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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解练习
(3)V阅读理解Youmaynotpaymuchattentiontoyourdailyelevatorride.Manyofususealiftseveraltimesduringthedaywithoutreallythinkingaboutit.ButLeeGrayPhDoftheUniversityofNorthCarolinaUShasmadeithisbusinesstoexaminethisoverlookedformofpublictransport.Heisknownasthe“ElevatorGuy”.“Theliftbeesthisinterestingsocialspacewhereetiquette礼仪issortofodd奇怪的”GraytoldtheBBC.“They[elevators]aresociallyveryinterestingbutoftenveryawkwardplaces.”Wewalkinandusuallyturnaroundtofacethedoor.Ifsomeoneelseesinwemayhavetomove.AndhereaccordingtoGrayliftusersunthinkinglygothroughasetpatternofmovements.HetoldtheBBCwhathehadobserved.Heexplainedthatwhenyouaretheonlyoneinsidealiftyoucandowhateveryouwant–it’syourownlittlebox.Iftherearetwoofyouyougointodifferentcornersstandingdiagonally对角线地acrossfromeachothertocreatedistance.Whenathirdpersonentersyouwillunconsciouslyformatriangle.Andwhenthereisafourthpersonitbeesasquarewithsomeoneineverycorner.Afifthpersonisprobablygoingtohavetostandinthemiddle.Newentrantstotheliftwillneedtosizeupthesituationwhenthedoorsslideopenandthenactdecisively.Onceinformostpeopletheruleissimple–lookdownorlookatyourphone.Whyarewesoawkwardinlifts“Youdon’thaveenoughspace”ProfessorBabetteRennebergaclinicalpsychologistattheFreeUniversityofBerlintoldtheBBC.“Usuallywhenwemeetotherpeoplewehaveaboutanarm’slengthofdistancebetweenus.Andthat’snotpossibleinmostelevators.”Insuchasmallenclosedspaceitbeesveryimportanttoactinawaythatcannotbeconstrued理解asthreateningorodd.“Theeasiestwaytodothisistoavoideyecontact”shesaid.【文章大意】本文告诉我们一些不成文的电梯礼仪
36.Themainpurposeofthearticleisto_____.A.remindustoenjoyourselvesintheelevatorB.tellussomeunwrittenrulesofelevatoretiquetteC.shareaninterestingbutawkwardelevatorrideD.analyzewhatmakespeoplefeelawkwardinanelevator【答案】B【解析】写作意图题根据短文的内容可知这里叙述了电梯里的一些不成文的规定,故选B
37.AccordingtoGraywhenpeopleenteranelevatortheyusually_____.A.turnaroundandgreetoneanotherB.lookaroundorexaminetheirphoneC.makeeyecontactwiththoseintheelevatorD.trytokeepadistancefromotherpeople【答案】D【解析】细节理解题根据“fromeachothertocreatedistance”可知,人们进电梯后要跟别人保持距离故选D
38.Whichofthefollowingdescribeshowpeopleusuallystandwhenthereareatleasttwopeopleinanelevator【答案】C【解析】细节理解题根据A两个人应站在对角线B三个人要站成三角形D五个人要站在四个角和中间只有C四个人站在四个角是正确的故选C
39.Theunderlinedphrase“sizeup”inParagraph7isclosestinmeaningto_____.A.judgeB.ignoreC.putupwithD.makethebestof【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题sizeup出现在“whenthedoorsslideopen”电梯门开时,“actdecisively果断行动”之前,所以应该是判断门内情况的意思,只有judge审度最接近B“ignore”无视;C“putupwith”容忍;D“makethebestof”充分利用故选A
40.Accordingtothearticlepeoplefeelawkwardinliftsbecauseof_____.A.someone’soddbehaviorsB.thelackofspaceC.theirunfamiliaritywithoneanotherD.theireyecontactwithoneanother【答案】B【解析】推理判断题根据倒数第二段“Youdon’thaveenoughspace”可知只有电梯里缺少空间的时候感到尴尬,故选B阅读理解.EvenatschooltherehadbeenanunhealthypetitionbetweenGeorgeandRichard.“I’llbethefirstmillionaireinColeford!”Richardusedtoboast.“Andyou’llbesorryyouknewme”Georgewouldreply“becauseI’llbethebestlawyerintown!”GeorgeneverdidbeealawyerandRichardnevermadeanymoney.InsteadbothmenopenedbookshopsonoppositesidesofColefordHighStreet.Itwashardtomakemoneyfrombookswhichmadethepetitionbetweenthemworse.NowwithonlyonebookshopintownbusinesswasbetterforGeorge.Butsometimeshesatinhisnarrowoldkitchenandgazedoutofthedirtywindowthinkingabouthisformerrival(竞争对手)PerhapshemissedhimGeorgewasveryinterestedinolddictionariesHe’drecentlyfoundacollectorinAustraliawhowassellingararefirstedition.WhentheparcelarrivedthebookwasinperfectconditionandGeorgewasdelighted.ButwhilehewashavinglunchGeorgeglancedatthephotointhenewspaperthatthebookhadbeenwrappedin.Hewasastonished—thesmilingfacewasolderthanherememberedbutunmistakable!TremblingGeorgestartedreading.“BookendshaveboughttenbookstoresfromtheirrivalsDylans.Thepanyownedbymulti-millionaireRichardPikeisnowthelargestbooksellerinAustralia.”
1.GeorgeandRichardwereatschool.A.roommatesB.goodfriendsC.petitorsD.booksellers
2.HowdidGeorgefeelaboutRichardafterhisdisappearanceA.HeenviedRichard’smarriage.B.HethoughtofRichardfromtimetotime.C.Hefeltluckywithnorivalintown.D.HewasguiltyofRichard’sdeath.
3.GeorgegotinformationaboutRichardfrom.A.adictionarycollectorinAustraliaB.thelatter’srivalsDylansC.ararefirsteditionofadictionaryD.thewrappingpaperofabook
65.C细节理解题由第一段“EvenatschooltherehadbeenanunhealthypetitionbetweenGeorgeandRichard.”可知从上学开始,乔治和理查德就是竞争对手A、B、D三项没有根据,可排除
66.B细节理解题由第五段“Butsometimeshesatinhisnarrowoldkitchenandgazedoutofthedirtywindowthinkingabouthisformerrival(竞争对手)Perhapshemissedhim”可知理查德消失后乔治常常想起他来,故B项正确A、D两项文中没有交代,属于主观臆测C项也无从推断出乔治在没有了竞争对手后感到很幸运
67.D细节把握题由第六段“ButwhilehewashavinglunchGeorgeglancedatthephotointhenewspaperthatthebookhadbeenwrappedin.”一句可知乔治是从包书的一张报纸上得知理查德的消息的,故答案为D阅读理解.SportsshoesthatoutwhethertheirownerhasenoughexercisetowarranttimeinfrontofthetelevisionhavebeendevisedintheUK.Theshoes—namedSquareEyes—containanelectronicpressuresensorandatinyputerchiptorecordhowmanystepsthewearerhastakeninaday.Awirelesstransmitterpassestheinformationtoareceiverconnectedtoatelevisionandthisdecideshowmucheveningviewingtimethewearerdeservesbasedontheday’sefforts.ThedesignwasinspiredbyadesiretofightagainsttherapidlyballooningwaistlinesamongBritishteenagerssaysGillianSwanwhodevelopedSquareEyesasafinalyeardesignprojectatBrunelUniversitytoLondonUK.“Welookedatcurrentissuesandchildhoodoverweightreallystoodout”shesays.“AndIwantedtotacklethatwithmydesign.”Onceachildhasuseduptheirdailyallowancegainedthroughexercisethetelevisionautomaticallyswitchesoff.AndfurthertimeinfrontoftheTVcanonlybeearnedthroughmoresteps.Swancalculatedhowexerciseshouldtranslatetotelevisiontimeusingtheremendeddailyamountsofboth.Healthexpertssuggestthatachildtake12000stepseachdayandwatchnomorethantwohoursoftelevision.Soevery100stepsrecordedbytheSquareEyesshoesequalspreciselyoneminuteofTVtime.Existingpedometers(计步器)normallyclipontoabeltorslipintoapocketandkeepcountofstepsbymeasuringsuddenmovement.Swansaysthesecanbeeasilytrickedintorecordingstepsthroughshaking.Buthershoehasbeenbuilttobeharderforlazyteenagerstocheat.“Itispossiblebutitwouldbealotofeffort”shesays.“Thatwasoneofmymaindesignconsiderations.”
1.AccordingtoSwanthepurposeofherdesignprojectisto________.A.keeparecordofthestepsofthewearerB.dealwithoverweightamongteenagersC.enablechildrentoresistthetemptationofTVD.preventchildrenfrombeingtrickedbyTVprograms
2.WhichofthefollowingistrueofSquareEyesshoesA.Theyregulateachild’seveningTVviewingtime.B.Theydetermineachild’sdailypocketmoney.C.Theyhaveraisedthehotissueofoverweight.D.Theycontaininformationofthereceiver.
3.WhatisstressedbyhealthexpertsintheirsuggestionA.Theexactnumberofstepstobetaken.B.TheprecisenumberofhoursspentonTV.C.TheproperamountofdailyexerciseandTVtime.D.ThewayofchangingstepsintoTVwatchingtime.
4.paredwithothersimilarproductsthenewdesign________.A.makesitdifficultforlazyteenagerstocheatB.countsthewearer’sstepsthroughshakingC.recordsthesuddenmovementofthewearerD.sendsteenagers’healthdatatothereceiver
5.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetextA.SmartShoesDecideonTelevisionTimeB.SmartShoesGuaranteeMoreExerciseC.SmartShoesMeasureTimeofExerciseD.SmartShoesStopChildhoodOverweight
71.B这是一道推断题根据第三段“‘Welookedatcurrentissuesandchildhoodoverweightreallystoodout’shesays‘AndIwanttotacklethatwithmydesign.’”可以推断出这个设计是为了解决孩子超重的问题
72.A这是一道推断题根据第四段“Onceachildhasuseduptheirdailyallowancegainedthroughexercisethetelevisionautomaticallyswitchesoff.AndfurthertimeinfrontoftheTVcanonlybeearnedthroughmoresteps.”可知这种鞋利用走路的步数来控制孩子看电视的时间
73.C这是一道推断题根据第五段“Healthexpertssuggestthatachildtake12000stepseachdayandwatchnomorethantwohoursoftelevision.”可以推断出健康专家给出了每天合适的运动量和看电视时间
74.A这是一道推断题根据最后一段“Swansaysthesecanbeeasilytrickedintorecordingstepsthroughshaking.Buthershoehasbeenbuilttobeharderforlazyteenagerstocheat.”可以推断出类似产品可以用晃动来作弊但是她设计的鞋使得懒惰的青少年很难作弊
75.A这是一道主旨题本文主要介绍了一款智能运动鞋利用孩子们每天的走步数来决定看电视的时间起到控制体重的作用阅读理解She’snotafraidofanything.SnakesNoproblem.WalkingaloneinthedarkEasy.We’renottalkingaboutasuperherohere--SMisa44-year-oldmother.Andshe’sfearlessbecauseshehappenstobemissingpartofherbrain:theamygdala扁桃腺.Shapedlikeapairofalmondssittinginthemiddleofyourbraintheamygdalahelpscontrolfearandanxiety.ArareconditioncalledUrbach-WiethediseaseleftSMwithoutheramygdalaandseemstohavepletelyerasedhersenseoffear.TotrytounderstandhowtheamygdalaworksateamofresearchersmadetheireffortstoscareSM.TheyshowedherhorrormoviesandtookhertotheWaverlyHillsSanatoriumHauntedHouseinKentucky.Shepushedoutoneofthemonsters巨物andlaughed.SMsaidshedidn’tlikesnakesbutatapetstorefullofpoisonouscreaturesshekeptaskingtotouchthem.WhenaskedtorateherfeelingsSMreportedfeelingsurprisedordisgustedbutneverfearful.“Shetendstoapproacheverythingsheshouldbeavoiding”saysJustinFeinsteinoftheUniversityofIowa.Thismeanstheamygdalacouldcontroldeeperurgestoapproachoravoiddanger.Otherscientistshaveadifferentopinionthough.“Idon’tbelieveyoucanmakeageneralstatementaboutwhattheamygdaladoesbyasinglecasestudy”ElizabethPhelpssaid.In2002Phelpspublishedastudyonasimilarpatientwithamygdaladamagewhostillshowedfear.Itmaysoundlikefuntobetotallyfearlessbutwegetscaredforagoodreason.“Thenatureoffearissurvivalandtheamygdalahelpsusstayalivebyavoidingsituationspeopleorobjectsthatputourlifeindanger”Feinsteinsaid.SMwasoncefollowedinaparkafterdarkbyamanwithaknifeandshesimplywalkedaway.“Itisquiteremarkablethatsheisstillalive”saidFeinstein.【文章大意】本文叙述了研究人员通过在失去扁桃腺人的身上实验扁桃腺的作用,结果发现它能控制人的恐惧,但是也有的科研人员对此产生了怀疑
41.SMdarestowalkaloneinthedarkmainlybecause____________.A.sheisasuperheroB.shehasexperiencedsuchconditionsalotC.sheisamentalpatientD.shehasnosenseoffear【答案】D【解析】细节理解题根据she’sfearlessbecauseshehappenstobemissingpartofherbrain她失去了扁桃腺没有了害怕的感觉,故选D
42.ResearcherstriedtheirbesttofrightenSMinordertofind___________.A.ThefunctionofaparticularorganB.SM’sreactionoffearandanxietyC.TheprocessofremovingamygdalaD.Aspecialwaytogetalongwithmonsters【答案】A【解析】细节理解题根据Totrytounderstandhowtheamygdalaworks研究人员为了找到扁桃腺是如何工作的,故选A
43.WhatdoweknowfromtheresearchonSMA.Itwaseasyforhertoavoiddanger.B.SMneverfeltfearfulbutdisgusted.C.SMwasfrightenedbynothingexceptmonsters.D.SMgotalongwellwiththesnakes.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题根据SMreportedfeelingsurprisedordisgustedbutneverfearful.她没有感觉到害怕和厌恶,故选B
44.WhatisElizabethPhelps’attitudetowardthefunctionoftheamygdalabasedontheresearchonSMA.IndifferentB.SupportiveC.DisapprovingD.Interested【答案】C【解析】细节理解题根据“Idon’tbelieveyoucanmakeageneralstatementaboutwhattheamygdaladoesbyasinglecasestudy可知ElizabethPhelps不相信这种实验,故选C
45.WhatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphA.Peoplecanremovetheiramygdalatobefearless.B.SMwillbeadmiredbecauseofherbravery.C.Noonecansurviveiftheiramygdalaisremoved.D.Thesenseoffeariscrucialtohumans.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题根据“Itisquiteremarkablethatsheisstillalive可知恐惧的感觉对人类来说是重要的,故选D。