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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解(十一月)练习
(2)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项TheMostImportantofAllHumanQualitiesisaSenseofHumorBiologicallythereisonlyonequalitywhichdistinguishesusfromanimals:theabilitytolaugh.Inauniversewhichappearstobeutterlydevoidofhumorweenjoythissupremeluxury.Anditisaluxuryforunlikeanyotherbodilyprocesslaughterdoesnotseemtoserveabiologicallyusefulpurpose.Inadivideworldlaughterisaunifyingforce.Humanbeingsopposeeachotheronagreatmanyissues.Nationsmaydisagreeaboutsystemsofgovernmentandhumanrelationsmaybeplaguedbyideologicalfactionsandpoliticalcampsbutweallsharetheabilitytolaugh.Andlaughterinturndependsonthatmostplexandsubtleofallhumanqualities:asenseofhumorCertainicstereotypeshaveauniversalappeal.Thiscanbestbeseenfromtheworld-widepopularityofCharlieChaplin’searlyfilms.Thelittlemanatoddswithsocietyneverfailstoamusenomatterwhichcountryweefrom.AsthatgreatmentatoronhumanaffairsDr.SamuelJohnsononceremarked‘Menhavebeenwiseinverydifferentmodes;buttheyhavealwayslaughedinthesameway.’ Asenseofhumormaytakevariousformsandlaughtermaybeanythingfromarefinedtingletoanearthquakingroarbuttheeffectisalwaysthesame.Humorhelpsustomaintainacorrectsenseofvalues.Itistheonequalitywhichpoliticalfanaticsappeartolack.Ifwecanseethefunnysidewenevermakethemistakeoftakingourselvestooseriously.Wearealwaysremindedthattragedyisnotreallyfarremovedfromedysowenevergetalopsidedviewofthings. Thisisoneofthechieffunctionsofsatireandirony.Humanpainandsufferingaresogrim;wehoversooftenonthebrinkofwar;politicalrealitiesareusuallyenoughtoplungeusintototaldespair.Insuchcircumstancescartoonsandsatiricalaccountsofsomberpoliticaleventsredressthebalance.Theytakethewindoutofpompousandarrogantpoliticianswhohavelosttheirsenseofproportion.Theyenableustoseethatmanyofourmostprofoundactionsaremerelyicorabsurd.WelaughwhenagreatsatiristlikeSwiftwritesaboutwarinGulliver’sTravels. TheLilliputiansandtheirneighborsattackeachotherbecausetheycan’tagreewhichendtobreakanegg.Welaughbecausewemeanttolaugh;butwearemeanttoweeptoo.Itistoopowerfulaweapontobeallowedtoflourish. Thesenseofhumormustbesingledoutasman’smostimportantqualitybecauseitisassociatedwithlaughter.Andlaughterinturnisassociatedwithhappiness.Couragedeterminationinitiative–thesearequalitieswesharewithotherformsoflife.Butthesenseofhumorisuniquelyhuman.Ifhappinessisoneofthegreatgoalsoflifethenitisthesenseofhumorthatprovidesthekey.
1.Themostimportantofallhumanqualitiesis[A]asenseofhumor.Asenseofsatire.[C]Asenseoflaughter.[D]Asenseofhistory.
2.TheauthormentionsaboutCharlieChaplin’searlyfilmsbecause[A]theycanamusepeople.Humanbeingsaredifferentfromanimals.[C]Theyshowthatcertainicstereotypeshaveauniversalappeal.[D]Theyshowthatpeoplehavethesameabilitytolaugh.
3.Oneofthechieffunctionsofironyandsatireis[A]toshowabsurdityofactions.toredressbalance.[C]totakethewindoutofpoliticians.[D]toshowtoomuchgrimnessintheworld.
4.Whatdowelearnfromthesentence‘itistoopowerfulaweapontobeallowedtoflourishintotalitarianregimes’[A]Itcanrevealthetruthofpoliticaleventswithsatire.Itcanarousepeopletoriot.[C]Itshowstragedyandedyarerelated.[D]Itcanmakepeoplelaugh.
5.WhoisSwift[A]Anovelist.Apoet.[C]Adramatist.[D]Aessayist.Vocabulary
1.devoid 没有,缺乏
2.plague n.瘟疫,惹人烦恼的人和事v.给……造成麻烦,痛苦,困难
3.faction 派别4icstereotype 可笑/滑稽的模式5mentator (集注)作者,评论员,解说员
6.tinkle n.一连串的丁零声,电话声,v.使发出丁零声
7.fanatic 狂热者(尤指宗教、政治的狂热)
8.lop-sided 不均匀的
9.hover 翱翔,盘旋;彷徨
10.somber 低沉的,暗淡的,严峻的
11.redress 纠正,补偿
12.pompous 自大的,浮夸的
13.arrogant 傲慢的
14.proportion 均衡,匀称,平衡,比例
15.Lilliputian 微型的,极小的,源自《格列佛游记》中的小人国里的人
16.totalitarian 极权主义的
17.regime 政体,政权,统治方式或制度难句译注1. Inadividedworldlaughterisaunifyingforce.【参考译文】在分裂的世界中,笑是一种促成一致(团结)的力量2. Humanrelationsmaybeplaguedbyideologicalfactionsandpoliticalcamps【参考译文】人际关系可能因思想意识派别和政治阵营的不同而受侵扰3. Certainicstereotypeshaveauniversalappeal.【参考译文】某些滑稽的模式具有全球性的效果4. CharlieChaplin查理•卓别林1889-1977,英国讽刺滑稽剧及电影演员,导演及制片人5. Atoddswithsociety和社会格格不入6. Dr.SamuelJohnson撒缪尔•约翰生,1709-1784,英国辞典编撰者及作家7. Asenseofhumormaytakevariousformsandlaughtermaybeanythingfromarefinedtinkletoanearthquakingroar.【参考译文】幽默感表现的方式多种多样,笑也许是银铃般优雅轻笑,也许是震耳欲聋的放声大笑8. Ifwecanseethefunnysidewenevermakethemistakeoftakingourselvestooseriously.【参考译文】如果我们能见到可笑的一面,我们就不会犯这种错误对自己看得过重(自以为了不起)9. Wearealwaysremindedthattragedyisnotreallyfarremovedfromedysowenevergetalop-sidedviewofthings.【参考译文】我们会经常提醒自己祸兮福所伏(悲剧离喜剧实际并不遥远),那我们决不会偏执一词地看事物10. Takethewindoutofsb’ssails使某人气馁或泄气11. SwiftJonathanswift乔纳森•思维福特1667-1745,英国作家,生于都柏林,曾获牛津大学硕士,三一学院神学博士学位,1688年到英国,后加入英国国教会他同情英国统治下的爱尔兰人民,积极参加他们为争取自由和民族独立的斗争他以政治讽刺文著世,其文笔犀利、讽刺尖锐、文章推理严密,用词简洁、语言朴实清晰,被认为是英语的典范,《格列佛游记》是他的代表作之一12. Welaughbecausewearemeanttolaugh;butwearemeanttoweeptoo.【结构简析】meantodo是打算或注定要…,一般用于被动【参考译文】我们笑是因为想笑,可是我们也想哭是指小人国和邻国仅仅为打鸡蛋一类小事而打仗可笑,确实也是可悲作者结合现实指出是人类悲剧之所在写作方法与文章大意 文章以部部深入,一般到具体的写作手法论及笑是人类特有的功能 形式多种、效果一样天下人有各种观点、制度、人际关系,对滑稽的东西都会报之以笑――一种一致的力量 笑基于幽默感,有了它,人们会乐观、愉快、轻松,不偏不倚地对待一切,悲剧中寓以喜剧,幽默感又是人类开启幸福之门的钥匙 论及的同时作者佐以例子,卓别林的早期电影,《格列佛游记》中的小人国战争等答案详解
1. A幽默感文章一开始就提出人类有别于动物是人有笑的功能,世界纷争繁杂、人际关系因意识观点差异而对峙,国家制度不一,但人们都能笑笑基于人类最复杂而又微妙的品质――幽默感反过来说没有幽默感的人恐怕难以笑第二段正式指出幽默感表现形式多种多样,而笑可由微笑到狂笑种种,但其效果相同,幽默感有助于我们保持正确的价值观这是政治狂热者所缺乏的特征如果我们能看见滑稽可笑的一面,我们就不会犯过于看重自己的错误我们总会记得悲剧离喜剧不愿,因此,我们不会有偏重某一测的观点第四段画龙点睛的指出幽默是人类最重要的特征,因为它和笑声结合在一起而笑又是和幸福联系在一起勇气、决心、创造力特征,我们和其他生命形式共享,而幽默感是人类所独有的如果幸福是我们生活的伟大目标,那幽默感就是开启幸福的钥匙B.讽刺感这是第三段讲的内容,讽刺的功能,但不是人类最重要的特征C.笑感D.历史观点
2. C作者提卓别林的电影的目的是证明某些喜剧模式对全世界都有吸引力A.它可以取悦任何人B.人类和动物不同D.证明人有同样笑的功能
3. B使各种事情重新相等和均衡第三段着重讲了这一点人类在痛苦中挣扎,常处于战争的边缘政治实现令人绝望,在这种处境中,对某些政治事物的讽刺挖苦和漫画可以使各种心理重新平衡,可使失去均衡感的政客地下高傲头颅;可使我看见许多深邃的事情荒谬可笑A.表现行为的荒唐C.使政治家气馁D.表现世界上太多的令人沮丧之事
4. A它可以以讽刺的手法解释政治时间的真相B.这可促使人民暴动C.它表示了悲剧和喜剧相联系D.它能使人哭
5. A小说家B.诗人C.戏剧家D.散文家阅读下列短文从给的四个选项A、B、C和D中选出最佳选项xx·乌鲁木齐三诊,BNowadaysitseemsthateverybodywantstobealeader.Countlessbooksabouthowtomanageapanyorinfluenceothersfillbookstores.ButoneneedntbeaCEOorPoliticiantobealeader.FormerU.S.PresidentJohnAdamssaid“Ifyouractioninspiresotherstodreammorelearnmoredomoreandbeemoreyouarealeader.”Thekeytobeingsuchaleaderliesincharacter.Peoplefollowonlythosewhomtheyrespecttrustandadmire.WhatattractivetraitsdoessuchaleaderhaveBelowarefiveofthemostimportant.LeadershavecourageTheNewYorkfirefighterswhoranintotheburningWorldTradeTowertorescueothersaremoderndaymodelsofcourage.Yetevenmorethanphysicalcouragetheeverydaydemandsofmodernliferequiremoralcourage.Insistingondoingtherightthingdespitepressuretoactotherwisetakessuchcourage.Leadersmustfacefearanddoubtinmanyofthedecisionstheymake.Havingthesefeelingsdoesntmeanoneisntcourageous.Afterallcourageisnottheabsenceoffear.Ratheritsdoingtherightthingdespiteonesfears.LeadersarehumbleBeinghumblesimplymeanshavinganaccurateviewofonesownlimitations.Everybodyhaslimitations.Leadersdealwiththeirsbyseekinghelpfromothers.Whenleadersseekhelptheyrecognizetheskillsthatorderotherpeoplebringtothetable.Andwhentheyaresuccessfulleadersgenerouslypraiseallwhocontributedtothesuccess.Humbleleadersdontpromotethemselves;theypromoteothers.Learningisalifelonggoalnomatteronesposition.Humbleleadersarenevertooproudtolearnfromallsourcesofknowledge—eventhoseunderthem.LeadersserveothersJustChristsaid,“Ifanyonewantstobefirsthemustbetheverylastandtheservantofall.”Leadersserveothersandputtheneedsofothersbeforethemselves.Theymakethegoodofeveryoneontheteamapersonalpriority.Leaderswhoserveothershelpthewholeteamacplishmore.Leadersdothingstomakesureeverybodyhastheresourcesneeded.Theygotheextramiletohelpoutduringabusyrush.Whenleadersservefollowersarealsoencouragedtoserveeachother.LeadershavepassionMoneyorsuccesscanmotivatesomeonetoshowupforanactivity.ButwhatmotivatesonetoreallyputhisheartintosomethingTheanswerispassion—thefeelingthattheactivityissignificant.Outstandingleadersinspireothersbecausetheyaremotivatedbypassionforwhattheydo.Leadersshowthesignificanceofroutineworktoothersbyemphasizingthebigpicture.Theydemonstratehowanactivitynotonlybenefitstheindividualbutalsoonesfamilymunityandentiresociety.Theirpassionignitesthepassionofothers.LeadershaveintegrityOnesintegritycanbemeasuredbywhatonedoeswhennobodyislooking.Leaderspracticewhattheypreachallthetimenotjustinthepresenceofothers.Leadersalsosettheexampleforintegrity.Ifaleadervaluesbeingpunctualhearrivesearly.Leadershipismoreaboutwhoyouarethanwhatyouknoworcando.Byfollowingtheseprinciplesyoucanbeeabetterperson.Andthatinturnwillmakeyouabetterleader.文章大意本文是一篇说明文本文主要介绍了领导者的特征和品质,要做一名领导者不一定要做CEO或政客,如果你的行为能激励他人,让他人学到更多,做得更多,成就更多,你就是一名领导者5.WhichshouldbetheverybeginningofthetextA.Strongandeffectiveleadershipmighthavemadetheteammoresuccessful.B.Leadershipisthepositionofbeingtheleader.C.Leadershipisnotjustaboutwhatyouknowordo—itsalsoaboutwhoyouare!D.Leadershipreferstothesetofcharacteristics.答案C 推理判断题根据最后一段第一句“Leadershipismoreaboutwhoyouarethanwhatyouknoworcando.”可知,本文主要讲述领导并不是关于他们所懂的和所做的,而是关于他们个人的品格特征等,首段通常与尾段相呼应,故C项正确6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“traits”probablymeanA.Astrongpointthatonewhoservesinaspecialfieldshouldbeskilledin.B.Aparticularcharacteristicthatcanproduceaparticulartypeofbehavior.C.Aphysicalormentalpowerthatisneededtodosomething.D.Aclearpurposethatagoodleadershouldworkwith.答案B 词义猜测题根据该句中的“suchaleaderhave”以及下文所介绍的领导者的五个重要的品格特征可知,traits意为“人的个性特点”,故B项正确7.Thisaction“Ifaleaderwantseveryonetoworkhardheworksharder.”belongsto________.A.LeadersarehumbleB.LeadersserveothersC.LeadershavepassionD.Leadershaveintegrity答案D 推理判断题根据倒数第二段第三句“Leadersalsosettheexampleforintegrity.”可知,领导者往往起到榜样的作用,由此可推出,“领导者想要他人努力工作,他也努力工作”能体现出Leadershaveintegrity这个品质故D项正确8.WhatcouldbethebesttitleforthetextA.ALeadersCharacterB.ALeaderforanOrganizationC.TheAbilitiesofaLeaderD.TheResponsibilitiesofaLeader答案A 标题概括题根据第二段最后两句“WhatattractivetraitsdoessuchaleaderhaveBelowarefiveofthemostimportant.”以及最后一段第一句“Leadershipismoreaboutwhoyouarethanwhatyouknoworcando.”可知,本文主要讲述了领导者的品质故A项正确阅读下列短文从给的四个选项A、B、C和D中选出最佳选项xx·西宁市质检一,CAyearaftergraduationIwasofferedapositionteachingawritingclass.TeachingwasaprofessionIhadneverseriouslyconsideredthoughseveralofmystorieshadbeenpublished.IacceptedthejobwithouthesitationasitwouldallowmetowearatieandgobythenameofMr.Davis.MyfatherwentbythesamenameandIlikedtoimaginepeoplegettingthetwoofusconfused.“Waitaminute,”someonemightsay,“areyoutalkingaboutMr.DavistheretiredmanorMr.Davistherespectablescholar?”ThepositionwasofferedatthelastminuteandIwasgiventwoweekstoprepareaperiodIspentsearchingforbriefcase公文包andstandingbeforemyfulllengthmirrorrepeatingthewords,“Helloclass.ImMr.Davis.”SometimesIwouldgivemyselfanaggressivevoice.SometimesIwouldsoundexperienced.ButwhenthedayeventuallycamemynerveskickedinandthetrueMr.Daviswasthere.Isoundednotlikeathoughtfulprofessorbutrathera12yearoldboy.Iarrivedintheclassroomwithpapercardsdesignedintheshapeofmapleleaves.Ihadcutthemmyselfoutoforangeconstructionpaper.Isawninestudentsalongalongtable.IhandedoutthecardsandthestudentswrotedowntheirnamesandfastenedthemtotheirbreastpocketsasIrequired.“Allrightthen,”Isaid.“Okayherewego.”ThenIopenedmybriefcaseandrealizedthatIhadneverthoughtbeyondthismoment.Ihadbeenthinkingthatthestudentswouldbethefirsttotalkofferingtheirthoughtsandopinionsontheeventsoftheday.IhadimaginedthatIwouldsitattheedgeofthedeskoverlookingaforestsofhands.Everystudentwouldyell.“Calmdownyoullallgetyourturn.Oneatatimeoneatatime!”AterriblesilenceruledtheroomandseeingnootheropinionsIinspectedthestudentstopullouttheirnotebooksandwriteabriefessayrelatedtothethemeofdeepdisappointment.文章大意本文是一篇记叙文毕业一年后,作者得到了一份教授写作课程的工作文章重点介绍了作者教学过程中难忘的第一堂课9.Theauthortookthejobtoteachwritingbecause________.A.hewantedtoberespectedB.hehadwrittensomestoriesC.hewantedtopleasehisfatherD.hehaddreamedofbeingateacher答案A 细节理解题根据第一段第三至五句“...asitwouldallowmetowearatieandgobythenameofMr.Davis...orMr.Davistherespectablescholar?”可知,作者接受这份工作是希望得到别人的尊重故A项正确10.WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromParagraph2A.Hewouldbeaggressiveinhisfirstclass.B.Hewaswellpreparedforhisfirstclass.C.Hegotnervousuponthearrivalofhisfirstclass.D.Hewaitedlongforthearrivalofhisfirstclass.答案C 细节理解题根据第二段倒数第二句“ButwhenthedayeventuallycamemynerveskickedinandthetrueMr.Daviswasthere.”可知,等第一节课真正到来时,作者感到十分紧张故C项正确11.Beforehestartedhisclasstheauthoraskedthestudentsto________.A.writedowntheirsuggestionsonthepapercardsB.cutmapleleavesoutoftheconstructionpaperC.cutsomecardsoutoftheconstructionpaperD.writedowntheirnamesonthepapercards答案D 细节理解题根据第三段最后一句“...andthestudentswrotedowntheirnamesandfastenedthemtotheirbreastpocketsasIrequired.”可知,D项正确。