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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解练习
(5)II高考英语任务型阅读考前精讲精练(答案)任务型阅读复习指导浙江省的任务型阅读采用了“六选五”型小标题配伍题型该题型较好地贯彻了浙江省高考英语《考试说明》的指导思想在考查学生英语语言知识和技能的同时,侧重考查学生综合运用语言获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力尤其侧重于考查学生语篇综合理解能力和归纳概括能力
一、题型特点浙江卷采用该题型已有三年,现将三年高考真题的特点列表分析如下年份词数体裁话题xx526议论文团队协作xx591说明文如何让你的生活简单化xx524议论文不要拖沓——今日事今日毕通过上表可知,浙江卷任务型阅读的选材有如下特点
1.篇幅在500-600词之间,文章比较长;
2.体裁主要为议论文和说明文,一般不考记叙文,因为记叙文多按故事情节展开,而不是分要点展开;
3.话题话题贴近学生生活,时代感强常见的话题有日常生活、学生生活、学习方法与技巧、环境保护、人际关系、科普知识等;
4.文章结构所选文章多为“总——分”型,即文章一般由两大部分组成引子+正文,正文部分则由五个部分组成,每个部分均由“小标题+说明”组成,各部分的说明是对小标题的阐释或论证需要特别说明的是,xx年该题型为选择每段的首句,而不再是子标题其实,各段首句也就是本段主题句,相当于本段落的子标题
二、真题实例分析xx年高考英语浙江卷下面文章中有5个段落需要添加首句第61~65题请从以下选项A、B、C、D、E和F选出适合各段落的首句选项中有一项是多余选项A.Timecanrunout.B.Tomorrowwon’tbebetter.C.Ideasneedtimetodevelop.D.Yourprofessorwillbeimpatient.E.Youblowoffyourchancesforhelp.F.Youareprobablyoverestimating高估thepain.NeverPutoffTomorrowWhatYouCanDoTodayWanttoputoffstudyingforthephysicstestOrwritingthatthirty-five-pageresearchpaperonfutureusesofbiotechnologySureyoudoAndwhowouldn’tButit’sstillasillyideatoputoffdoingsomethinguntilafuturetime.Hereiswhy...
61.Thetaskwillbestillthesame.Itwon’tbeanymorefunandyoustillwon’twanttodoit.Asthedeadlinegetscloserandcloserthetaskseemstobeelargerandlargerifyouhaven’tstartedthework.Andthestressincreases.Nownotonlydoyouhavetowritethatpaperyouhavetodoitundergreatpressure.
62.Beforeyoustartitseemsthatthetaskisunlikelytobeacplished.ButyouknowwhatYou’reprobablymiscalculating.Getstarted—maybeonasmallpiece—andyouwilldiscoverthatyouhavemoreresourcesandknowmoreaboutthesubjectthanyouthought.ResultYouwon’texperiencenearlyasmuchsufferingasyouexpectedto.Thingsareguaranteed—100percent—togetbetter.
63.Ifyouleaveyourworkbeforethenightbeforeit’sdueyougiveupthepossibilityofgettinginputfromyourprofessor.Professorsregularlygiveadvice—oratleastafewusefultips—duringofficehours.Unfortunatelythoughtheydon’tusuallyholdofficehoursatmidnightsoyouwillbeoutofluckwhenyoudiscoverthenightbeforethemidtermthatyouhavenoideahowtodothequestionsthatwillcountfortwo-thirdsofyourgrade.
64.Everwonderwhytheprofessorassignsthepapertwoweeksbeforeit’sdueIt’sbecauseheorsheexpectsyoutobethinkingabouttheissueordoingtheresearchfortwoweeks.Nonoteverywakingmomentbutatleastsomeofthetime.Afteralltheprofessorcouldjustaseasilyhavegiventheassignmentoneweekbeforeitwasdueifheorsheexpectedlessthinking.Mostcollegepapersrequireyoutohavesomekindofideathentospendsometimethinkingaboutitrevisingitandpolishingit.Whenyouthrowtogetherapaperorareportatthelastminuteyourideasarehalf-baked.Andyourprofessorwillknowit.
65.Ifyouputthingsoffatthelastminuteyoumightfindthatyouhaven’tbudgetedenoughminutestofinishthenecessarytasks.It’stheeasiestthingintheworldtomiscalculatehowlongitwilltaketodoalltheworkespeciallywhennewissuesarise—likeillnessfamilyproblemsputerbreakdownstroubleatworkandalltheotherthings—asyouarethinkingthroughyourpaperargumentorpreparingyourselffortheingtest.Ifyoukeepdelayingyoudon’tallowyourselftimeforthosevariouslifeeventsthathaveanadverse不利的effectonyourabilitytopleteyourassignment.有些学生喜欢拖延,岂不知明日复明日,明日何其多文章从五个方面论述了不能将今日事拖延至明日,应该今日事今日毕
61.B通读本段可知,本段从两个层面展开讨论
1.前两句任务依旧在那里,需要做,不会变得有趣,你依旧不愿做;
2.后三句越往后推,工作任务越发显得沉重,压力也就越大,你将需要在承受巨大压力之下完成任务显然,本段讨论的角度是向后拖延并不会带来什么好处
62.F根据itseemsthatthetaskisunlikelytobeacplished以及Youwon’texperiencenearlyasmuchsufferingasyouexpectedto可知,本段讨论的是你可能因为高估了困难而拖延,其实,完成任务并没有你想象的那么难
63.E根据yougiveupthepossibilityofgettinginputfromyourprofessor以及youwillbeoutofluck可知,本段分论点为把事情放到最后一刻去做,将会丧失获得帮助的机会本段论述方式为举例说明,例子为大学生如果把课业留在最后一刻,将会失去得到教授指导的机会D项有一定干扰性,但本段只是说晚上教授一般不工作,并没有说教授会失去耐心
64.C根据本段中出现的twoweeksnoteverywakingmomentbutatleastsomeofthetimeoneweekatthelastminute等可知,本段讨论的话题与时间相关选项中有两个选项与时间有关A项和C项A项说的是“时间会随着拖延而流失”,显然不是本段讨论的内容C项说的是“想法需要时间不断提升”,与本段内容吻合
65.A本段空格后的第一句如果人们习惯于将事情推到最后一刻去做,将可能发现没有预留出足够的时间来完成要做的事情最后一句生活中总是会有阻碍完成工作的各种事情发生,如果你有拖延的习惯,你将不会有时间去应付显然,本段讨论的是拖延到最后时刻,很容易导致时间不够用
三、解题步骤及方法指导本题型可以按以下步骤解题第一步阅读所提供的选项,推测文章主旨考生应先浏览所提供的选项,利用这些信息激活与文章主题相关的背景知识,同时根据所提供的选项去推测文章的内容,预测所要概括段落的内容第二步分段阅读,各个击破读每段话时,要注意其中的关键信息句与关键信息词,关键信息句与关键信息词可能出现在段落的开头,也可能出现在段落中间和段落的末尾,建议考生在阅读过程中划出段落主题句和关键信息词,阅读时应综合考虑整个段落,要能准确迅速提取出概括主旨的信息,初步确定一个能概括该段主旨大意的选项一般来说,段落的关键信息句与关键信息词往往就体现出了该段的主旨大意,但可能会对关键信息句换一种说法,或者用关键信息词的同义(近义)词以及同根词作为段落的主旨概括选项,这时候要看清选项真正的意思,灵活处理信息,做出正确选择同时还要注意分析段落的层次结构,注意段落的行文方式,特别是要注意段落行文过程话题和意义的转换,谨防出现以偏概全和错误概括的问题,考生一定要读完每个段落,因为有些段落的主旨会出现在段落的结尾本阶段应注意以下事项
1.认真比较选项的异同,确定各选项的关键词语,如xx年试题的A项和C项均涉及到time,但A项的重点在于runout,C项则为IdeasdevelopD.Yourprofessorwillbeimpatient.的关键词是impatient;E.Youblowoffyourchancesforhelp.的关键词是chancesforhelp;F.Youareprobablyoverestimatingthepain.的关键词是overestimatingthepain
2.使用过的选项要做出标记,这样,剩下的选项就会不断减少,后面段落答案的确定就可以大大减少用时建议直接使用其适用空白处的题号标记,简单明了多余选项予以排除后,可作特殊标记,以示区别确定各空答案的方法
1.高频词汇关联法一个段落围绕某一话题展开,必然会大量使用与该话题关联的词汇如上述64题一段出现了twoweeks,noteverywakingmomentbutatleastsomeofthetime,oneweek,atthelastminute等大量与time相关的词汇,由此可知,本段讨论的话题与时间相关从而可确定A项和C项的可能性最大
2.利用复现关系解题法复现是行文不可避免要使用的一种词汇衔接手段,它通过原词、同近义词、概括词等形式重复某一概念,从而使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起如上述63题,该段中的yougiveupthepossibilityofgettinginputfromyourprofessor实际上与E项Youblowoffyourchancesforhelp同义,属于复现关系复现包括原词复现、同根词复现、同近义复现、反义复现、上下义词复现和解释型复现
3.概括总结法对于那些无法通过上述方法解答的试题,恐怕我们就只能通过细读段落内容,概括总结出其主旨大意,然后再在选项中找到合适的选项如65题,我们就无法通过高频词语关联法或利用复现关系解题,此时,我们可认真阅读,自己总结段落大意第三步复核答案复核时,重点关注未被选的干扰项,防止出现错选阅读理解SittingonthepeacefulcoastofGalapagosIslands.EcuadorwatchingthesunmovequietlyintotheseayoushouldntforgetthatCharlesDarwin1809-1882arrivedherein
1835.Hestayedontheislandsforfiveweeksobservingvariousanimals.Thisfinallyinspired启发hisfamousworkOntheOriginofSpecies.YoucancertainlyfollowDarwinsfootstepsandenjoyatripfromfourtosevendaystotheislands.Theislandsarecertainlyaparadise天堂forwildlifeastherearenonaturalkillersontheislandsandthenumberofboatsandvisitorsisundergovernmentcontrol.ThoughyoucannotwalkfreelyasDarwindidabout200yearsagoeachdayisasimpressiveasitcouldbe.Themostwell-knownanimaloftheGalapagosisthegianttortoise巨型海龟whichcanbeseenmovingslowlyaroundthehighlandsofSanraCruzthesecondlargestislandinthearchipelago群岛.SomeofthesecreaturesaresooldthattheymighthavebeenseenintheiryouthbyDarwinhimself.DespitestrictcontroloveractivitiesandtimingyourstayontheGalapagoswillberememberedasachainofinparablepictures:divingwithsealionsthatswimandplaywithininchesofyou;feelingsmallsharkstouchyourfeetasyouswim;andmostmagicallyseeingawhaleandherbabysurfacewithagreatbreathofair.TravellingbetweentheislandsandobservingthewildlifethatsoinspiredDarwinyouwillfeelasthoughyouaregettingaspecialviewofanuntouchedworld.Atnightyouwillsleeponboardtheshipleavingthewildlifeinpleteoccupationoftheislandswhichareasundisturbednowastheyhavebeensincethebeginningoftime.
1.WhatdoweknowaboutDarwinsvisittotheislandsA.HestudieddifferentcreaturesontheislandsB.HepletedhisfamousbookontheislandsC.HewastouchedbythegeographyoftheislandsD.Hewasattractedbywell-knownanimalsoftheislands
2.WhichofthefollowingplaysaroleinmakingtheislandsaparadiseforwildlifeA.Animalsontheislandsfeedongrass.B.Localgovernmentforbidskillingwildlife.C.Peoplecannotvisittheislandsastheywish.D.Touristsarenotallowedtotouchtheanimals.
3.Yourstayontheislandswillbemostimpressivemainlybecauseof_________.A.ThebeautifulseaviewsB.DarwinsinspiringtripC.acloserviewofanimalsD.variousdaringactivities
4.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassageA.AUniqueAttractionforWildlifeLoversB.CalapagosasaParadiseforAdventuresC.CharlesDarwinasaSymbolofGalapagosD.ASuccessfulExampleofWildlifeProtection【语篇解读语篇解读】本文介绍了一个冒险家的乐园GalapagosIslands达尔文曾在这儿受到启发写语篇解读出了《物种起源》一书同时由于这儿保护得很好直到现在依然是旅游的好去处.
1.答案A【解析】细节理解题.由文中的Hestayedontheislandsforfiveweeksobservingvariousanimals.可知达尔文在这儿观察了各种各样的动物.
2.答案C【解析】细节理解题.根据文中...strictcontroloveractivitiesandtiming...可知当地对游客的活动和参观时间都是有严格限制的所以答案选C项.
3.答案C【解析】细节理解题.根据yourstayontheGalapagoswillberememberedasachainofinparablepictures:divingwithsealionsthatswimandplaywithininchesofyou;feelingsmallsharkstouchyourfeetasyouswim;andmostmagicallyseeingawhaleandherbabysurfacewithagreatbreathofair.可知在Galapagos岛上能与动物亲密接触.
4.答案A【解析】主旨大意题.这篇文章主要是向我们推荐GalapagosIslands因此题目要具有醒目的特点方能达到吸引读者眼球的目的故题目以A为佳阅读理解Inthemoreandmorepetitiveserviceindustryitisnolongerenoughtopromisecustomersatisfaction.Todaycustomer“delight”iswhatpaniesaretryingtoachieveinorordertokeepandincreasemarketshare.Itisacceptedinthemarketingindustryandconfirmedbyanumberofresearchesthatcustomersreceivinggoodservicewillpromotebusinessbytellingupto12otherpeople:thosetreatedbadlywilltelltheirtalesofwoetoupto20people80percentofpeoplewhofeeltheirplaintsarehandledfairlywillstayloyalNewlungesforcustomercarehaveewhenpeoplecanobtaingoodsandservicesthroughtelephonecallcentersandtheInternet.Forexamplemanypaniesnowhavetoinvest投资alotofmoneyininformationtechnologyandstafftraininginordertocopewiththe“phonerage”—causedbydelaysinansweringcallsbeingcutoffinmid-conversationorleftwaitingforlongperiods.“Manypeopledonotliketalkingtomachines”saysDr.StoreySeniorLecturerinMarketingatCityUniversityBusinessSchool.“Banksforexampleencouragestaffatcallcenterstousecustomerdatatoestablishinstantandgoodrelationshipwiththem.Theaimistomakethecustomerfeeltheyknowyouandthatyoucantrust—thesortoffortablefeelingspeoplehaveduringface-to-facechatswiththeirlocalbranchmanager.”Remendedwaysofcreatingcustomerdelightinclude:under-promisingandover-deliveringsayingthatarepairwillbecalmedoutwithinfivehoursbutgettingitdonewithintwo;replacingafaultyproductimmediately:throwinginagiftvoucher购物礼卷asanunexpected“thankyou”torentalcustomers;andalwaysreturningcallsevenwhentheyareplaints.Aimingforcustomerdelightisallverywellbutifservicesdonotreachthehighlevelpromiseddisappointmentorworsewillbetheresult.Thiscanbeeasedbyofferinganapologyandanexplanationofwhytheservicedidnotmeetusualstandardswithempathyforexample”Iknowhowyoumustfeel”andpossiblesolutionsreplacementpensationorwhateverfamessuggestsbestmeetsthecase.Airlinesfacesomeofthetoughestchallengesovercustomercare.Fiercepetitionhasconvincedthemthatdelightingpassengersisanimportantmarketingtoolwhilethereisgreatpotentialforcustomerangeroverdelayscausedbyweatherunclaimedluggageandtechnicalproblems.ForBritishAirwaysstaffawinningtelephonestyleisconsideredvitalinhandlingthelargevolumeofcallsaboutbookingsandflighttimes.Theyaretrainedtoanswerquicklywiththeirnamejobtitleanda“weareheretohelp”attitude.Thepanyhasinvestedheavilyininformationtechnologytomakesurethatinformationisavailableinstantlyonscreen.BritishAirwaysalsosaysitscustomercarepoliciesareappliedwithinthepanyandstaffaretaughttoregardeachotherascustomersrequiringthehigheststandardsofservice.Customercareisobviouslyheretostayanditwouldbeafoolishpanythatusedsloganssuchaswedoasweplease”.Ontheotherhandthemorecustomersarepromisedthegreatertheriskofdisappointment.
1.WecanlearnfromParagraph2that.A.plainingcustomersarehardtosatisfyB.unsatisfiedcustomersreceivebetterserviceC.SatisfiedcustomerscatchmoreattentionD.well-treatedcustomerspromotebusiness
2.Thewritermentions“phonerage”Paragraph3toshowthat.A.customersoftenusephonestoexpresstheirangerB.peoplestillprefertobuygoodsonlineC.customercarebeesmoreattentionD.customersrelyontheirphonestoobtainservices
3.WhatdoesthewriterremendtocreatedelightA.CallingcustomersregularlyB.Givinga“thankyou”note.C.DeliveringaquickerserviceD.Promisingmoregifts.
4.IfamanagershouldshowhisempathyParagraph6whatwouldheprobablysayA.“Iknowhowupsetyoumustbe.”B.“Iappreciateyourunderstanding.”C.“I’msorryforthedelay.”D.“Iknowit’sourfault.”
5.Customerdelightisimportantforairlinesbecause.A.theirtelephonestyleremainsunchangedB.theyaremorelikelytomeetwithplaintsC.theservicescostthemalotofmoneyD.thepoliciescanbeappliedtotheirstaff
6.WhichofthefollowingisconveyedinthisarticleA.Face-to-faceservicecreatesfortablefeelingsamongcustomers.B.paniesthatpromisemorewillnaturallyattractmorecustomers.C.Apanyshouldpromiselessbutdomoreinapetitivemarket.D.Customerdelightismoreimportantforairlinesthanforbanks.参考答案、DCCABC。