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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解选练
(2)VI阅读理解Twofriendshaveanargumentthatbreaksuptheirfriendshipforevereventhoughneitheronecanrememberhowthewholethinggotstarted.Suchsadeventshappenoverandoverinhighschoolsacrossthecountry.Infactaccordingtoanofficialreportonyouthviolence“Inourcountrytodaythegreatestthreattothelivesofchildrenandadolescentsisnotdiseaseorstarvationorabandonmentbuttheterriblerealityofviolence”.Giventhatthisisthecasewhyaren’tstudentstaughttomanageconflictthewaytheyaretaughttosolvemathproblemsdrivecarsorstayphysicallyfitFirstofallstudentsneedtorealizethatconflictisunavoidable.Areportonviolenceamongmiddleschoolandhighschoolstudentsindicatesthatmostviolentincidentsbetweenstudentsbeginwitharelativelyminorinsult侮辱.Forexampleafightcouldstartoverthefactthatonestudenteatsapeanutbuttersandwicheachlunchtime.Laughteroverthesandwichcanleadtoinsultswhichinturncanleadtoviolence.Theproblemisn’tinthesandwichbutinthewaystudentsdealwiththeconflict.Oncestudentsrecognizethatconflictisunavoidabletheycanpracticethegoldenruleofconflictresolution解决:staycalm.Oncethestudentfeelscalmerheorsheshouldchoosewordsthatwillcalmtheotherpersondownaswell.Rudewordsname-callingandaccusationsonlyaddfueltotheemotionalfire.Ontheotherhandsoftwordsspokenatanormalsoundlevelcanputoutthefirebeforeitexplodesoutofcontrol.Afterbothsideshavecalmeddowntheycanuseanotherkeystrategy策略forconflictresolution:listening.Listeningallowsthetwosidestounderstandeachother.Onepersonshoulddescribehisorhersideandtheotherpersonshouldlistenwithoutinterrupting.Afterwardthelistenercanasknon-threateningquestionstoclarifythespeaker’sposition.Thenthetwopeopleshouldchangeroles.Finallystudentsneedtoconsiderwhattheyarehearing.Thisdoesn’tmeantryingtofigureoutwhat’swrongwiththeotherperson.Itmeansunderstandingwhattherealissueisandwhatbothsidesaretryingtoacplish.Forexampleashoutingmatchoverapeanutbuttersandwichmighthappenbecauseonepersonthinkstheotherpersonisunwillingtotrynewthings.Studentsneedtoaskthemselvesquestionssuchasthese:HowdidthisstartWhatdoIreallywantWhatamIafraidofAstheissuebeesclearertheconflictoftensimplybeessmaller.Evenifitdoesn’tcarefulthoughthelpsbothsidesfigureoutamutualsolution.Therewillalwaysbeconflictinschoolsbutthatdoesn’tmeanthereneedstobeviolence.AfterstudentsinAtlantastartedaconflictresolutionprogramaccordingtoEducatorsforSocialResponsibility“64percentoftheteachersreportedlessphysicalviolenceintheclassroom;75percentoftheteachersreportedanincreaseinstudentcooperation;and92percentofthestudentsfeltbetteraboutthemselves”.Learningtoresolveconflictscanhelpstudentsdealwithfriendsteachersparentsbossesandcoworkers.Inthatwayconflictresolutionisabasiclifeskillthatshouldbetaughtinschoolsacrossthecountry.
1.Thisarticleismainlyabout . A.thelivesofschoolchildren B.thecauseofargumentsinschoolsC.howtoanalyzeyouthviolence D.howtodealwithschoolconflicts
2.FromParagraph2wecanlearnthat . A.violenceismorelikelytooccuratlunchtime B.asmallconflictcanleadtoviolenceC.studentstendtolosetheirtempereasilyD.theeatinghabitofastudentisoftenthecauseofafight
3.WhydostudentsneedtoaskthemselvesthequestionsstatedinParagraph5A.Tofindoutwhoistoblame.B.Togetreadytotrynewthings.C.Tomakeclearwhattherealissueis.D.Tofigureouthowtostoptheshoutingmatch.
4.AftertheconflictresolutionprogramwasstartedinAtlantaitwasfoundthat . A.therewasdecreaseinclassroomviolenceB.therewaslessstudentcooperationintheclassroomC.moreteachersfeltbetteraboutthemselvesinschoolsD.theteacher-studentrelationshipgreatlyimproved
5.Thewriter’spurposeforwritingthisarticleisto . A.plainaboutproblemsinschooleducationB.teachstudentsdifferentstrategiesforschoollifeC.advocateteachingconflictmanagementinschoolsD.informteachersofthelateststudiesonschoolviolence【参考答案】
41.DBCAC阅读理解DoyouwanttolovewhatyoudoforalivingFollowyourpassion.Thispieceofadviceprovidesthefoundationformodernthinkingoncareersatisfaction.Butthiscanbeaproblem.Ivespentthepastseveralyearsresearchingandwritingaboutthedifferentstrategiesweusetoseekhappinessinourwork.Itbecameclearearlyintheprocessthatthesuggestionto”followyourpassionwasflawedforitlacksscientificevidence.Howeveritdoesntmeanyoushouldabandonthegoaloffeelingpassionateaboutyourwork.Therealityemphasizesthatthingsarequiteplicated.Passionisearned.Differentpeoplearelookingfordifferentthingsintheirworkbutgenerallypeoplewithsatisfyingcareersenjoysomebinationofthefollowingfeatures:autonomy,respect,petence,creativity,andasenseofimpact.Inotherwords,ifyouwanttofeelpassionateaboutyourlivelihood,dontseektheperfectjob,butseektogetmoreofthesefeaturesinthejobyoualreadyhave.Passioniselusive难捉摸的).Manypeopledeveloptherareandvaluableskillsleadingtopassionbutstillendupunhappyintheirwork.Theproblemisthatthefeaturesleadingyoutoloveyourworkaremorelikelytobeusefultoyouthanyourorganization.Asyoubeeincreasingly‘‘valuable”,forexampleyourbossmightpushyoutowardtraditionalpromotionsthatewithmorepayandmoreresponsibilityasthisiswhatismostusefultoyourpany.Howeveryoumightfindmorepassionbyapplyingyourvaluetogainautonomyinyourscheduleorprojectselection.Passionisdangerous.Ivewatchedtoomanyofmypeersfallintoanxietyandchronicjob-hoppirigduetothe‘‘followyourpassion”advice.Theissueisexpectations.Ifyoubelieveweallhaveapre-existingpassion,andthatmatchingittoajobwillleadtoinstantworkplacehappinessrealitywillalwayspaleinparison.Workishard.Noteverydayisfun.Ifyoureseekingadreamjobyoullendupfrustratedagainandagain.Dontsetouttodiscoverpassion.Insteadsetouttodevelopit.Thispathmightbelongerandmoreplicatedthanwhatmostcheerfulcareerguidesmightadvocate,butitsapathmuchmorelikelytoleadyousomewhereworthgoing.
67.Peoplesatisfiedwiththeircareersare_______.A.autonomousandpassionate B.creativeandpetentC.respectableandsensitive D.creativeandpassionate
68.WhatistheauthorsadviceonachievingcareersatisfactionA.Developingpassionforwhatoneisdoing.B.Matchingthepre-existingpassiontooneswork.C.Figuringoutearlywhatonewilldointhefuture.D.Discoveringskillsthatleadtointerestingcareers.
69.TheunderlinedsentenceinPara.5probablymeansthat_______.A.itisnoteasytomatchourpassionwithourjobsB.weshouldntthinkeveryonehasapre-existingpassionC.highexpectationsofpassioninjobsbringdisappointmentD.workplacehappinessdoesnotrequireapre-existingpassion
70.Whatstheauthorsattitudetowardstheadviceof“followingyourpassion”?A.Ambiguous. B.Supportive. C.Cautious. D.Disapproving.【参考答案】
1.67-70BACD 高考英语单项选择考前精讲精练(答案)单项填空题解题策略纵观近几年的高考单项填空题,我们可以发现单项填空题的内容越来越贴近学生的日常生活,语言更加灵活,考点较为明确,淡化了对语法知识机械记忆的考查,强调语言的交际功能单项填空题目设置非常灵活,看似简单,却不容易答对,设有很多的“陷阱”使考生容易出错因此,掌握相应的解题方法对快速、准确地答题是很有必要的
一、简化法题干中的插入语、同位语、修饰语或其他附加信息等使得句子难度增加,解题时可将这类成分删除,起到化繁为简的作用,以迅速找到解题的切入点【考例1】Letthoseinneed______thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.xx陕西A.tounderstandB.understandC.understandingD.understood解析介词短语inneed修饰those,将其去掉,句子变为Letthose______thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.不难看出本题考查letsbdosth结构,故答案为B【考例2】“Neverforasecond”theboysays“______thatmyfatherwouldetomyrescue.”xx江苏A.IdoubtedB.doIdoubtC.IhavedoubtedD.didIdoubt解析将theboysays去掉,句子变为Neverforasecond______thatmyfatherwouldetomyrescue可以看出本题考查倒装结构,再根据宾语从句中的时态可知应选D项
二、补全法在一些单项填空题中,题干省略了某些成分,增加了试题的难度我们可以补全句子,使句子结构完整、语境清楚,解题也就更容易了【考例】Therearesomehealthproblemsthatwhen______intimecanbeebiggeroneslateron.xx浙江A.nottreatedB.notbeingtreatedC.nottobetreatedD.nothavingbeentreated解析题干中省略了主语和be动词,如果把省略部分补全,句子应为Therearesomehealthproblemsthatwhentheyare______intime,canbeebiggeroneslateron.答案为A
三、还原法高考命题常以复杂的句型来增加考题的难度,有意给学生造成理解和判断上的困难面对这种题型,考生要能透过复杂的语言环境,结合语法结构,还原出“庐山真面目”这样题目就会变得简单,如将感叹句、倒装句、疑问句改为陈述句,将被动句改为主动句等【考例】Amongthecrisesthatfacehumans______thelackofnaturalresources.xx上海A.isB.areC.isthereD.arethere解析:如果把题干中的倒装句改为正常语序,句子表达为Thelackofnaturalresources______amongthecrisesthatfacehumans.我们可以看出此题是对主谓一致的考查,答案为A
四、语境分析法近年来的高考题往往自然、巧妙地设置一定的语言情景或故意隐藏某些有效的信息考生仅凭语法知识来判断往往很难做出正确选择,只有分析具体的语言情境,抓住隐含信息,才能找出答案【考例】—DoyouthinkMomandDad______late—No.SwissAirisusuallyontime.xx北京A.wereB.willbeC.wouldbeD.havebeen解析:句意——你认为爸爸和妈妈会晚到吗?——不会的,瑞士航空一向准时根据语境可知“爸爸和妈妈的飞机还未到”,应该用一般将来时,故选B项
五、词义辨析法名词、动词或短语动词、形容词、副词、代词等的辨析是历年高考单项填空题的考查热点做此类题时,考生要注意对句意做出正确理解,对选项进行比较分析,从而选出正确答案【考例】Butterflies______asweetliquidproducedbyflowerswhichbeesandotherinsectscollect.xx湖北A.carryonB.feedonC.putonD.focuson解析该题考查“动词+on”构成的短语动词辨析carryon继续;feedon以……为食;puton穿上,上演;focuson集中于句意蝴蝶以花蜜为食,这些花蜜是蜜蜂和其它昆虫采集的根据句意选B
六、关键信息提示法解答单项填空题时,应特别留意题干中的关键词语,这些词语揭示了答题的关键信息例如时态题中表示时间的关键词、倒装句中位于句首的关键词以及引起句子使用虚拟语气的词等【考例1】Eyedoctorsremendthatachild’sfirsteyeexam______attheageofsixmonthsold.xx浙江A.wasB.beC.wereD.is解析题干中remend是答题的关键,其后接宾语从句要用虚拟语气谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略,故答案为B【考例2】I’mcallingabouttheapartmentyou______theotherday.Couldyoutellmemoreaboutitxx安徽A.advertisedB.hadadvertisedC.areadvertisingD.willadvertise解析此题的关键信息是theotherday,通常与一般过去时连用,故选A
七、句子结构分析法对长难句的句子结构分析也是考点之一做题时要分清是简单句还是复合句,判断出句子是否缺少成分,然后根据相关的语法知识做出正确的选择【考例】Hemaywinthepetition______heislikelytogetintothenationalteam.xx辽宁A.inwhichcaseB.inthatcaseC.inwhatcaseD.inwhosecase解析分析句子结构可知Hemaywinthepetition是主句,______heislikelytogetintothenationalteam是定语从句答案为A此题如果不分析句子结构,很容易误选B项;如果选B项,句子应为Hemaywinthepetitionandinthatcaseheislikelytogetintothenationalteam.
八、注意固定搭配固定句型固定搭配和固定句型是单项填空考查的热点,考生在英语学习过程中要多积累多记忆,此类试题就会很容易地解决【考例】Tonycanhardlyboilaneggstill______cookdinner.xx全国ⅠA.lessB.littleC.muchD.more解析stillless为固定搭配,表示“更不用说,何况”,前面常与否定词连用答案为A
九、排除思维定式干扰有些单项填空题利用常见短语、结构或句型等来设置解题陷阱,若考生不注意分析句子结构,不弄清句子的意思就轻率作答,很容易犯错因此,对于那些看似容易的题不要急于作答,而应把握全句含义,避开设置的陷阱【考例】Istoppedthecar______ashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.xx山东A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.taken解析若不注意分析该句含义,可能会误认为考查stop…fromdoingsth结构而选B,但根据句意“因为感觉疲惫,我停车以便做短暂休息”可知此处用不定式作目的状语,故选C总之,同学们要在牢固掌握英语基础知识的基础上灵活运用各种解题技巧和方法,举一反三,这样才能收到事半功倍的效果。