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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解(十一月)练习
(4)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项TheProgram-FederalGovernmentHelpsMinorityBusiness Federaleffortstoaidminoritybusinessesbeganinthe1960’swhentheSmallBusinessAdministrationSBAbeganmakingfederallyguaranteedloansandgovernment-sponsoredmanagementandtechnicalassistanceavailabletominoritybusinessenterprises.Whilethisprogramenabledmanyminorityentrepreneurstoformnewbusinessestheresultsweredisappointingsincemanagerialinexperienceunfavorablelocationsandcapitalshortagesledtohighfailurerates.Even15yearsaftertheprogramwasimplementedminoritybusinessreceiptswerenotquitetwopercentofthenationaleconomy’stotalreceipts. Recentlyfederalpolicymakershaveadoptedanapproachintendedtoacceleratedevelopmentoftheminoritybusinesssectorbymovingawayfromdirectlyaidingsmallminorityenterprisesandtowardsupportinglargegrowth-orientedminorityfirmsthroughintermediarypanies.Inthisapproachlargecorporationsparticipateinthedevelopmentofsuccessfulandstableminoritybusinessesbymakinguseofgovernment-sponsoredventurecapital.ThecapitalisusedbyaparticipatingpanytoestablishaMinorityEnterpriseSmallBusinessesthathavepotentialtobeefuturesuppliersofcustomersofthesponsoringpany. MESBIC’saretheresultofthebeliefthatprovidingestablishedfirmswitheasieraccesstorelevantmanagementtechniquesandmorejob-specificexperienceaswellassubstantialamountsofcapitalgivesthosefirmsagreateropportunitytodevelopsoundbusinessfoundationsthandoessimplymakinggeneralmanagementexperienceandsmallamountsofcapitalavailable.Furthersincepotentialmarketsfortheminoritybusinessesalreadyexistthroughthesponsoringpaniestheminoritybusinessesfaceconsiderablylessriskintermsoflocationandmarketfluctuation.FollowingearlyfinancialandoperatingproblemssponsoringcorporationsbegantocapitalizeMESBIC’sfarabovethelegalminimumof$500000inordertogeneratesufficientineandtosustainthequalityofmanagementneeded.MESBIC’sarenowemergingasincreasinglyimportantfinancingsourcesforminorityenterprises. IronicallyMESBICstaffswhichusuallyconsistofHispanicandBlackprofessionalstendtoapproachinvestmentsinminorityfirmsmorepragmaticallythandomanyMESBICdirectorswhoareusuallyseniormanagersfromsponsoringcorporations.Thelatteroftenstillthinkmainlyintermsofthe‘socialresponsibilityapproach’andthusseemtopreferdealsthatareriskierandlessattractivethannormalinvestmentcriteriawouldwarrant.Suchdifferencesinviewpointhaveproduceduneasinessamongmanyminoritystaffmemberswhofeelthatminorityentrepreneursandbusinessesshouldbejudgedbyestablishedbusinessconsiderations.ThesestaffmembersbelievetheirpointofviewisclosertotheoriginalphilosophyofMESBIC’sandtheyareconcernedthatunlessamoreprudentcourseiffollowedMESBICdirectorsmayreverttopolicieslikelytore-createthedisappointingresultsoftheoriginalSBAapproach.
1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage[A]TheuseofMESBIC’sforaidingminorityentrepreneursseemstohavegreaterpotentialforsuccessthandoestheoriginalSBAapproach.ThereisacrucialdifferenceinpointofviewbetweenthestaffanddirectorsofsomeMESBIC’s.[C]Afterinitialproblemswithmanagementandmarketingminoritybusinesseshavebeguntoexpandatasteadyrate.[D]Minorityentrepreneurswishingtoformnewbusinessesnowhaveseveralequallysuccessfulfederalprogramsonwhichtorely.
2.AccordingtothepassagetheMESBICapproachdiffersfromtheSBAapproachinthatMESBIC’s[A]seekfederalcontractstoprovidemarketforminoritybusinesses.Encourageminoritybusinessestoprovidemarketsforotherminoritybusinesses.[C]Attempttomaintainaspecifiedrateofgrowthintheminoritybusinesssector.[D]Relyontheparticipationoflargecorporationstofinanceminoritybusinesses.
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheSBAprogramcanbeinferredfromthepassage[A]Themaximumtermforloansmadetorecipientbusinesseswas15years.Businessloanswereconsideredtobemoreusefultorecipientbusinessesthanwasmanagementandtechnicalassistance.[C]Theanticipatedfailurerateforrecipientbusinesseswassignificantlylowerthantheratethatactuallyresulted.[D]Recipientbusinesseswereencouragedtorelocatetoareasmorefavorableforbusinessdevelopment.
4.Theauthorreferstothe‘financialandoperatingproblems’encounteredbyMESBIC’sprimarilyinorderto[A]broadenthescopeofthediscussiontoincludethelegalconsiderationsoffundingMESBIC’sthroughsponsoringpanies.callattentiontothefactthatMESBIC’smustreceiveadequatefundinginordertofunctioneffectively.[C]showthatsponsoringpanieswerewillingtoinvestonly$500000ofgovernment-sponsoredventurecapitalintheoriginalMESBIC’s.[D]pareSBAandMESBIClimitsonminimumfunding.
5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheattitudeofsomeMESBICstaffmembertowardtheinvestmentspreferredbysomeMESBICdirectorscanbebestdescribedas[A]disappointing.Indifferent.[C]Shocked.[D]Defensive.Vocabulary
1.implement 执行,履行
2.growth-oriented 增长潜力的,有发展性的
3.intermediarypany 中介公司,中间公司
4.venturecapital 风险资本
5.entrepreneur 企业家,创业者
6.fluctuation 波动,涨落,起伏
7.pragmatically 实用地难句译注
1. Even15yearsaftertheprogramwasimplementedminoritybusinessreceiptswerenotquitetwopercentofthenationaleconomy’stotalreceipts.【参考译文】甚至在这个计划执行后15年,少数民族工业的收入还不到全国总收入的2%
2. Recentlyfederalpolicymakershaveadoptedanapproachintendedtoacceleratedevelopmentofthesupportinglargegrowthorientedminorityfirmsthroughintermediarypanies.【参考译文】最近,联邦决策者采取一项措施,旨在加速少数民族工商业的发展,他们不再直接帮助小型的少数民族企业,而是转向通过中间公司来支持规模较大、有发展潜力的少数民族公司
3. Bymakinguseofgovernment-sponsoredventurecapital.利用政府资助的风险资本
4. TheMESBICthenprovidescapitalandguidancetominoritybusinessesthathavepotentialtobeefuturesuppliersorcustomersofthesponsoringpany.【参考译文】然后再由MESBIC向那些少数民族企业提供资金、进行指导这些企业是有成为赞助公司的未来供应商或客户的潜力的
5. MESBIC–minorityenterprisesmallbusinessinvestmentpany少数民族小型企业投资公司
6. MESBIC’saretheresultofthebeliefthatprovidingestablishedfirmswitheasieraccesstorelevantmanagementtechniquesandmorejob-specificexperienceaswellassubstantialamountsofcapitalgivesthosefirmsagreateropportunitytodevelopsoundbusinessfoundationsthandoessimplymakinggeneralmanagementexperienceandsmallamountsofcapitalavailable.【参考译文】MESBIC的建立基于这种信念为已建公司提供方便,使它更容易获得相关的管理技术更具体的工作经验以及大笔资金要比简单地给予一般管理经验和小笔资金更能使它们获得机会去建立稳固的商业基础
7. Thelatteroftenstillthinkmainlyintermsofthe‘socialresponsibilityapproach’andthusseemtopreferdealsthatareriskierandlessattractivethannormalinvestmentcriteriawouldwarrant.【参考译文】后者――高级经理们――在有大多数情况下,仍然常常从“社会责任的角度”来考虑问题,因此,他们似乎更倾向于选择那些比正常投资标准更具风险性,而不太引人注目的项目写作方法与文章大意 文章主要采用因果以及对比的写作方法先点出SBA计划――联邦政府对少数民族去也的赞助()的失败及其原因 为此,联邦决策者改变方法,通过中介公司,建立MESBIC由它来帮助少数民族企业――使其获得相应的管理技术、具体工作经验和大量资金,甚至潜在的市场――取得了成功 可内部存在问题,MESBIC的职工和领导者之间的意见分歧,职工的投资观点更切实际,而领导者仍从“社会责任的角度”来考虑问题,若不改变,有可能重蹈SBA之覆辙答案详解
1. A运用MESBIC来帮助少数民族企业似乎比原来SBA的方法更具成功的可能性文章一开始就点名SBA(小型企业管理局)向少数民族企业提供联邦保证贷款,政府资助管理和技术方面的帮助,结果令人失望组建成的少数民族新企业由于管理上缺乏经验、地点不佳、资金短缺而导致失败的情况很多其他见难句译注
1、
2、3总之在MESBIC支持下为它的潜在市场提供大量资金等,使它们在地点和市场流通方面风险小的多,从而带来足够的收入和保持所需的管理质量这一切都说明MESBIC比SBA的成功可能性大B.MESBIC中的领导者和职工方面在观点上有着至关重要的分歧C.经历了早期管理和市场问题后,少数民族企业已开始稳步发展D.希望组建新公司的少数民族企业家已有好几个成功的联邦计划可依靠
2. D依靠打工四向少数民族企业投资见第二段第二句大公司利用政府资助的风险资本参与成功而又稳固的少数民族企业的发展参与的大公司用这笔资金建立了“少数民族小型企业投资公司”(MESBIC)A.寻求为少数民族企业提供市场联邦合同B.鼓励少数民族企业为其他少数民族企业提供市场C.试图在少数民族部门保持特定的增长率
3. C预期加入SBA项目中的公司的失败率比实际失败率低得多文内没有直接点出,而是从(见第一题注释)SBA帮助的企业失败率很高――令人失望,从而推断C项结论A.给企业贷款最高期限为15年B.商业贷款对企业来说远笔管理和技术帮助重要D.鼓励接受贷款企业重新寻找利于企业发展的地区
4. B为的是引人注意这一实际情况MESBIC必须取得足够的资金才能有效地运转这在第三段最后一句在经历了早期财政和运行问题后,赞助公司给MESBIC注入的资金远远超过了50万美元的法定最低限额,以获得足够的收入并保持所需的管理质量MESBIC现在正成为日益重要的少数民族企业的资金来源这说明没有足够的资金是难以有效运转的A.扩大讨论范围以包括通过赞助公司投资MESBIC的合理性C.表明赞助公司愿意在原来的MESBIC只投资50万政府资助的风险资本D.对比SBA和MESBIC最低投资限额
5. A失望文章最后一段MESBIC的职工――一般是拉美和黑人专业人员在少数民族公司的投资上比MEBSIC的领导者更切实际这些高级经理从社会责任角度看问题,会选择更具风险性,不太吸引人的项目观点分歧使许多少数民族职工感到不安,他们认为应以公司的业务爆出来评价少数民族企业家及其企业者充分说明MEBSIC的职工对领导所青睐的投资项目不满意和失望B.漠不关心C.震惊D.持保留态度阅读下列短文从给的四个选项A、B、C和D中选出最佳选项xx·南京市二模,ADearSir,Iwassurprisedtoreadyourrecenteditorialonthequestionofstudentsparttimejobs.YouappeartobemakinglotsofgeneralmentsonthebasisofjustoneunfortunatecaseIassureyouthatnotallyoungpeoplewhodelivernewspapersareasfoolishanddishonestasthetwoyouthsmentionedinyourarticleandonesinglecaseisnotstrongenoughinsupportingapointasevidence.Ithinkyouwouldntdisagreewithmeatthispoint.ThefirstpointIwouldliketomakeisthattherearemanyjobsteenagerscandowhichgivethemusefulexperienceoftheworkingworld.Theyarebroughtintocontactwithavarietyofpeopleoftenolderandaregivenexperienceofexpressingthemselvesclearlyandlogically.Everyyoungmanwilleventuallybeinvolvedinsocialnetworkandwecantexpectthemtoactasamatureadultoncetheystepoutofschool.Iamthinkinghereofjobssuchastravelguidesandshopassistants.Parttimejobsareactuallyakindofguidingthatyoungpeopleneedbeforetheyplaytheirroleinrealcareer.Anotherargumentforschoolchildrenandcollegestudentshavingholidayorweekendjobsisthatmanyparentsneedthefinancialassistance.Ifwetakeforexampleafamilyinwhichthefatherisunemployedorperhapsasingleparentfamilyonalowineitseemslogicalandfairthatasonordaughtershouldtrytobringmoneyintothehousehold.AndIthinkitsalsoaneducationtoyoungpeoplewhatfamilyresponsibilityisandwhatoneshoulddointermsofshowingtheircareandlove.OnefurtherthingIwanttosayisthatalotofjobsfortheyoungcanbefunforthepeoplewhodothemandalsousefultothemunity.Youngsterswhohelpinschoolshospitalsandwiththeelderlyoftengainagreatdealofpleasureandsatisfactionaswellascontributingsomethingvaluabletolocalsociety.Andtheexperiencewillmakeyoungpeoplefeeltheirvalueinoursocietysothattheywillbemoreeagertolearnandmorewillingtooffertheirhelp.InconclusionIwouldaddthatwhenIwasagirlmyfathersaidmyteenswereatimeforbookshobbiesandacademicstudies.ThinkingbackIfeelIwouldhavelearntmuchmore—aboutmyselfotherpeopleandlifeingeneral—ifhehadallowedmetodoalimitedamountofrealwork.CertainlywhensheisoldenoughIshallencouragemyowndaughtertodosoratherthanwastehertimewithsoapoperasputergamesanddiscoslikesomanyyoungpeopletoday.Idontmeanhavingfunisawasteoftime.Ijustwanttopointoutthatfunandparttimejobscouldbebalanced.Yoursfaithfully,MargaretWilliams文章大意本文是写给报社编辑的一封信在信中,作者表达了对该社最近发表的关于“青少年不应该做兼职工作打零工”这篇文章的反对,并给出了自己的理由和见解1.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheletterA.Parttimejobshelpteenagersdevelopsocialskills.B.Allyoungpeopledoingparttimejobsareintelligentandhonest.C.Childreninsingleparentfamiliesshouldnotdoparttimejobs.D.Thewriterdidparttimejobswhenshewasatschool.答案A 细节理解题根据文章第二段内容可知,A项“打零工能够帮助孩子培养社会技能”表述正确B项在文中没有涉及;根据第三段第二句可知,C项错误;根据最后一段第二句可知,D项错误故答案选A2.WhatdoesthewriterthinkmanyoftheyoungpeoplearedoingnowA.Takingsomeparttimejobstohelptheirfamily.B.Doingtheiracademiclearningheartandsoul.C.Wastingtimewithsoapoperasandputergamesordiscos.D.Doingmunityservicesbyhelpingtheoldorthesickinhospitals.答案C 细节理解题根据最后一段倒数第三句中的“wastehertimewithsoapoperasputergamesanddiscoslikesomanyyoungpeopletoday”可知,作者认为现在很多孩子都将时间浪费在看肥皂剧、玩游戏或去迪厅等娱乐上面了故答案选C3.WhatcanwelearnfromtheletterA.Thewriteroftheletterisdoingsomeparttimejobs.B.Anarticleagainstteenagersdoingparttimejobswaspublished.C.Teenagersofthetimearenotdoingtherightthing.D.Thewriteroftheletterisateenagerfromasingleparentfamily.答案B 推理判断题根据文章第一段可知,社论中就两个年轻人在送报纸的兼职工作中的不诚实行为做了很多评论,不赞成年轻人做兼职工作,故可推断出报社刊登的文章应是一篇“反对青少年做兼职工作”的文章故答案选B阅读下列短文从给的四个选项A、B、C和D中选出最佳选项xx·合肥市二模,CTraditionalbusinessmenfeelworriedthatgrowingemercewillreducetheirshareofthemarket.Accordingtoasurvey90%ofsomepeoplespurchasesaremadeontheputer.Astheyfindthatbybeingabletogoonlineandchoosethethingsthattheyneedtochooseandhavethemdeliveredrighttotheirdoorstepstheycouldnolongerbebotheredwithdrivingthecrowdsthenoiseofthatandtheyusuallygetabetterselection.CornellUniversityMarketingProfessorMeLaughlinsaystraditionalstorescankeeptheircustomersbyofferinggoodslikeclothingwhichcustomersmaywanttoseeandtryonbeforepurchasingaswellasitemsthataredifficulttoship.Hesayssometraditionalstoresarealsopleasingcustomerswithservicesthatsetuporrepairputersandelectronics.Traditionalstoresalsoofferasocialexperiencethatsomeshoppersenjoy.Thereisstillalotofemotioninthebuyingdecisionthattakesplace.Oftentimesyouneedthatlastsenseof“thisisexactlywhatIwant”beforeyoupartwithmoney.Andyoucantalwaysgetthatonline.Itsarathercoldprocess.AsmoreandmorepeoplehaveInternetaccessandsmartphonesonlinemerceislikelytocontinueitsgrowthhereintheUnitedStatesandinothercountries.文章大意本文为一篇议论文越来越流行的网购严重冲击着传统商业市场,那么传统商业怎么能够留住顾客呢?对此本文专家给出了几点建议4.Traditionalbusinessmenfeelupsetbecause________.A.consumerscangetabetterselectionbyshoppingonlineB.moreandmorepeoplepurchasethingsontheputerC.peopleliketohavetheirgoodsdeliveredtotheirhouseD.growingonlinesaleswillcuttheirshareofthemarket答案D 细节理解题根据文章第一段“Traditionalbusinessmenfeelworriedthatgrowingemercewillreducetheirshareofthemarket.”可知,答案D符合文义5.AccordingtoMcLaughlinsometraditionalstoresarekeepingcustomersby________.A.providingcustomerswithextraservicesB.invitingcustomerstotryonclothingC.deliveringgoodstoeachdoorstepD.repairingputersandelectronicsonly答案A 细节理解题根据文章第三段的最后一句“Hesayssometraditionalstoresarealsopleasingcustomerswithservicesthatsetuporrepairputersandelectronics.”可以推知,答案A“给顾客提供额外的服务”符合文义6.Fromthe4thparagraphweknowthat________.A.onlineshopperstendtobecoldtoeachotherB.theprocessofshoppingonlineisfullofemotionC.someshopperslikethesocialclimateintraditionalstoresD.makingbuyingdecisionsintraditionalshopsisdifficult答案C 细节理解题根据文章第四段第一句“Traditionalstoresalsoofferasocialexperiencethatsomeshoppersenjoy.”可知,答案C符合文义7.WhatistheauthorsattitudetowardsthefutureonlinemerceA.Doubtful.B.Optimistic.C.Sympathetic.D.Concerned.答案B 作者态度题根据文章最后一段“AsmoreandmorepeoplehaveInternetaccessandsmartphonesonlinemerceislikelytocontinueitsgrowthhereintheUnitedStatesandinothercountries.”可知,作者对网上购物持乐观态度,故答案B符合文义。