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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解练习
(4)II高考英语任务型阅读考前精讲精练(答案)阅读表达考纲解读及解题指导高考阅读表达把阅读和写作巧妙结合,是一种主客观题相结合的题型,旨在全方位、多角度考查学生的阅读、思维和语言表达能力本题型具有以下特点
一、问题设置形式灵活多样,综合考查学生的多种基本能力命题涉及标题归纳、意图判断、代词指代、补全内容、问题简答以及结论等,形成对文章全方位、多角度的考查,能全面、客观地反映学生“读、写、思、译”等方面的能力
二、答题客观性和开放性相结合,突出思维的开放性,给学生提供广阔的思维空间要求考生根据短文内容和自己的理解作答,只要符合题目要求,表述准确,就是正确答案考生可以充分展示自己的语言表达能力,发挥思维的多样性与开放性
三、选材要求文章结构严谨,层次分明,信息量大,包含结构复杂的难句,适合命题的多样性所选文章一般是一篇具有中等难度的说明文、议论文或应用文下面对阅读表达的命题规律做一探讨,希望对大家备战xx年高考有所帮助
一、主旨归纳这种问题要求在把握好全文或某一段内容的基础上,对文章或段落的主旨大意进行归纳常用的命题方式有WhatisthetextmainlyaboutnomorethanxwordsWhatismainlydiscussedinthetextnomorethanxwordsWhatadviceisgiveninthe…paragraphnomorethanxwords大家在进行主旨归纳时,应该首先看一看文章首尾段是否对全文进行了归纳,如果这样,我们通过归纳文章首尾段就能得到文章的主旨;如果上述两种情况都不存在,我们就需要对全文进行归纳总结在归纳文章主旨时,一定要注意扣准能够体现文章主旨的关键词
二、标题归纳这种题型非常类似于阅读理解中的标题选择题,即要求考生在整体把握全文的基础上,用最简洁凝练的语言归纳文章的标题常用的命题方式有Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetextnomorethanxwords标题归纳和主旨归纳在本质上是一样的,因此一篇阅读表达不可能同时出现两种题型,其方法也跟主旨归纳相似,大家可以首先找一找句子的主题句,如果有主题句,可以对主题句稍作加工;如果没有主题句,就需归纳全文注意,在归纳文章标题时,一要注意扣准能够体现文章主旨的关键词,二要语言简洁凝练,富有吸引力和特色
三、意图判断根据特定信息推断作者的写作意图常用的命题方式有Forwhatpurposedoestheauthormention...inParagraphxnomorethanxwords这种题型非常接近阅读理解的命题大家应该分清文章的体裁,如果是议论文,一定要找准作者的论点;如果是说明文,一定要找出作者说明的中心;如果是应用文,要看介绍哪一方面的情况,这样就能基本把握作者的意图
四、句子填空结合上下文将短文中的空白处用合适的词句补充完整使短文通顺,所填内容一般是短语或短句,词数要求较少常用的命题方式有FillintheblankinParagraphxwithproperwords.nomorethanxwords在做这样的题目时,我们特别需要“瞻前顾后”,通过前后文的提示来确定需要补全的内容
五、英文释义用英语解释划线句子,这种首次出现的题型对考生来说有一定难度,也更能考查考生的语言表达能力常用的命题方式有ExplaintheunderlinedsentenceinParagraphx.在做这样的题目时,我们首先应该抓住句子的主干意义,不要被一些附加成分所迷惑
六、回答问题这类题目在命题方面可能会比较灵活,侧重试题的开放性可以就作者观点态度方面提问,也可以根据文章具体内容提问,还可以是自己的读后感常用的命题方式有WhatkindofattitudedoestheauthorhavetowardsthequestionnomorethanxwordsWhydoestheauthormention…inthetextnomorethanxwordsWhatdoessth.implynomorethanxwordsWhatcanwelearnfromthetextnomorethanxwords在回答问题时注意不要脱离原文内容,而应该像阅读理解一样,找到原文中的关键信息,在此基础上合理变通,并结合自己的观点给出答案
七、陈述个人观点这类题目要求大家在理解原文的基础上,对原文所涉及的问题、现象进行思考,给出自己的观点题目开放性很强常用的命题方式有WhatdoyouthinkofthequestionmentionedbytheauthornomorethanxwordsDoyoulikewhatistalkedaboutinthetextWhynomorethanxwords这类题目要求大家综合原文材料,发挥自己的想象,陈述自己对事物的观点或态度因此大家在答题时一定要观点鲜明、立场正确,不能含糊不清、不伦不类
八、词义指代从阅读理解中的猜测词义题演化而来,其做题的思路跟阅读理解相似,即联系上下文,找到代词所指代的内容常用的命题方式有WhatdoesthewordLinexParagraphxprobablyreferto这类题目要求考生返回原文,找出指代词,学会“左顾右盼”,找出与其最接近的名词、名词性词组或句子替换该指代词,看意思是否通顺,最后确定答案真题示例xx山东卷)第一节阅读表达第
76、
77、80题每题3分,第78题4分,第79题2分,满分15分阅读下面短文并用英语回答问题,将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上请注意
76、
77、79和80四个小题后面的词数要求
[1]JeanPaulGettywasbornin1892inMinneapolisMinnesota.Hebecameamillionairewhenhewasonly
24.Hisfatherwaswealthybuthedidnothelphisson.Gettymadehismillionsalone.Hemadehismoneyfromoil.HeownedGettyOilandover100otherpanies.TheFortunemagazineoncecalledGetty“therichestmanintheworld.”
[2]Butmoney.Hemarriedfivetimesanddivorcedfivetimes.Hehadfivechildrenbutspentlittletimewiththem.NoneofGetty’schildrenhadveryhappylives.
[3]Gettylovedtomakemoneyandlovedtosaveit.InspiteofhisgreatwealthGettywasamiser.Everyeveninghewrotedowneverycenthespentthatday.Heevenputpaytelephonesintheguests’bedroomsinhishousesohecouldsavemoneyonphonebills.
[4]In1973kidnapperstookhis16-year-oldgrandsonanddemandedalargeamountofmoneyforhissafereturn.Getty’ssonaskedhisfatherformoneytosavehischild.ButGettyrefused.ThekidnappersweremercilessandGetty’ssonmaderepeatedrequestsforhelpfromhisfather.FinallyGettyagreedtolendthemoneybutat4percentinterest.
[5]GettystartedamuseumathishomeinMalibuCalifornia.Heboughtmanyimportantandbeautifulpiecesofartforthemuseum.WhenGettydiedin1976thevalueofthecollectioninthemuseumwas$1billion.Heleftallhismoneytothemuseum.Afterhisdeaththemuseumgrewinsize.TodayitisoneofthemostimportantmuseumsintheUnitedStates.Gettymadealargefortuneinhislifebuthegavehismoneytotheartworldbecausehewantedpeopletolearnaboutandloveart.
76.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1nomorethan8words_____________________________________
77.FillintheblankinParagraph2withproperwords.nomorethan7words_____________________________________
78.ExplaintheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph
3._____________________________________
79.WhatdidthekidnappersdotoGetty’sfamilynomorethan10words_____________________________________
80.WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusaboutGettyinthelastparagraphnomorethan10words_____________________________________解析本篇阅读表达属于人物说明文,介绍百万富翁Getty的传奇经历
76.段落大意题Gettywasaself-mademillionaire/Gettybecamerichthroughhisownefforts由本段后面部分可知本段主要大意为Getty通过自己的努力创造了大量财富
77.填空题didnotbuyhappinessforGetty从下文可知Getty的家庭生活并不幸福
78.英语释义题AlthoughhewasveryrichGettyhatedtospendmoney这是山东卷第一次出现的题型,核心是同词替换以及句式替换,要体现让步关系
79.细节题TheytookGetty’sgrandsonandaskedformoney根据题干中kidnappers定位第四段第一句tookhis16-year-oldgrandsonanddemandedalargeamountofmoneyforhissafereturn可知绑匪绑架了他的孙子并要钱
80.推理判断题Gettymadeagreatcontributiontotheartworld./Gettyhadanotherside虽然前面说此人很吝啬,但最后一段说他花重金建造艺术博物馆,体现的是他对艺术界的贡献阅读理解Womenbeonyourguard.Thereisanewmaleexcusefornotlisteningtous.Arecentstudyshowsthatmenfinditalmostimpossibletolistentowhatwomensaybecausetheirbrainsareoutofsynch(不同步的)withplexfemaletones.Apparentlywhenmenlistentoothermenaboutthethingstheycareabouttheyuseonlythefrontalareaoftheirbrains.Howeverwhentheylistentowomenitsdifferentstory.Theyhavetoworkmuchharderemployingapartofthebrainthatnormallydealswithmusic.Sowhenamantellsyouyourvoiceismusictohisearshesactuallytellingthetruththoughnotinagoodway.Imsurealotofwomencouldrecalltimeswhentheyhavewastedhoursexplainingwhytheyarepletelyrightabouteverythingintheworldonlytowakeupthenextdaytodiscoverthatnotonebrilliantpointgotthrough.ThosetimeswhenmenhaventlistenedtomeIjustthoughtIwasbeingignored.IdidntrealizeIjustwasntsingingtheirfavoritemusic.IfIdrealizedIwasbeingheardasmusicIwouldhavehadabitoffunwithit.WheneverIwantedadiscussionIdhavebroughtalongmyownbandpletewithstringandhornsections.Itisdifficultnottobesuspiciousofyetmorescientificfindingssparingmentheblamebecauseoftheirbiology.Isntthisslavestobiologyall-purposeexcusewearingthinItsenoughtomakeyouwonderatwhatastrangehelplessspeciesmenare----whichpartofthebodywillbebeyondtheircontrolnext.Evenifthereissomethinginitwehavetotakeintoaccountthatmostrelationshipsarelikelytobeeboring.Thatsthetruthofthematter.Maleorfemaleyourvoicemightstartoutasmusictoyourbelovedsears.Butfinallyitwillendupasboredom. Whenyourbeautifultonesarethereallthetimeastheygoabouttheirdailybusinessyoustarttoblendinabittoomuchuntilfinallyyoubeeakindofbackgroundnoise.1.Theauthorofthispassagetriesto___________.A.throwdoubtsonamonlyacceptedideaB.explainamonlyacceptedideaasitisC.givesomeadviceonamonproblemD.argueagainstamonbelief答案解析答案为B本题考查文章的写作目的本文第二段就揭示了为什么男性听不进去女性的话的原因,文章后面的内容对此进行了阐述故答案为B2.Accordingtothenewstudymendontlistentowomenbecause_________.A.whatwomensayareusuallyboringB.theydontcareaboutwhatwomensayC.theycantdealwithfemalevoicesD.theyregardfemalevoicesasmusic答案解析答案为C本题为推理题由第三段的内容可知,男性在听同性的话语的时候只是用了大脑的前面区域;然而听女性的话语的时候,却更费力,因为要使用通常用来听音乐的那部分的大脑区域故可推断,男性不听女性的话是因为他们大脑不能非常容易地处理女性的声音故答案为C干扰性最强的D选项“他们把女性的声音当成音乐”与文意不符故错误3.Theunderlinedsentenceinthefifthparagraphshowsthattheauthoris_______.A.realisticB.humorousC.seriousD.funny答案解析答案为B本题为句意推断题结合第五段的内容,作者以女性的口吻谈到如果她早意识到她是因为“音乐”而被男人倾听,她会为此而感到些许开怀无论何时,如果她想要一场“讨论”,就会带上自己的乐队,弦号俱全故可以推断,划线部分的语言显得幽默4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthefindingofthenewstudyA.Shethinksitdoubtful.B.Shethinksitinteresting.C.Shethinksitneedsfurtherproof.D.Shethinksitright.答案解析答案为A本题为细节推断题由倒数第三段首句“Itisdifficultnottobesuspiciousof…”可知,本句话的同义词就是doubtful..故答案为A5.Theauthorwouldmostprobablyagreethat________.A.menshouldacceptwhatwomensayB.womenshouldtalklessanddomorehouseworkC.howeverbeautifulvoicesmaybetheywillfinallybeeboringD.therelationshipbetweenmenandwomenshouldalwaysbeimproving答案解析答案为C本题为推理题从最后一段“Whenyourbeautifultonesarethereallthetimeastheygoabouttheirdailybusinessyoustarttoblendinabittoomuchuntilfinallyyoubeeakindofbackgroundnoise.”可知,当你美妙的旋律每天都出现在男人日常生活中的时候,最后也会变成背景噪音故答案为C.A、B未提及;倒数第二段首句提到了“…mostrelationshipsarelikelytobeeboring.”D选项与此不符,故错误阅读理解-Listencarefullyworkingpeoplewewouldliketotellyousomethingthatcouldsaveyourprecioustimeandmoney!Bestofallitisfree!It’s“no”.WhatdoyouaskWe’llsayitagain:“No”.Sweetandsimple“no”.Say“no”atyourofficeandseehowquicklythatpileofworkonyourdeskdisappears.“Saying‘no’toothersmeansyouaresaying‘yes’toyourself”saidLeslieCharlesaprofessionalspeakerfromEastLansingMichigan.“Timeisprecious.Peoplearespendingmoneybuyingtime.Andyetwearewillingtogiveupourtimebecausewecan’tsay‘no’.”SusieWatsonafamouswritersaidpeoplewhoalwayssay“yes”needtosay“no”withoutguilt内疚orfearofpunishment.“Iwouldratherhavesomeonegivemealoving‘no’thananobligated强制的‘yes’”shesaid.SusieWatsonsaysshefeels“no”obligationtogiveanexplanationwhenshesays“no”eithersociallyorprofessionally.Doesshefeelguiltyaboutit“Notatall”saidWatsonwhoisdirectorofadvertisingandpublicrelationsatTimexCorpinMiddleburyConneticut.“Mostpeopleareafraidofsaying‘no’…Myadviceistosay‘yes’onlyifyoudon’tmean‘no’.”Watsonsaid“no”isthemosteffectiveweaponagainstwastingtime.“Everyyeartherearemoredemandsonyourtime…Otherpeoplearehappytouseupyourtime”Watsonsaid.Timesavingappearstobe“no’s”greatestfriend.“No”canbeyournewfriendapowerfultooltotakebackyourlife.“No”mayeventakeyoufurtherinthebusinessworldthan“yes”.“No”ispowerandstrength.“No”nowseemspletelycorrect.“Saying‘no’isn’teasy.Butfinallyit’sgreatlyliberating”Charlessaid.Butheaddeda“no”projectneedstobeworkedoneverydaybecauseitishardtochangelong-termhabit.Buthealsowarns:“Don’tgotoextremes.Don’tfindyourselfsaying‘no’toeverything.Inreturnyoushouldlearntohear‘no’.”
1.Thesentence“Saying‘yes’toyourself”means_______.A.youcanhavemoretimetoplaywithothersB.youneedn’tcareaboutother’sfeelingifyouarehappyC.youareselfishandtreatothersrudelyD.youcandealwithyourbusinessasyouhaveplanned答案解析答案为D本题为细节推理题由第
五、六段可知,对别人说“不”就是对自己说“是”,当在办公室说“不”的时候,你可以看到你桌上的文件很快就完成了故答案为D
2.Whenyousay“no”toothersyoushouldsayitina_______.A.secretway B.politewayC.proudway D.guiltyway答案解析答案为B本题为细节推理题由第八段“…Iwouldratherhavesomeonegivemealoving‘no’…”的“loving”可以推断,答案为B
3.InWatson’sopinionpeoplecansavemuchtimeonconditionthat_______.A.theysay“no”atasuitabletimeB.theysay“no”asmuchaspossibleC.theyareafraidofsaying“no”D.theymakeothersangryatthem答案解析答案为A.本题为推理题结合倒数第五段的内容和该段的最后一句话“…Myadviceistosay‘yes’onlyifyoudon’tmean‘no’.”可知,Watson的总结性意见是如果你不打算对别人说“不”,那就说“是”故可以推断,说“不”要在合适的时间故答案为A
4.Ifapersonsays“no”toeverythingtheresultheorshereceivemaybethatheorshe_______.A.enjoysawonderfullifeB.makesalotofmoneyC.facesdifficultyinlife D.forgetstosay“yes”intheend答案解析答案为C本题为推理题由最后一段Charles所讲的“Don’tgotoextremes.Don’tfindyourselfsaying‘no’toeverything…”可知,他认为不能凡事都说“不”,不能走极端故可以推断,如果凡事说“不”,生活就会遇到麻烦。