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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解选练
(4)I阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项Youcantalwayspredictaheavyrainorrememberyourumbrella.ButdesignerMikhailBelyaevdoesntthinkthatforgettingtochecktheweatherforecastbeforeheadingoutshouldresultinyougettingwet.ThatswhyhecreatedLampbrellaalamppostwithitsownrain-sensingumbrella.ThedesignersayshecameupwiththeideaafterwatchingpeoplegetwetonstreetsinRussia.“OnceIwasdrivingonacentralSaintPetersburgstreetandsawthestreetlampslightinguppeopletryingtohidefromtherain.Ithoughtitwouldbeappropriatetohaveacanopy伞篷builtintoastreetlamp,”hesaid.TheLampbrellaisastandard-lookingstreetlampfittedwithanumbrellacanopy.Ithasabuilt-inelectricmotorwhichcanopenorclosetheumbrellaondemand.Sensors传感器thenensurethattheumbrellaofferspedestriansshelterwheneveritstartsraining.Inadditiontotherainsensortheresalsoa360°motionsensoronthefiberglassstreetlampwhichdetectswhetheranyoneisusingtheLampbrella.Afterthreeminutesofnotbeingusedthecanopyisclosed.AccordingtothedesignertheLampbrellawouldmoveatarelativelylowspeedsoasnottocauseharmtothepedestrians.Besidesitwouldbegroundedtoprotectfrompossiblelightningstrike.EachLampbrellawouldofferenoughshelterforseveralpeople.Beinginstalled安装at2metersoffthegrounditwouldonlybeadangerforthetallestofpedestrians.WhiletherearenoplanstotaketheLampbrellaintoproductionBelyaevsaysherecentlyintroducedhiscreationtooneMoscowDepartmentandinsistshiscreationcouldbeinstalledonanystreetwherealotofpeoplewalkbuttherearenocanopiestoprovideshelter.
66.ForwhatpurposedidBelyaevcreatetheLampbrellaA.Topredictaheavyrain.B.Tochecktheweatherforecast.C.Toprotectpeoplefromtherain.D.Toremindpeopletotakeanumbrella.67.WhatdoweknowfromBelyaevswordsinParagraph2A.Hiscreationwasinspiredbyanexperience.B.ItrainsalotinthecityofSaintPetersburg.C.Streetlampsareprotectedbycanopies.D.Heenjoyedtakingwalksintherain.68.WhichofthefollowingshowshowtheLampbrellaworksA.motor→canopy→sensorsB.sensors→motor→canopyC.motor→sensors→canopyD.canopy→motor→sensors69.WhatdoesParagraph5mainlytellusabouttheLampbrellaA.Itsmovingspeed.B.Itsappearance.C.Itsinstallation.D.Itssafety.70.WhatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphA.Thedesignerwillopenapanytopromotehisproduct.B.TheLampbrellacouldbeputintoimmediateproduction.C.Thedesignerisconfidentthathiscreationispractical.D.TheLampbrellawouldbeputonshowinMoscow.【要点综述】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍设计师MikhailBelyaev设计的Lampbrella,它能给街道上的人们遮雨虽然这一设计还没有实施,但是MikhailBelyaev却对自己的设计很自信66.C 考查细节理解从第一段的“ButdesignerMikhailBelyaevdoesntthinkthatforgettingtochecktheweatherforecastbeforeheadingoutshouldresultinyougettingwet.ThatswhyhecreatedLampbrella…”可知MikhailBelyaev设计Lampbrella是为了给街道上的人们遮雨的67.A 考查推理判断从MikhailBelyaev说的话“Iwasdriving…andsawthestreetlampslightinguppeopletryingtohidefromtherain.Ithoughtitwouldbeappropriatetohaveacanopybuiltintoastreetlamp.”可知,他的创意灵感来自他的一次生活体验故选A68.B 考查细节理解从第三段的内容可找到答案,Lampbrella工作的过程是先通过传感器sensors,传到发动机motor,再到伞篷canopy打开故选B69.D 考查主旨大意从本段的“soasnottocauseharmtothepedestrians”和“Beinginstalledat2metersoffthegrounditwouldonlybeadangerforthetallestofpedestrians”可知该段是讲Lampbrella的安全性70.C 考查推理判断从本段MikhailBelyaev说的话看出他对自己的设计很自信故选C阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项[xx·模拟题]Fearmaybefeltintheheartaswellasinthehead,accordingtoastudythathasfoundalinkbetweenthecyclesofabeatingheartandthechanceofsomeonefeelingfear.Testsonhealthyvolunteersfoundthattheyweremorelikelytofeelasenseoffearatthemomentwhentheirheartsarecontracting收缩andpumpingbloodaroundtheirbodies,paredwiththepointwhentheheartbeatisrelaxed.Scientistssaytheresultssuggestthattheheartisabletoinfluencehowthebrainrespondstoafearfulevent,dependingonwhichpointitisatinitsregularcycleofcontractionandrelaxation.SarahGarfinkelattheBrightonandSussexMedicalSchoolsaid“Ourstudyshowsforthefirsttimethatthewayinwhichwedealwithfearisdifferentdependingonwhenweseefearfulpicturesinrelationtoourheart.”Thestudytested20healthyvolunteersontheirreactionstofearastheywereshownpicturesoffearfulfaces.DrGarfinkelsaid,“Thestudyshowedthatfearfulfacesarebetternoticedwhentheheartispumpingthanwhenitisrelaxed.Thusourheartscanalsoaffectwhatweseeandwhatwedontsee—andguidewhetherweseefear.”Tofurtherunderstandthisrelationship,thescientistsalsousedabrainscanner扫描仪toshowhowthebraininfluencesthewaytheheartchangesapersonsfeelingoffear.“Wehavefoundanimportantmechanismbywhichtheheartandbrain‘speak’toeachothertochangeourfeelingsandreducefear,”DrGarfinkelsaid.“Wehopethatbyincreasingourunderstandingabouthowfearisdealtwithandwaysthatitcouldbereducedwemaybeabletodevelopmoresuccessfultreatmentsforanxietydisorders,andalsoforthosewhomaybesufferingfromseriousstressdisorder.”47.WhatisthefindingofthestudyA.Onesheartaffectshowhefeelsfear.B.Fearisaresultofonesrelaxedheartbeat.C.Fearhassomethingtodowithoneshealth.D.Onesfastheartbeatsarelikelytocausefear.48.Thestudywascarriedoutbyanalyzing________.A.volunteersheartbeatswhentheysawterriblepicturesB.thetimevolunteerssawfearfulpicturesandtheirhealthconditionsC.volunteersreactionstohorriblepicturesanddatafromtheirbrainscansD.differentpicturesshowntovolunteersandtheirheart-brainmunication49.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“mechanism”inParagraph6A.Order.B.System.C.Machine.D.Treatment.50.Thisstudymaycontributeto________.A.treatinganxietyandstressbetterB.explainingthecycleoffearandanxietyC.findingthekeytotheheart-brainmunicationD.understandingdifferentfearsinourheartsandheads【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文文章说明了人的恐惧与心脏和大脑的关系47.A 细节理解题根据第四段“Thestudyshowedthatfearfulfacesarebetternoticedwhentheheartispumpingthanwhenitisrelaxed.Thusourheartscanalsoaffectwhatweseeandwhatwedontsee—andguidewhetherweseefear.”可知一个人的心脏影响一个人的恐惧程度故选A48.C 细节理解题根据第四段“Thestudytested20healthyvolunteersontheirreactionstofearastheywereshownpicturesoffearfulfaces.”以及第五段“Tofurtherunderstandthisrelationshipthescientistsalsousedabrainscanner扫描仪toshowhowthebraininfluencesthewaytheheartchangesapersonsfeelingoffear.”可知选C49.B 词义猜测题根据第六段“Wehavefoundanimportantmechanismbywhichtheheartandbrain‘speak’toeachothertochangeourfeelingsandreducefear”可知,我们已经发现了一个重要的机制,使心脏和大脑“对话”,以此来改变我们的感情和减少恐惧故选B50.A 推理判断题根据最后一段“…wemaybeabletodevelopmoresuccessfultreatmentsforanxietydisordersandalsoforthosewhomaybesufferingfromseriousstressdisorder.”可推出选A阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项YouneedtobeofacertainagetounderstandwhysomanypeopleinHollywoodarecaringaboutthepossibleclosingdownofMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer米高梅电影公司.Forthepast40yearsitsoutputhasbeengoodbutnowitisontheropeswithdebtsof$
3.7billionandwillhavetoselloffitsmostvaluableassets资产.InitsgoldentimeMGMstoodforsomething.IfWarnerBrothersmeantsocialdramasandgangstermoviesandDisneymeantcartoonfilmsthenMGMwashealthyfantasy.Thisbusinessmodelfounditsmostgloriousexpressioninitsmusicals音乐剧ofthepost-warera.ItalsofeaturedsuchmanyfamousstarsasFredAstaireFrankSinatraGeneKellyandJudyGarland.ButMGMhadalwaysputitshopesonthequalityofstarsitcouldattract.FromthetimeMGMbecameapanyin1924thestudioandhisassociateprovedthemselvesgoodatcreatingbignames.For35yearsthisworkedwellenoughbutthegrowingpoweroftelevisiondisturbedHollywood.MGMcontinuedtothrowmoneyintomakinggorgeous-lookingmusicalsbutdespitesomebigsuccessesaudiencesgraduallystartedtodriftaway.ThroughoutthesixtiesMGMsdeclinesetin.Thingswentfrombadtoworse.In1973MGMstoppeddistributingitsownfilms.SincethentheLionsroarhasbeenreducedtoawhimper呜咽.HowfarMGMhasfallencanbeshownbyitsrecentreleases.Thiswasastudiothatforyearsofferedareliablesupplyoffirst-classfilms.Yetlastyearitstotaloutputwasthree.Tomakeitworseallwereco-producedwithotherstudios.AndthisyearOnlyonesofarandmaybethelast.WhatnowMGMwillprobablybesoldthoughrecentbuyershavebeencautiousaboutapricethoughttobearound$2billion.
1.MGMisbeingthefocusinHollywoodbecauseit_______.A.hasmoresupportersB.hasproducedgoodfilmsC.mightbecloseddownD.haslostallitsassets
2.WhatcanwelearnaboutMGMfromthetextA.Ithasbeensoldoutforaround$2billion.B.TheInternetwasafactorcausingitsdecline.C.Itonlyproducedthreefilmsbyitselflastyear.D.Itmadeawrongdecisionforitsdevelopment.
3.WhatsthemainideaofthetextA.ThepastgloriesofMGM.B.ThemusicalsmadebyMGM.C.ThedeclineofMGM.D.AhistoricaldecisionbyMGM.【参考答案】1—
3、CDC1—
4、CDDA1—
4、BDCD阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项Asthenewsemesterbeginsmillionsofcollegestudentsacrossthecountryaretryinghardtorememberhowbesttowriteapaperormorelikelyhowbesttodelaythatpaper.Procrastinationisthethiefoftimeandalotofstudentssufferfromit.TheycanspendwholedaysinthelibrarydoingnothingbutstaringintospaceeatingsnackssurfingtheInternetwatchingvideosandlookingatotherstudentssittingaroundthemwhomostlikelyaredoingnothingeither.Paralyzedbytheirhabittoprocrastinatetheywritemicroblogsabouttheirfearsaskingtheironlinefriendsiftheysometimeshavethesameissue.Butthisdoesnothingtobreakthespell魔咒.Accordingtoarecentreport95percentofusprocrastinateatsomepointand20percentoftheworld’spopulationarealwaysprocrastinating.Thefiguresaredisappointing.Procrastinatorsarelesswealthylesshealthyandlesshappythanthosewhodon’tdelay.ProcrastinatorsliketofindexcusestojustifytheirbehaviorbutBBCcolumnistRowanPellingsaystheyareallwrong.Manyprocrastinatorstellthemselvestheyareperfectionistswhoworkbestunderpressure.Pellingsaysthisisnonsenseasworkdoneatthelastminuteismorelikelytohavemistakesthanworkdoneontime.Thebehaviorofprocrastinatorsoftenmakesthemfeelashamedinconveniencesothersandannoyslovedones.Pellingalsopointsoutthatprocrastinationfeelsparticularlydelinquent过失的)inasocietythatthinksofswiftactionasadmirableandattimesevenasamoralgood.Fortunatelysocialscientistshavethrowntheirweightbehindeffortstounderstandthisbehavioralmistakeandofferstrategiestocontrolit.PiersSteelaCanadiansocialscientistandauthorofTheProcrastinationEquationbelieveshumanis“designed”toprocrastinate.Neverthelesshesuggestsacoupleofgoodwaystogetthroughthetaskathand.
41.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphswecanlearnthat_____.A.procrastinationisbeneficialtomanystudentsB.manystudentsareundergreatpressureintheirstudyC.lotsofcollegestudentsareworkinghardtowritegoodarticlesontimeD.manystudentsaregettingintothehabitofdelayingfinishingtheirtasks【答案】D【解析】段落大意题根据中心句Procrastinationisthethiefoftimeandalotofstudentssufferfromit.可知许多学生都有拖延完成任务的时间的习惯,故选D
42.Accordingtothepassageprocrastinationprobablyrefersto_____.A.abadhabitB.aseriousillnessC.adifficulttaskD.aformofentertainment【答案】A【解析】细节理解题根据Procrastinationisthethiefoftimeandalotofstudentssufferfromit.Paralyzedbytheirhabittoprocrastinate可知拖延是一种坏的习惯,故选A
43.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisWRONGA.Procrastinationmakespeoplewastetheirtime.B.Procrastinatorsusuallypletetheirtasksperfectly.C.Swiftactionisconsideredasamoralstandardinthesociety.D.Procrastinationismonamongpeople.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题根据Manyprocrastinatorstellthemselvestheyareperfectionistswhoworkbestunderpressure.Pellingsaysthisisnonsenseasworkdoneatthelastminuteismorelikelytohavemistakesthanworkdoneontime.拖延时间完成作业有可能因为时间紧,会出现更多的错误,选项B叙述的是拖延时间有可能完成工作更好,这与原文不符,故选B
44.WhichbehaviorbelongstoprocrastinationA.Neverdreamawaythetime.B.Alwayspletethetasksaheadoftime.C.Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatshouldbedonetoday.D.Alwayswaittoworkuntilthe“goodmood”or“goodtime”.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题根据Procrastinationisthethiefoftime拖延时间就是开始有任务时不做,等到自己感觉有好心情了,有好时机了在做,故选D
45.WhatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollowsA.Measurestodealwithprocrastination.B.Approachestohandlingthestudypressures.C.Moreexamplestoillustrateprocrastination.D.IntroductiontothebookTheProcrastinationEquation.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题根据Neverthelesshesuggestsacoupleofgoodwaystogetthroughthetaskathand.既然存在拖延时间的坏习惯,那么就应该采取措施处理这种坏习惯,故选A。