilylifeinthenewcountry.Europeaninfluencenowmeantsomethingverydifferentthanitoncehad:ArtistschangedthecoreofAmericanexperiencebyincorporatingtheirvariousimmigrantoriginsintoitsculturalvision.Duringthe1920sand1930sahostofAfricanAmericanpoetsandnovelistsaddedtheirvoicestothisnewAmericanvision.LangstonHughesZoraNealeHurstonandCounteeCullenamongothersgatheredinNewYorkCity’sHarlem黑人住宅区district.TheybegantowriteabouttheiruniqueexperiencescreatingamovementcalledtheHarlemRenaissance.Visualartistsoftheearly20thcenturyalsobeganincorporatingthemanynewsightsandcolorsofthemultiethnic不同种族的Americavisibleinthesenewcitysettings.PaintersassociatedwithagroupknownasTheEightsuchasRobertHenriandJohnSloanportrayedthepicturesquesightsofthecity.Laterpaintersandphotographersfocusedonthecity’ssqualid污秽的aspects.AlthoughnatureremainedasignificantpartofAmericanculturalself-expressionasthepaintingsofGeorgiaO’KeeffedemonstrateditwasnolongerattheheartofAmericanculture.Bythe1920sand1930sfewartistsorwritersconsiderednaturetheextraordinarybasisofAmericanculturalidentity.InpopularmusictoothesongsofmanynationsbecameAmericansongs.TinPanAlleywasfullofimmigranttalentswhohelpeddefineAmericanmusicespeciallyintheformoftheBroadwaymusical.SomesongwriterssuchasIrvingBerlinandGeorgeM.CohanusedtheirmusictohelpdefineAmericanpatrioticsongsandholidaytraditions.Duringthe1920smusicalformssuchasthebluesandjazzbegantodominatetherhythmsofAmericanpopularmusic.TheseformshadtheirrootsinAfricaasadaptedintheAmericanSouthandthenincities.
1.Themainthemeofthepaintingintheearly20thcenturyis .A.poverty B.experience C.nature D.life
2.Whichofthefollowingcountries’culturemighthavetheleasteffectonAmericancultureA.Finland. B.India. C.SouthAfrica. D.Irish.
3.ThefollowingistrueEXCEPT .A.Manyartistsorwritersdidn’trealizethefunctionofnatureinthebasisofAmericanculturalidentityuntil1920s.B.Thebluesandjazzwasquitepopularinthe1920sandhadacloselyrelationwithAfricanmusic.C.ImmigrantsaffectedAmerica’ssocialdiversityanditcanbefoundinthechangeoftheartsandcultureatthattime.D.ThepaintingswhichwerecreatedbyRobertHenriandJohnSloanmaybeaboutthebeautifulsceneryofthecity.
4.Whatissomeoftheculturalelite’sattitudetowardstheworkswrittenbythewriterswhocamefromEuropeA.Critical. B.Reserved. C.Positive. D.Objective.
5.WhichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleofthepassageA.ImmigrationandDiversityinAmericaB.AmericanModernCultureandArtC.FamousAmericanArtistsandWritersD.TheUnitedStates—ADevelopedCountry【参考答案】
19.CBAAA 。