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2019-2020年高中英语ModuleFourUnit4BodyLanguage教案新人教版必修4PeriodoneTeachinggoals教学目标
1.TargetLanguage目标语言a.重点词汇和短语misunderstandsimilarfacialexpressionagreementyawnchestgestureadultpunishb.重点句型或交际用语Actoutthefollowingmeaningsplease.PleaseguesswhatImean.Pleaseshowtheactionsusingbodylanguage.Nowitisyourturntoshowtheaction/gesture.Pleaseuseeitherspokenwordsorbodylanguagetoexpressyourideas.Pleaseusebothspokenwordsandbodylanguagetoexpressyourideas.
2.Abilitygoals能力目标a.Enablethestudentstounderstandwhatacertaingestureofthebodylanguagemeansinagivensituation.b.Enablethestudentstoactoutsomemeaningsrequirementsrequestsorsituationsgiveninthetargetlanguage.c.Enablethestudentstoexpresswiththetargetlanguagethemeaningsgiveninbodylanguage.
3.Learningabilitygoals学能目标a.Helpthestudentslearnhowtoexpressthemselvesinbodylanguagewhenneeded.b.Helpthestudentsunderstandotherswhenbodylanguageisbeingused.Teachingimportantpoints教学重点a.Teachthestudentshowtounderstandbodylanguageusedindifferentcountriesorculturesaswellasindifferentoccasions.b.Teachthestudentshowtousebodylanguageinthemostappropriateoccasions.Teachingdifficultpoints教学难点a.Enablethestudentstorealizetheimportanceofbodylanguageinmunicationsothatlittleornomisunderstandingmayoccur.b.Letthestudentsknowthatthereisbothpositivebodylanguageandnegativebodylanguage.Teachingmethods教学方法a.Individualworkpairworkandgroupwork.b.Actingoutbyimitationmimeorwithgesturesandbodymovement.Teachingaids教具准备Aputeraprojectorandsomepictures.Teachingproceduresways教学过程与方式StepILead-inTheteachershowssomepicturesonscreen.ThesepicturesarefromtheEveningPartyCelebratingtheingLunarNewYearoftheRoosterofxx.Ss:YesThousandsofHandsKwan-yin.T:ButdoyouknowwhosheisYesshewastheleadingdanceroftheprogram.HernameisTaiLihua(邰丽华).SheiscalledaFairyofPeachblossom桃花仙子bypeople.Youknowsheisadeafgirlbutsheisawisediligentcharmingandenergeticgirl.Shestudiedveryhardandgottwodegreesofbachelorsinuniversity.Shewasfamousasanartistforherwonderfulperformance.Sheisdeafanddumb.ButhowdidshegetthatgreatachievementandbecameasuccessfulpersonSheloveslifeverymuch.Weshouldlearnfromherspirit.Besidesherhardworkingbodylanguageplaysaveryimportantpartinherlife.Weareallhealthypeoplesometimeswecanusebodylanguagetoexpressourselves.Soweshouldpaymoreattentiontolearningbodylanguages.StepIIIntroductionT:Nowlet’sdosomeTPRTotalPhysicalResponseactivitiestogetherIhopeyouwillenjoythemandhavefunaswell.Touchyourhead/face/eyes/nose/mouth/ears/cheeks/forehead/shoulders/stomach/legs/feet/toes...Shakeyourhead/arm/hand...Waveyourarm/hand...Openyoureyes/arms/mouth...Closeyoureyes/mouth...Twistyourwrist/waist.Crossyourarms/fingers.Nodyourhead.Bowyourhead.Makeafacetoeachother.Bend/cry/shout/scream/smile/laugh...T:Allright.Nowlet’sdothemalittlebitdifficult.Let’splayagametogether.Thosewhofailtofollowtheruleofthegamewillbedroppedout.Thegameis:“Simonsays”.ForexampleifIsay“Simonsaystouchyourhead”thenyoutouchyourhead.Ifnotyoushouldn’ttouchyourheadbutremainstill.ClearReadyNowlet’sstart.3or5minutesforthegame.T:Ok.It’stimetotakeupthelesson.Pleaselookatthescreen.Let’stakealookatthefollowinggestures:GestureActionMeaningAhandshakeYouarewele.Aclapofhandeon;becheerful.AV-shapeofthefore-fingerandmiddlefingerMayyousucceed!Orcongratulationsonyoursuccess!Ahalf-closedhandwiththumbdownIamnotinfavorofyourideaorI’llhavetorefuseyou.AwrinklingofthebrowinthoughtordispleasureorascowlSheisworried.Tearsingoutofhiseyes.Heisverysad.AllsmilesonherfaceSheisveryhappy.WavingtheirhandsTheyarewavinggoodbyetopeoplearound.AhandstretchedoutforwardwithstrengthHeisstoppingatank.Peoplejumpwiththeirbothhandsstretchedopenintheair.Theyarecheeringforthevictory.T:WhataretheactionsoftheabovegesturesWhatdotheymeanS4:Thefirstgestureisahandshakewhichmeans“You’rewele”.S5:Thesecondisahandclapwhichmeans“eon”or“Becheerful”orsomethinglikethat.S6:ThethirdoneisaV-shapedpostureofthefirstfingerandthemiddlefingerwhichsuggestsawishfortheotherorotherstosucceed.S7:Thefourthisahalf-closedhandwiththethumbdown.Itmeanstheonewhogivesthisgestureisagainsttheother’sideaorsimplyrefusestherequest.S8:Thefifthisaworriedlookofawoman.Shewrinklesherbrowsorfrowns.Italsoseemsthatshescowls.Itshowsthatsheisworriedorsad.Inotherwordssheisunhappy.S9:Thesixthisamansheddingtears.Tearswererunningdownhischeeks.Heisverysadforlosinghisrelativesorsadforhisfailure.S10:Theseventhisasmilingface.Itiseasytoseethatsheisveryhappy.S11:Theeighthisagestureofwavinghands.Theyarewavinggoodbyetopeoplewhoarearoundtoseethemoff.S12:Theninthisahandstretchedoutforwardwithgreatstrength.Theboyistryingtostopatankfromenteringintohishomeland.S13:Thetenthishandsstretchedoutupward.Theyareallverycheerful.Theyarewildwithjoy;maybetheyhavejustwonagame.Sowecanseethattheyarecheeringfortheirvictory.T:Youhavealldoneagoodjob.Soyouseethattherearemanycasesorsituationsinwhichbodylanguagecanconveymeaningsaswellasspokenorwrittenlanguages.Ifyouwanttoknowmoreaboutitlet’setoUnit4BodyLanguage.StepⅢPracticeT:LookatPage
25.WhatarethesepeoplemunicatingStepⅣTimeforFunT:Nowlet’splayagameingroupsoffour.Onethinksofasituationandaskstheotherstoshowsomeactionsusingbodylanguage.Whentheonechoosestheactionthatismostlikelyitishisorherturntothinkofsomeothersituationfortheotherstoshowtheactionssothatthegamemaygoonforafewrounds.ClearSs:Yes.That’sfunny!T:Trytomakethesituationsasinterestingandenjoyableasyoucan.Andshowthesituationaslivelyaspossible.Besidesmakesurethateveryonehasaturn.Ss:Allright.S1:WhatareyoulikelytodoifitrainsActionsS2:readsabook;S3:putsonaraincoat;S4:cleansthehouse.S1:Ok.IthinkS3seemsthemostlikelysoitishisturn.S3:WhatareyoulikelytodoiftheriverfloodsActionsS1:runsawayasfastashecan;S2:helpstheyoungeroreldertoescapeassoonaspossible;S4:climbsontoatree.S3:Ok.IthinkS2seemsthemostlikelysoitisherturn.S2:WhatareyoulikelytodoifthehousecatchesfireActionsS1:fetchessomewater;S3:triestoputitoutwithblooms;S4:runsawayasquicklyashecan.S2:Ok.IthinkS4seemsthemostlikelysoitishisturn.S4:WhatareyoulikelytodoifyoumeetwithafiercedogActionsS1:remainswhereheisandbendsdownlookingatthedog;S3:triestoscareitawaywithsmallstones;S4:runsawayasquicklyaspossible.S2:Ok.IthinkS1seemsthemostlikelysoweallhavedoneagoodjob.T:Yes.Icouldn’tagreewithyou.Nowonemoregroup.StepVRolePlaySpeakingtaskonP67T:Nowthere’sstillalittletimeleft.Let’setoSpeakingTaskonPage
67.Homework
1.Teamwork:Discusstheimportanceofbodylanguage.
2.GoovertheReading:1munication:NoProblem2Showingourfeeling.T:Ithinkyoumusthaveknownsomethingaboutthesepictures.YestheyarefromaprogramofCCTVtheEveningPartyCelebratingtheSpringFestivalofxxtheingLunarNewYearoftheRooster.Ithinkthatwasthebestprogram.DoyourememberthenameofthisprogramPeriodtwoTeachinggoals教学目标
1.Targetlanguage目标语言a.词汇和短语majorlocalrepresentcuriousColumbiaintroduceapproachtouchcheekstrangerspokenexpressactionJordannodgeneralavoidedyb.重点句子YesterdayanotherstudentandIrepresentingouruniversity’sstudentassociationwenttotheCapitalInternationalAirporttomeetthisyear’internationalstudents.…Isawseveralyoungpeopleenterthewaitingarealookingaroundcuriously.Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhandsasifindefence.
2.Abilitygoals能力目标a.Enablethestudentstorealizetheimportanceofbodylanguage.WhatisthepurposeoflanguageWhatisthepurposeofbodylanguageHowcanyoutellifsomeoneissadeveniftheydonotspeakHowcanyoumunicateafeelingtosomeonewhodoesnotspeakyourlanguageb.Enablethestudentstounderstandthetext.WherearethevisitorsfromHowdoMr.GarciafromColumbiaandJuliaSmithfromBritainresponsewhentheyareintroducedtoeachotherWhatdoMr.CookandtheJapanesevisitordoastheyareintroducedHowcanpeopleexpressthemselvesbesidestheirspokenlanguageDoallculturesgreeteachotherthesamewayDoEnglishpeopleandotherEuropeansactthesamewhentheyfirstmeetIsahandshakeverymoninJapanIsakissoftenusedinFrancewhenpeoplemeetWhyaretheredifferentkindsofbodylanguagec.Enablethestudentstoretellthetextintheirownwords.
3.Learningabilitygoals学能目标Helpthestudentslearnhowtoexplainthemonidea—“differentculturesdifferentbodylanguages”withthetargetlanguageinthisunit.Teachingimportantpoints教学重点HowdoesbodylanguagedifferamongpeoplefromdifferentculturesTeachingdifficultpoints教学难点Theunderstandingofthepoorly-writtenreadingtextespeciallytherelationshipawkwardlybuiltupbetween“you”andtheotherpeopleinthetextwhoaremetbytheawkwardarrangementofthepilersofthetextbook.Teachingmethods教学方法Skimmingmethodtask-basedmethodrole-playmethod.Teachingaids教具准备Arecorderaprojectorandaputer.Teachingproceduresways教学过程与方式StepⅠRevisionFreetalkaboutthetopic:theImportanceofBodyLanguage.Whilethestudentondutygivesthepresentationtheteachercansimultaneouslyapprovehisorherperformancebyusingthebodylanguagelearnedorfamiliartothestudentssuchasnoddingtheheadstretchingoutthehandwiththumbupshruggingtheshouldersetc.StepⅡPre-readingT:Ourtextisaboutaspecialmeansofmunication—BodyLanguage.Nowpleaselookatthescreen.Anddiscussthesequestionswithyourpartnerfirst.Andthensomeofyouwillbeaskedtoreportyourwork.AreyouclearSs:Yessir/madam.
1.Whatisthepurposeoflanguage
2.Howcanyoutellifsomeoneissadeveniftheydonotspeak
3.Whatwouldyoudoifyouneedtheother’shelpurgentlywhileyoutwospeakdifferentlanguages
4.Giveanexampleofhowyoucanmunicateafeelingtosomeonewhodoesnotspeakyourlanguage.Afterafewminutes.T:Nowwho’dliketoanswerthefirstquestionVolunteer!S1:Letmetry.Thepurposeoflanguageofcourseistobeusedasatoolofmunication.Thatistoexchangewithothersideasfeelingsinformationandsoon.T:Perfect!Bodylanguageisusedanytimeandanywheretoconveypeople’sideasfeelingsinformationandsoonandsoforth.NextquestionS2:Eveniftheydon’tspeakIcantelliftheyaresadbylookingattheirfacialexpressions.I’magoodmind-reader.SmilingS3:Yesthatisquiteeasy.Justbywatchingtheirfrownedbrowstheirlongfacesweknowthattheyareunhappy.T:Verygood.Wehavegottwo“mindreaders”inourclass;I’msuretherearemorethantwo!Nowwho’dliketogivetheanswertothethirdquestionS4:LetmetrySir/Madam.I’lltrytousebodylanguagetotelltheotherwhatIneedurgently.I’lldoitbymimingbyanyproperpostureorgesturesevenbydrawingpictures.T:Youaresmart!Nowwho’dliketodothelastone.ItismorechallengingrightS5:I’dliketohaveatrysir.LastsummerIwentonastudytourintheStates.WhenIwasonthewaytoLosAngelesontheflightoftheUnitedAirlineswestoppedatTokyo/NaritaAirportinJapanfor3hours.SoIwentintotheshopattheairportforIwantedtobuyadigitalcamera.OfcourseIknewnoJapanesesoIspoketoherinChinesefirstandtheninEnglish.ItseemedthatshewasatalosswhenIspoketoher.ThenIdecidedtotryitinbodylanguage.IjustpointedtothecamerathatIlikemost-SonyCyber-shotDSC-P
100.ThesalesgirlspoketomeinJapanesethistimebutIcouldn’tunderstandawordofit.SoIshookmyheadandkeptpointingatthecamera.FinallyIreachedherunderstandingandshetookoutthecameraIwantedtobuy.Iexamineditforalittlewhileandaskedherthepriceofitbydrawingabig“”intheairwithmyforefinger.Shetookouthercalculatorandputintheprice.ThepricewasreasonableandIdecidedtotakeit.Ipaidforitandthesalesgirlbowedtomeagainandagain.T:Wonderful!Thankyoufortellingussointerestingatruestoryandgivingussogoodanexampleofbodylanguage.StepⅢWhile-reading
1.ScanningWhilereadingpleasetrytodividethewholepassageintoseveralpartsandfindoutthemainidea.Part1Para1YouaresenttoCapitalInternationalAirporttomeetthisyear’sinternationalstudents.Part2para.2and3Examplesoflearnedorcultural“bodylanguage”.Part
3.para.4Differentpeopleshavedifferentbodylanguages.Part
4.para.5Summaryofbodylanguage.ReadthetextcarefullythendecideifthefollowingstatementsaretrueTorfalseF.•Englishmenoftenstandclosetoothersortouchstrangersassoonastheymeet.•Mostpeoplearoundtheworldnowgreeteachotherbykissing.•Japanesewillbowtoothersasgreeting.•PeoplefromJordanwillmoveveryclosetoyouasyouintroduceyourselftothem.•Somebodylanguagesinsomecountriesaregoodwhilesomecountries’bodylanguagearebad.StepIVPostreading
1.IstheauthorofthispassagemaleorfemaleHowdoyouknowTheauthorismale.AhmedAzizwillnotshakehandswithwomenbutheshakeshandswiththeauthor.
2.WhatwerethetwomistakesthattheauthornoticedHenoticedthattheColombianmankissedtheBritishwomanbutinhercultureakissfromastrangerisnotacceptable.HealsonoticedthattheJapanesemanbowedjustastheCanadianmanstartedtoshakehandssooneman’snosetouchedtheotherman’shand.
3.WhoseemedtoprefertokeepmorephysicaldistancefromothersWhoseemedtoprefercloserphysicaldistanceTheBritishwomanJuliaandprobablytheCanadianmanGeorgeseemedtoprefertokeepmorephysicaldistancefromothers.TheColombianmanTonyandtheJordanianmanAhmedseemedtoprefercloserphysicaldistance.
4.DidanystudentshavesimilargreetingcustomsIfsowhichonesYes.TonyfromColombiaandDarlenefromFrancehadasimilargreetingcustom-akiss.GeorgefromCanadaandAhmedfromJordanalsohadasimilargreetingcustom-ahandshakebutAhmedshakeshandsonlywithmen.
5.“WheninRomedoastheRomansdo.”WhatdoyouthinkthisfamoussayingmeansThissayingmeansthatwhenweareinacertainplaceweshouldfollowthecustomsofthepeoplewholiveinthatplacenotourowncustoms.
6.Doyouagreewiththeauthor’sstatementthatbodylanguageisnotgoodorbadWhyorwhynotStudentswillgivetheirownanswers.StepⅤHomework
1.Getreadytoretellthetextinyourownwords.PeriodthreeTeachinggoals教学目标
1.Targetlanguage目标语言a.词汇和短语unspokenfacialfunctionateaselosefaceturnone’sbacktofistsubjectiveb.重点句子Bodylanguageisoneofthemostpowerfulmeansofmunicationoftenevenmorepowerfulthanspokenlanguage.
2.Abilitygoals能力目标a.Enablethestudentstoknowmoreaboutbodylanguage.WhatisthefunctionofbodylanguageWhatisthesimilarityofbodylanguageHowcanyouunderstandtheuniversalfacialexpression“smile”Does“asmile”alwaysmeanthesamethingWhatisthedifferenceofbodylanguagebetweenvariousculturesb.Enablethestudentstounderstandbetterbodylanguage.WhatistheproperattitudetowardsbodylanguageWhatwouldhappenifweknewnothingaboutbodylanguage
3.Learningabilitygoals学能目标Howwecan“showourfeelings”withthebodylanguagelearnedinthisunitorgainedinoursociallife.Teachingimportantpoints教学重点Howbodylanguageshowsthesameordifferentfeelingsamongpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Teachingdifficultpoints教学难点Howtotellthatthesamebodylanguageshowsdifferentfeelingsindifferentcultures.Teachingmethods教学方法Fastreading:dealingwiththe“true”or“false”questions.Discussion:theimportanceofbodylanguage.Teachingaids教具准备Arecorderaprojectorandaputer.Teachingproceduresways教学过程与方式1Pre-reading
1.Whatisthefunctionofbodylanguage
2.Howdoyoufindbodylanguageinourdailylife
3.Howcanthesamebodylanguageexpressdifferentfeelingsorideasindifferentcultures
4.Howcandifferentbodylanguageexpressthesamefeelingorideaindifferentcultures2FastreadingTUREOFFALSE
1.Bodylanguageisneveraspowerfulasspokenlanguage.
2.Ifyouareangryatapersonyoumightturnyourbacktohimorher.
3.Youcanthreatenapersonbyrefusingtospeak.
4.Youshouldnotgreetyournewbossbygivingherorhimahug.
5.Bodylanguageisthesameallovertheworld.
6.Mostpeoplecanunderstandeachotheriftheytry.Thenaskthestudentstodoitonebyoneandaskthemtoexplainwhysomeofthestatementsarewrong.3FurtherreadingT:Wehavejustreadapassageentitled“ShowingOurFeelings”whichtellsusmoreaboutbodylanguage.Nowlet’sreadanotherpassageintheWorkbookonP
66.Thetitleofthereadingtextis:TheOpenHand-AUniversalSign.Youwillbegiven3minutestoreadthroughthetextasquicklyasyoucantryingtogetasmuchinformationfromthetextaspossible.Ss:YesSir.T:WhatinformationhaveyougotS1:Moreaboutbodylanguagesir.Wehavelearnedhowpeoplearemunicatingorgettingalongwitheachotherbesidesusingspokenlanguage.Wearealsoaskedtothinkaboutsomenewsituationsinwhichwewillmunicateinbodylanguage.S2:Andwehavetothinkaboutthefollowingquestions:Itisknownthatasmileisasignthatpeoplefeelfriendlyandhappy.Butwehavetoconsider:
1.Whatifwedon’tknowwhothenewpersonis
2.Whatifwearenotintroducedbyafriend
3.WhatifwearemeetingastrangerinanunfamiliarplaceS3:Andthemostimportantofallisthatwehavetomakesurewhetherwecantrustpeoplewedonotknowandwehavetoshowthatwearenotdangerous.S4:Quitetrue.Wehavedifferentwaystoshowourhands—ouropenhandswhichmeansthatwearenotarmedandwearefriendly.S5:InmanyculturestodaytheWesterncustomofthehandshakeisused.BesidesthistraditionallyChinesegreetothersbycoveringthelefthandwiththerighthandandbowing;theJapanesecoveronhandwiththeotherandbowslightlyorquitelowdependingonwhomtheygreeted;Hindupeoplejointheirhandsinfrontoftheirfacesandbowtheirheads;Muslimswilltouchtheirheartmouthandforeheadtoshowrespect.S6:NowyoungpeopleintheWestgiveeachotherthe“highfive”whentheyclapeachother’shandsintheair.S7:Youhavetakenthewordsoutofmymouth.AndIbelievethatinalmostallculturestosmileandshowanopenrighthandisthemostmonwaytoshowthegoodwillgreeting.T:Iammorethanhappytohearyoucangetsomuchinformationfromthepassagewhenyoudothereading!Nowlet’sactoutsomeofthegesturesinthereadingmaterialOKSomestudentsareaskedtoactoutthebodylanguagewhichappearsinthereadingtextis:TheOpenHand-AUniversalSignsuchasahandshakethetraditionalgreetingsinChinatheJapanesewaytogreetpeoplethewaysHindupeopleandMuslimsusetogreetpeopleandthewayyoungpeopleintheWestusenow.Severalminuteslater.T:Beforeweetotheendofthisperiodlet’stakeupthelastitemdoingthearrangementoftheinformationunderthepassageonPage
67.S8:Itcanbedangeroustomeetpeopleyoudonotknow.S9:ManyAsianpeopledonotusuallyphysicallytouchstrangers.S10:Ifweshowanopenhanditmeansthatwearenotholdinganythingdangerous.S11:Therighthandisusuallyusedbecauseitisalmostthestronger.S12:Peopleshaketheirhandswhenmeetingtoshowthattheycanbetrusted.S13:Toshowrespectpeoplewilltouchtheirheartandmouthwhengreetingsomeone.Homework
1.Readaloudallthereadingtextsinthisunit.
2.Getreadytoretellthetworeadingpassageslearntinthisperiod.PeriodfourStructureStudy一:V-ing形式由“do+ing”构成其否定形式是“notdoing”V-ing可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing短语没有人称和数的变化但有时态和语态的变化V-ing形式在句中作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点
1.作定语V-ing形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语这时有两种情况1-ing形式表示“供作......之用”的意思这类作定语的-ing形式过去叫动名词Aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming2-ing形式表示“......的”意思过去叫现在分词Asleepingchildworkingpeopletherisingsun-ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后相当于一个定语从句如:Theyarevisitorsingfromseveralcountries.Theboystandingthereisaclassmateofmine.
2.作状语可以表示时间原因结果条件行为方式或伴随动作等AttentionPlease-ing形式作状语时它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的TimepermittingIwillpayavisittothewholecity. 分词的逻辑主语是time而句子的主语是I两者不构成主谓关系所以只能用独立主格结构也就是给现在分词补充一个主语HomeworkDo“UsingStructures”onPage
64.文化背景知识
1.SomemoreinformationaboutBodyLanguage:tonodconsent点头表示同意,tonodone’sfarewell点头表示告别,tonodasasignofagreementorasafamiliargreeting点头表示赞同或打招呼,toholdone’sheadhigh昂首挺胸表示趾高气扬,toshakeone’sfist挥动拳头表示威胁,toshakeone’shead摇头表示不知道,toshowaVsign由食指和中指构成字母“V”,而“V”是victory的第一个字母因此,这一手势是祝愿胜利或庆祝胜利之意towinkataperson向某人眨眼睛,tomakeaface面部露出厌恶的表情,toshrugone’sshoulders耸耸肩膀表示冷淡或怀疑,tokeeporhaveone’sfingerscrossed把中指叠在食指上交叉着,作十字状这是暗中希望上帝保佑自己正在做的事成功tocrookafinger朝某人弯曲食指是招人过来的意思更有趣的是英美人用大拇指thumb做出许多不同的表示tothumbone’snose以大拇指按鼻,其余四指张开,表示轻视在英美等国家,你会看到这种手势经常用在调皮的孩子们中间他们用大拇指点着自己的鼻子,而其他四指张开不停地摇动,表示轻蔑或嘲弄也可以说“tocockasnookatsomebody”.totwiddleone’sthumbs无聊地绕动着两个大拇指,表示无所事事,懒散thumbsdown大拇指朝下,表示反对或拒绝thumbsup翘起大拇指,表示赞成或夸奖但值得一提的是在英美等西方国家,有时会看到有人站在马路边,朝驶过来的车辆伸出一只翘起大拇指的拳头这是请求搭便车的意思所以搭车也可以说“tothumbalift”
2.Introductionofabookaboutbodylanguageofhorses:Horsesmunicatewithremarkableaccuracyinalanguageofposturegestureandsound.Theyexpresstheirneedswishesandemotionstoeachotherandtotherarehumanbeingwhounderstandsthem.Afterreadingthisunprecedented空前的excitingandup-liftingbookyouwillunderstandtheequinehorse’slanguage.Youthereforewillknowhowtorecognize:Ahappyhorse.Afrightenedhorse.Anangryhorse.Aboredhorse.Agrieving令人忧伤的horse.Afrustrated受挫折的horse.Ahorseinpain.Aplayfulhorse.Aproudhorse.Aneagerlypetitivehorse.Andmanyhorsesmore!Moreoveryouwillknowhowtoreassurethefrightenedcalmtheangryfortthegrievingdivert使解闷thebored-anddealwithmostotherhuman-equinedifficulties.Youwillknowhowtoeducateafoal驹orrehabilitate挽救arogue无赖.Youwillknowhowtolookatracehorsesontheirwaytothestartinggateandtellthelikelywinnersfromthelosers.Youevenwillknowhowtobuyahorse.Butbestofallyouwillfinallyunderstandwhatthesegrandanimalsareallaboutandyouwillknowbetterthaneverbeforehowtheyandwefitintonature’sschemeplanofthings.
3.AnextrareadingpassageaboutBodylanguage:Whenwemunicatewithotherpeopleitisnotonlyourwordsthatcontainthemeaning.Animportantpartofthatmeaningesfromwhatiscalled“non-verbal非言辞的munication”.Bythiswemeanfacialexpression;gestureswithhandsarmslegs;thewaywesitorstand;thewaywetouchotherpeople;thedistancewekeepbetweenourselvesandthepeoplewearetalkingto;ourdressandourappearance.Allthesesaysomethingtootherpeople.Facialexpressionsandgesturesareusedbyeveryoneoftenspontaneously自发地evenunconsciously.Smilingforexampleisfoundinmostculturesasasignofhappinessorpleasure.Gesturessuchaspointingwavingshakingornoddingtheheadarealsowidelyusedalthoughthegesturesthemselvesdonotalwaysmeanthesameineveryculture.IonceaskedaPortuguesestudentwhybankofficialsinLisbonseemedsodourgloomy-sorryLisbonbankclerksbutit’strue-andhetoldmethatiftheysmiledtoomuchtheywouldnotseemseriousabouttheirwork.Becausemanynon-verbalmessagesare“culturespecificspecialdistinctiveorunique”theycancausealotofmisunderstandingbetweenpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.NorthernEuropeansandAmericansforexampleliketokeepacertain“personalspace”betweenthemselvesandothersandfeelunfortableifpeopleetooclosetothem.InthesesameculturesitisconsideredimpolitetostarebutGreeksitissaidfeelignoredifpeopledonotstareattheminpublic.Europeansusuallychangetheirfacialexpressiontoshowhappinessangerboredomandsadness.
4.SomeinformationaboutthecountriesmaybelessknowntostudentsintheText:
①Columbia:ColombiaislocatedinthenorthwestpartofSouthAmericaandistheonlycountryonSouthAmericawithcoastsonboththeCaribbeanSeaandthePacificOcean.Themostdistinguishingfeature显著的特点ofthecountryistheAndesMountainschainwhichisinthecentralwesternpartofthecountryandextendsalmostitsentirelengthnorthandsouth.Incontrasttosnow-cappedmountainsaretherainforestslocatedinthetorrid热带的lowlandsofColombiawheretheanimallifeandvegetationmakeitauniqueplaceintheworld.Thecountryisrichinmineralsandnaturalresourcesandalthoughknownforitssplendidcoffeeitisalsoamajorsourceoftheworld’semeralds绿宝石andflowers.Mahogany桃花心木oakwalnutandpinetreesarealsoplentifulasareplantssuchasrubbervanilla香草andginger.AgricultureisanimportantpartoftheColombianeconomy.ColombiahasadiversepopulationalthoughoverhalfareofSpanishdescent血统.TheheritageoftheSpanishcolonialperiodisstillverywellpreservedinmanyareaswherefamilylifeanddressstillholdtotraditionalnorms.Howeverculturesvarygreatlyfromregiontoregioneachaddingtothecountry’svariety.Oneoftheworld’smostnotedauthorsLiteratureNobelPrizewinnerGabrielGarciaMarquezisanativeofColombia.ThelargestcitiesinColombiaareSantafedeBogotathecapitalcityCaliMedellinandBarranquilla.
②Jordan:JordanofficiallyHashemite哈桑王族KingdomofJordanwithanareaof37737sqms97740sqkmsandapopulationof4101000estimatedin1995islocatedinthesouthwestAsiaborderedbyIsraelWSyriaNIraqNEandSaudiArabiaES.Ammanisthecapitalandlargestcity.Before1967Jordanfellintothreemaingeographicalregions:EastJordanwhichincludesabout92%ofthecountry’slandareatheJordanianHighlandshighestpoint5755ft/1754mandWestJordantheWestBankpartofhistoricPalestine.IntheArab-IsraeliWarof1967IsraelcapturedandoccupiedtheWestBankandJordanhassincegivenupitsclaimtothearea.Jordan’seconomyhastraditionallybeenbasedonagriculturealthoughlessthan5%ofthelandisarable适于耕种的.Theprincipalcropsarevegetableswheatandcitrus柑橘类fruits;olivesaregrownforoil.Manufacturesarelimitedtosuchitemsasfoodstuffsclothingandcementandthereissomeoilrefining.Phosphate磷酸盐rockandpotash碳酸钾aretheonlymineralsproducedinquantity.TheannualcostofJordan’simportsfarexceedsitsearningsfromexports.Aqaba亚喀巴ontheGulfofAqabaistheonlyseaport.TheinhabitantsofJordanaremostlyofArabdescentoverhalfareofPalestiniandescentandArabicistheofficiallanguagealthoughEnglishisalsospokenamongthehighersocio-economicgroups.About95%ofthepeopleareSunni逊尼派Muslims.Underthe1952constitution宪法thekingisthemostpowerfulfigureinthecountry;heappointsacabinetheadedbyaprimeminister.Thebicameral两院制的parliamenthasbeenconvenedanddissolvedbythekingseveraltimessince1974;the1989electionswerethefirstin22years.Politicalpartieswereagainpermittedtofieldcandidatesin
1993.
③Muslimcountries:MostpeopleintheWestthinkofMuslimorMoslemcountrieswherepeoplebelieveinIslamamonotheistic一神论的religioncharacterizedbytheacceptanceofthedoctrineofsubmissiontoGodandMohammed穆罕默德asthechiefandlastprophet先知ofGodasaMiddleEasternreligion.NeverthelessIslamisclearlyaSouthAsianSouthEastAsianCentralAsianAfricanandMiddleEasternreligionwithagrowingpresenceinEuropeandNorthAmerica.Thereareabout40MuslimcountriesintheworldsuchasAfghanistanPakistanTurkeyKuwaitEgyptIranIraqIndonesiaLibyaMalaysiaMoroccoNigeriaSomaliaYemenandsoonandsoforth.PeopleinthesecountriesmostlybelieveinIslam.ThenameforthereligionofIslamasitspublicity宣传goesismuchmorethanjustanamebecauseitexpressesadeepspiritualmeaningaswellasanoveralloutlookonlifeandconceptofworship.Theword“Islam”isanArabicwordwhichmeans“pletesubmission服从tothewillofAlmightyGod”.OtherreligionsarenamedaftertheirfounderssuchasChristianityandBuddhism;afteratribeorethnicgroupsuchasJudaism犹太教;orafteraspecificgeographicalregionsuchasHinduism印度教.Islamhoweverisuniquebecauseitsnamerepresentsitsoutlookonlifeandreflectsitsuniversalnature.Besidesthename“Islam”wasnotthoughtupbyitsfollowersorappliedbyotherpeopleasisthecasewiththenamesofotherreligionsbutwasrevealed显示byAlmightyGod.ThisnameexpressednothingnewbecausesubmissiontothewillofGodi.e.“Islam”hasalwaysbeenthetruereligionofGod.DuetothisfactandsincetheteachingsofIslamarestraightforwardprofoundandlogicalIslamisthe“NaturalReligion”ofallhumanbeings.Thenameofnootherreligioncarriesanysignificantmessageorconveysthetruesenseofitsoutlookonlifeasdoesthename“Islam”.。