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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解练习
(2)I阅读理解阅读下列短文从给的四个选项A、B、C和D中选出最佳选项ThePacificOceanisthelargestoftheworld’sfouroceans.ItsnameesfromtheLatinmeaning“peacefulsea”,andwasgivenbythePortugueseexplorerFerdinandMagellanwhosevoyagewasplainthere.HoweverthePacificisnotalwayspeaceful.Itsislandsareoftenhitbytyphoonsandthecountriessurroundingithavemanyvolcanoesandareoftenhitbyearthquakes.Tsunamis海啸causedbyunderwaterearthquakeshavedestroyedmanylow-lyingcoastaltowns.TheOceancontainsabout46%ofEarth’ssurfacewaterandmakesupabout32%ofitstotalsurfaceareamorethanalloftheplanet’slandareas.Theequator赤道dividesitintotheNorthPacificandtheSouthPacificOceansthelatterofwhichcontainsmostofitslargest25000islands.ThelargestlandmassentirelywithinthePacificOceanistheislandofNewGuineawithAustraliatoitssouth;ithasbeentheworld’ssecond-largestislandsinceseparatingfromtheAustralianmainland.ThelowestpointonEarththeMarianaTrench海沟lies10911metersbelowthesurfaceofthePacificbuttheOcean’saveragedepthis4280meters.ThewatertemperatureofthePacificvariesfromfreezingatthepolestoabout300Cneartheequator.Itssalinity盐分alsovariesfromplacetoplace.Thewaterneartheequatorislesssaltybecauseoftherainfalltherebutatthepolessalinityisalsolowbecauselittleevaporation蒸发takesplaceinthecoldwateroftheseareas.Theexploitation开采ofthePacific’smineralwealthisdifficultinitsdeeperparts.HoweverintheshallowwatersofthecontinentalshelvesoffthecoastsofAustraliaandNewZealandoilandnaturalgasareexploitedandpearlsareharvestedalongthecoastsofAustraliaJapanNicaraguaandthePhilippines.ThePacific’sgreatestwealthisitsfishbutthefishingindustryhasbeenharmedgreatlybymarinepollution.ThebiggestharmesfromriversthatcarryintotheOceanmanychemicalsusedasfertilizersinagricultureaswellaswaste.ThesedaysmanycountriesareingtogethertotrytoprotecttheOcean.
1.FerdinandMagellangavetheOceanitsnamebecausehe________.A.expectedtoliveapeacefullifeB.hopedtherewouldbenomorewarsC.cameuponnoseriousstormswhilecrossingitD.expectedtostaysafeandhealthythere
2.FromthepassagewhatdoweknowaboutthePacificOceanA.Itcontainsabout32%oftheEarth’ssurfacewater.B.Ithassufferedmanynaturaldisasters.C.Itsdeeperpartshaven’tbeenexploited.D.NewGuineaisonthenorthofit.
3.WhyisthewateratthepoleslesssaltyA.Littleofitturnsintosteam.B.Thereisabundantrainfallthere.C.Theoceancurrentsareslowthere.D.Meltingsnowaddswatertotheocean.
4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.A.countriesneartheOceanbenefitfrombeingonitB.pearlsareamajorsourceofineinJapanC.mostpeopleprefertoliveneartheOceanD.allthecountriesalongtheOceanaredeveloped[解题导语] 本文从几个方面简要介绍太平洋
1.解析选C细节理解题根据whosevoyagewasplainthere可知选Cplainsailing意为“一帆风顺”
2.解析选B细节理解题根据第一段可知选B;根据第二段可知A、D表述错误;文章倒数第二段提到太平洋的深层很难开采,但并没有提到没开采过,故C项表述错误3.解析选A细节理解题根据第三段中becauselittleevaporationtakesplaceinthecoldwateroftheseareas可知A正确因为那儿的海水几乎没有蒸发B项是赤道附近盐度低的原因
4.解析选A推理判断题从倒数第二段可知那些太平洋的周边国家从海洋的丰富资源中获益不少,因此选A【广东省xx届高三考前冲刺卷四】CMarieCuriewasaPolishphysicistandchemistwholivedbetween1867—
1934.Togetherwithherhusband,Pierre,shediscoveredtwonewelementsradiumandpolonium,tworadioactiveelementsthattheyextractedchemicallyfrompitchblendedoreandstudiedthexraystheyemitted.Shefoundthattheharmfulpropertiesofxrayswereabletokilltumors.BytheendofWorldWarⅠ,MarieCuriewasprobablythemostfamouswomanintheworld.Shehadmadeaconsciousdecision,however,nottopatentmethodsofprocessingradiumoritsmedicalapplications.MarieCuriewasbornonNovember71867inPolandanddiedonJuly
41934.HercodiscoverywithherhusbandPierreCurieoftheradioactiveelementsradiumandpoloniumrepresentsoneofthebestknownstoriesinmodernscienceforwhichtheywererecognizedin1901withtheNobelPrizeinPhysics.In1911,MarieCuriewashonoredwithasecondNobelPrize,thistimeinChemistry,tohonorherforsuccessfullyisolatingpureradiumanddeterminingradium’satomicweight.Asachild,MarieCurieamazedpeoplewithhergreatmemory.Shelearnedtoreadwhenshewasonlyfouryearsold.HerfatherwasaprofessorofscienceandtheinstrumentsthathekeptinaglasscasefascinatedMarie.Shedreamedofbeingascientist,butthatwouldnotbeeasy.Herfamilybecameverypoor,andattheageof18,Mariebecameagoverness.ShehelpedpayforhersistertostudyinParis.Later,hersisterhelpedMariewithhereducation.In1891,MarieattendedtheSorbonneUniversityinPariswhereshemetandmarriedPierreCurie,awellknownphysicist.MarieCuriecontributedgreatlytoourunderstandingofradioactivityandtheeffectsofxrays.ShereceivedtwoNobelPrizesforherbrilliantwork,butdiedofleukaemia,causedbyherrepeatedexposuretoradioactivematerials.36.WhatisthemainideaofthepassageA.TogiveusageneralintroductiontoMadameCurie.B.ToshowushowMadameCuriediscoveredradium.C.TotellushowMadameCuriedevelopedasascientist.D.TotellushowMadameCuriereceivedtwoNobelPrizes.37.MadameCuriewasgiventheNobelPrizeinChemistrybecause________.A.shediscoveredradiumB.sheseparatedpureradiumandcalculateditsatomicweightC.shediscoveredpoloniumD.shedidn’tpatentmethodsofprocessingradium38.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutMadameCurieisNOTtrueA.MadameCuriemadegreatcontributionstomedicalscience.B.MadameCuriewasverysmartandambitiouswhenshewasachild.C.MadameCuriereceivedtwoNobelPrizesinPhysics.D.MadameCurie’shusbandhelpedheralotinherresearch.39.Wecaninferfromthethirdparagraphthat______.
①MadameCuriegotmarriedwhenshewasatcollege.
②MadameCuriehadagreatambitionwhenshewasyoung.
③MadameCurielovedteachingmorethananythingelse.
④MadameCuriemusthavemetalotofdifficultiestogethigheducation.
⑤HerfatherhadagreatinfluenceonMadameCurie’sfuturecareer.
⑥MadameCuriewasverysmartwhenshewasachild.A.
①②④⑤⑥B.
②④⑤⑥C.
②③④⑤⑥D.
①②③④⑤40.WhichistherightorderaboutMadameCurieaccordingtothepassagea.marriedPierreb.attendeduniversityc.discoveredradiumd.determinedradium’satomicweighte.wontheNobelPrizeinPhysicsA.b,c,a,d,eB.b,a,c,d,eC.b,a,c,e,dD.b,c,a,e,d36.A [主旨大意题通读全文可知]37.B [细节理解题根据文中第二段最后一句话可知答案]38.C [根据第二段内容可知居里夫人两次获得诺贝尔奖,第二次是诺贝尔化学奖]39.B [推理判断题根据第
一、二句话可知居里夫人非常聪明;第三句可知居里夫人的父亲对她有很大影响;第四句可知她有很大的抱负;根据第五句话可知她所遇到的困难她当家庭教师只是由于家庭贫穷;根据最后一句话可知她在上大学期间遇到了其丈夫,但结婚不一定是在求学期间]40.C [细节理解题根据全文可知答案为C项]【广东省xx届高三考前冲刺卷四】DLivinginthewildcanbehard.Findingfoodandstayingsafearen’teasy.Eachday,animalsstruggletosurviveintheirhabitats.Notallanimalsgetbyontheirown.Someanimalsformaclosepartnershipwithotherkindsofanimals.Thesepairingsarecalledsymbiotic共生的relationships.Inasymbioticrelationship,theanimalsdependoneachother.Oneanimalhelpstheothermeetitsneeds.Soundsgood,rightNotalways.Someanimalsarenotverykindtotheirpartners.Insomecases,oneanimalmeetsitsneedsbuthurtsitspartner.Taketicks,forexample.Theseinsectssuckbloodtolive.Togetblood,theyattachthemselvestootherkindsofanimals.Tickscanpassgermsthatcausediseaseinsteadofhelpingtheirhosts.Inotherrelationships,animalsdon’ttreattheirpartnerssopoorly.Bothanimalsbenefitfromlivingwiththeotheranimals.Smallanimalscalledcleanershrimpshavefoundawayofhelpingfishatcoralreefs.Astheirnamesuggests,theshrimpscleanthefish.Theyhangoutatwhatscientistscallacleaningstation.Afishstopsby.Thenashrimpclimbsontothefishandevenstepsintothefish’smouth.Theshrimpusesitstinyclawstopickstuffoffthefish’sbody.Thatcanincludedeadskin,tinypiecesoffood,andweecreaturesthatcanhurtthefish.Thefishgetsanicecleaning.Theshrimpenjoysatastymealoffishtrash.Smallbirdscalledploversarealsointhecleaningbusiness.Theyhavebigcustomers—crocodiles.Crocshavelongsnouts鼻子filledwithsharpteeth.Cleaningthemistricky.Whenacrocopensitsmouth,theploverhopsrightin.Thecrocdoesnotsnapitssnoutshut.Instead,itletstheplovereatsmall,harmfulanimalsattachedtothecrocodile’steeth.Theplovergetsaneasymealwhilethecrocgetscleanteeth.41.Thetextismainlyabout________.A.thehardlifeinthewildB.somedangerousanimalsC.animalslivingtogetherD.animalsinasymbioticrelationship42.Accordingtothetext,inasymbioticrelationship,______.A.animalsdependoneachotherB.birdsdependonanimalsforfoodC.bothsidescangethelpD.notallanimalstreattheirpartnerswell43.WhydothecleanershrimpscleanthefishA.Togetfishtrashforfood.B.Toeatweecreatures.C.Tohelpfishgooutofcoralreefs.D.Togetfoodforfish.44.Whenplovershopintocrocodiles’mouths,they________.A.arereallytocleancrocodiles’teethB.aretomakecrocodileshappyC.aren’tafraidofbeingeatenD.aren’thappytocleanthecrocodiles’teeth45.Accordingtothetext,itcanbeinferredthat______.A.livinginthewildcanbehardB.differentanimalshavedifferentlivingwaysC.crocodilesmainlyliveonploversD.ticksareusefultosomeanimals41.D [主旨大意题本文主要是介绍了生物界的一种共生现象,也就是说生物之间相互依存,相互帮助故答案选D项选项C表达语意不准确,表达范围太广]42.D [深层理解题由文章第
二、
三、四段可知,有共生现象的动物中,有的是相互得到帮助,而有的是单方面的故答案为D项]43.A [细节理解题由文章第四段可知,cleanershrimps之所以要帮助鱼清理垃圾,主要是因为想得到它们想吃的食物——fishtrash故答案为A项]44.C [细节理解题由文章最后一段可知,plovers是不担心被鳄鱼咬伤的,因为鳄鱼是希望plovers这样做的,而对于plovers而言,其真正的目的是为了得到自己的食物故答案为C项]45.B [推理判断题文章第一段就提到有些动物是靠自己去捕捉食物,而文章又举例讲了一些动物是靠共生来获取食物的,也就是说不同的动物有不同的方式来生存,所以答案为B项选项A是文章直接叙述的;选项C表达与原文不一致;选项D是无法推断出的]。