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2019-2020年高中英语Unit2《Robots》Period
(8)教案新人教版选修7Teachinggoals 1.Talkaboutdifferenttypesofrobotsbyusingexpressionsofsuppositionandbelief.2.Listentothreepeopletalkingaboutrobotpets.3.Writeadiaryfromtherobotpetspointofview.Teachingprocedures Step1 SpeakingtaskAskstudentstousetheirimaginationingroupstodiscussthetypesofrobotsthatcouldbeusedinthefuture.Guidethemtousetheexpressionsbelowinthediscussion.Sample Robotscanbefoundinthemanufacturingindustry,themilitary,spaceexploration,transportation,andmedicalapplications.Well,formyconclusionI_guessthatrobotsarethewayofthefutureandwillbeusedonadailyusewithoutbeingcontrolledremotelyorbyaperson.I_thinktherewillbedifferentrobotsfordifferentuses.Somewillbeusedforlawenforcementandotherswillbeusedforconstructiveusesonly.Otherswillbebuildingcars,andtherestwillbebuildingthenewschoolswelearninandthehouseswelivein.Step2 Listeningtask1.Beforelistening,askstudentstolookatthepicturesoftheserobotpetsonPage
59.Inpairs,answerthefollowingquestions.1Whatkindsofanimaldoyouthinktheyare2Wouldyouliketoownone?Whichone?Givereasons.3Doyouthinkhavingarobotasapetisagoodidea?Givereasons.Variousanswersarepossible.Throughaskingstudentsquestionsaboutthepictures,makesurestudentsunderstandthefollowingwordstheywillhearinthelisteningtext wag,pat,flippers,purrandhiss.2.ListentoAmanda,VictoriaandJamietalkingaboutrobotpets.Lookatthepicturesagainandmatchthemwiththerobotsnames.Aibo______ Furby______ Paro______ Tama______Keys AiboPicture_2 FurbyPicture_1 ParoPicture_3 TamaPicture_43.AskstudentstofillinasmuchofthetableonPage60astheycan.Thenlistentothefirstpartofthediscussionagainandpletethetableparetheiranswerswiththeirpartners.NameTypeofanimalWhatitcandoRobot1Robot2Robot3Robot4 Suggestedanswers NameTypeofanimalWhatitcandoRobot1AiboDogCanwalk,sit,liedownandwagitstail.Learnsthenameyougiveitandcananswerwhenyoucallit.Developsitsownpersonality.Canlearnabout50mands.Robot2FurbyNotstatedbutlookslikeabig-earedbirdLikesbeingpatted.Speakshisownlanguage,thengraduallyswitchestoEnglishthemoretimeyouspendwithhim.Robot3ParoSealCanopenandcloseitseyesandmoveitsflippers.Robot4TamaCatCanrecognizeherownname.Purrswhenpatted.Ifyouhithershewillgiveyouanangryhiss.Graduallyherbehaviourchangesandshedevelopsherownpersonality.
4.Listentothesecondpartofthediscussionagain.Tickthecorrectboxforeachquestion.AmandaVictoriaJamie
1.Whodoesntunderstandwhysomeonewouldwantarobotasapet?
2.Whobelievesthatrobotpetsarejusttoys?
3.Whothinksthatifsomeonethinksoftherobotasapet,thenitisapet?
4.Whobelievesthatyoucanmakearobothappy?
5.Whothinksthatrobotpetswouldbegoodforpeoplewhoareunabletohavealivepet?Keys AmandaVictoriaJamie
1.Whodoesntunderstandwhysomeonewouldwantarobotasapet?√
2.Whobelievesthatrobotpetsarejusttoys?√
3.Whothinksthatifsomeonethinksoftherobotasapet,thenitisapet?√
4.Whobelievesthatyoucanmakearobothappy?√
5.Whothinksthatrobotpetswouldbegoodforpeoplewhoareunabletohavealivepet?√Step3 Writingtask1.Firstaskstudentstoimagineheorsheisarobotpetwhichbelongstoachild.1Thinkaboutwhatkindofchildyoubelongto.Isitaboyoragirl?Whatisthechildlike?Isthechildkindornot?Isthechildsickoringoodhealth2Whatkindofrobotpetareyou—Aibo,Furby,ParoorTama2.Writeaboutonedayinhis/herlifeinhis/herdiary.Remembertowritefromtherobotpetspointofviewandremembertofollowthesesteps.1Collecttheirideasinpairsorgroups.2Writedownthemainideasandsupportingdetails.Hereisanexample.3Writethediaryentry,payingattentiontotheuseofconjunctionsintheirwriting.MorningAfternoonOwnerPetOwnerPet·gotupinbadmood·carriedmebytail·knockedmeontothefloor·leftmeathome·angry·hissedatowner·hissedmore·hadapeacefultimelater·gothomeafterschool·seemedhappier·wasnicetome·pattedme·promisedtotakemetotheparktomorrow·waggedtail·couldntstoppurring·lovedtheidea/washappy·wishedhe/shewerealwayslikethat...Step4 HomeworkWriteadiaryfromtherobotpetspointofview.Asample Sunny WednesdayIamveryhappytoday,becausethisisthefirstdaythatIhasspentwithmyowner,Susan.Susanisa6-year-oldsickgirl.Shecannotgooutwithotherchildrenbecauseofherpoorhealth.Soherparentsboughtmeasherpanion.Therearedifferenttypesofrobotpetsinthestore.Hermompreferredtheseal-typerobot,whileherdadthoughtthelovelydogwouldbeagoodpanion.ButSusanloveskittyverymuch.Sheinsistedonhavingmeasherpanion.Sotheychoseme.TheshopassistanttoldthemIhavemorethanjustentertainmentvalue,offeringpanionshipandavarietyofotherservicestothesick.Anetworksystemwillenablemetospeaktothechildreninanaturalway,especiallytochildrenwhoaresick,andthiswillmakethemmorefortable.IcanbeconnectedviacellphoneorISDNlinetoanetworksystemcenter,allowinghealthworkersorparentstosendmedicalinformationandencouragingmessagestothesick.Imendowedwith100phrases,rangingfromthelight-hearted“Todayisthekaraokeparty.Letssingalot.”tomorepracticalinformation“Itisthreeoclock.Itistimetohavemedicine.”.Susansmiledalotandherparentssaidshehasneverspentahappierday.IamhappytoobecauseIvebroughtpleasuretoher.
一、本单元课文注释与疑难解析1.Clairedidntwanttherobotinherhouse,especiallyasherhusbandwouldbeabsentforthreeweeks,butLarrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldntharmherorallowhertobeharmed.克莱尔不想家里有个机器人,尤其是她丈夫要离家三个星期,可是克莱尔被拉里说服了他说,机器人不会伤害她,也不会允许她受到任何伤害1absentadj.a.缺席的,不在场的+fromThreemembersoftheclasswereabsentthismorning.今天早晨该班有三人缺席Heisabsentonbusiness.他因事缺席HeisabsentfromHongKong.他不在香港b.缺少的,不存在的Snowisabsentinhiscountry.他的国家不下雪c.茫茫然的,心不在焉的Helookedatmeinanabsentway.他茫然地望着我Hehadanabsentlookonhisface.他脸上露出心不在焉的神色vt.不在;缺席Whydidyouabsentyourselffromschoolyesterday昨天你为何不到校?absent的反义词是present“出席的,在场的”Howmanypeoplewerepresentatthemeeting到会的有多少人?2persuadevt.a.说服,劝服+into/outof/+sb.todosth.Shepersuadedmeintobuyingit.她说服我买下了它Thesalesmanpersuadedustobuyhisproduct.那个推销员说服了我们买他的产品Hepersuadedhertogotoschool,eventhoughshedidnotwantto.即使她不想去上学,他还是说服她去b.使某人相信+of/+thatHowcanIpersuadeyouofmysincerity我怎样才能使你相信我的诚意呢?Weworkedhardtopersuadethemthatweweregenuinelyinterestedintheproject.我们想尽办法以使他们相信我们确实对这一计划感兴趣2.Shecriedout“Tony”andthenheardhimdeclarethathedidntwanttoleaveherthenextdayandthathefeltmorethanjustthedesiretopleaseher.她大叫一声“托尼”,接着她就听到托尼郑重地说,明天他不想离开她,并且他并不满足于仅仅使她开心1declarevt.a.宣布,宣告;声明+thattomakeknownformallyorofficiallyThenewCongressdeclaredastateofwarwithGermany.新的国会向德国宣战了b.宣称;断言+thatTheaccusedmandeclaredhimselfinnocent.被告声称他是无罪的Shedeclaredthatshedidntwanttoseehimagain.她宣称再也不愿见他了IdeclaredatthemeetingthatIdidnotsupporthim.我在会上声明我不支持他c.申报纳税品等Ihavenothingtodeclare.我没什么要申报的Note declare宣告,宣布formallyannouncesth.Forexample Iwouldliketodeclaremyloveforyou.announce宣布tomakesth.knownpubliclyForexample IfIhaveabirthdayparty,Iwanttoannounceittomyfriends.2morethana.后面跟名词,意为“不只是,不仅仅是”例如Katewasmorethanateacher.Shealsodidwhatshecouldtotakecareofherpupils.凯特不仅仅是位教师,她还尽其所能照顾她的学生Modernscienceismorethanalargeamountofinformation.现代科学不仅仅是大量的信息MytriptoBeijingismorethansightseeing.我去北京不仅仅是观光b.morethan与数词连用,意思是“多于,大于,超过”例如Ihaveknownhimformorethantwentyyears.我认识他已超过二十年了Morethantenpolicementurnedupatthespotwheretheaccidenthappened.十多位警察出现在出事地点c.morethan与形容词和分词连用,表示“非常,十分”例如Theyweremorethanhappytoseeusebackfromtheexpedition.看到我们远征而归,他们异常高兴Iwasmorethansurprisedtoseethelionstandingatthebody.看到那头狮子站在尸体旁边,我非常惊讶Iammorethanhappytoacceptyourinvitation.我很高兴接受你的邀请d.morethan与动词连用,对动词起着加强语气的作用例如Repeatedadvertisingwillmorethanincreaseproductsales.多次做广告意味着增加产品的销售HisprogressinEnglishlearningmorethanencouragedhimtolearnthesubjectwell.在英语学习方面的进步激励他学好这门课程e.morethan和含有情态动词的句子连用,有否定意义,表示“是……难以……”或“超过了……所能”之义例如ThebeautyofthemountainouscountryismorethanIcandescribe.我难以描述那个山村的美丽ThisproblemismorethanachildlikeJackcansettle.这一问题超出了像杰克这样的小孩的解决能力[拓展]nomorethan意思是“仅仅,不过,只是”例如Allhiseducationaddeduptonomorethanoneyear.他所接受的所有的学校教育只有一年Theirnewflathasnomorethan60squaremeters.他们的新居只有60平方米notmorethan表示“至多,不超过”,例如Lyingonthegroundwasaschoolboyofnotmorethanseventeen.躺在地上的那个男学生最多十七岁3.ItwaswhenAsimovwaselevenyearsoldthathistalentforwritingbecameobvious.正是阿西莫夫11岁时,他的写作天赋明显显露出来该句使用了强调句型Itwas...that...强调了时间状语从句whenAsimovwaselevenyearsoldtalentn.a.天资,天赋;才能+forHehadatalentformusic.他有音乐天赋Mysisterhasatalentfordrawing.我妹妹有画画的天赋b.天才,有才能的人们Sheisanewdivingtalent.她是一个新的跳水天才Thepanymakesgooduseofitstalent.该公司很好地发挥了内部人才的作用4.Itwasdisturbingandfrighteningthathelookedsohuman.机器人如此通人性,这使她觉得心烦和害怕It是形式主语,that引导的句子是这个句子的主语,that从句叫主语从句It放在句首,真正的主语放在后面,这是英语的一种常见结构ItwasclearthatClairehadfalleninlovewithTony.很显然,克莱尔已爱上了托尼Itseemsunlikelythatshewillrefusetheoffer.看上去她不太可能拒绝给她的帮助带有that从句的先行词结构有以下几种不同的搭配关系1It+be+adj.+thatclause.ItiscertainthatWilliamwilldowellinhisexam.威廉肯定会考得很好Itisabsurdthathebelievesthenumber13hasbroughthimthebadluck.他认为是13这个数字给他带来了厄运,这太可笑了在表示建议、命令、要求等意义的It结构中,that从句的谓语动词常常用should+do的形式Itissaidthatheshouldgotherewithoutdelay.他最好马上去那里Itisimportantthatweshouldbeherebytheweekend.周末我们得在这里,这很重要在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等意义的It结构中,that从句的谓语动词也常用这种形式Itisntamazingthattheyshouldhavedecidedtodivorce.他们已经决定离婚,这并不令人吃惊ItisregrettablethatTomshouldleavesosoon.真遗憾汤姆这么快就要离开了2It+be+n.ornounphrase+thatclause.Itisagreatpleasurethatsheiswellagainandcangotoheroffice.她身体恢复了,可以去上班了,这真让人高兴Itisapitythatsheshouldrefusetoacceptthissuggestion.真遗憾她拒绝了这个建议3It+be+v.-ed+thatclause.ItissaidthatIsaacwillacpanyhisparentstovisitEurope.据说艾莎克将陪父母去欧洲访问ItissuggestedthateachchildrenshouldsingasonginEnglishattheparty.建议每个学生都得在晚会上唱支英文歌4Itseems/happens...+thatclause.Itseemsthattheyareinurgentneedofhelp.好像他们现在急需帮助Ithappensthattheprettiestbirdsaretheworstsingers.很碰巧,最漂亮的鸟是最差的歌手要注意的是这种结构与强调结构的区别试比较ItwasTonythatmanagedtohelpherintime.是托尼及时设法帮助了她ItwasthenthatClairerealizedthatTonyhadopenedthecurtainsofthefrontwindow.也就在这时候,克莱尔才意识到托尼早就把前边窗户的窗帘拉开了5.SoClaireborrowedapileofbooksfromthelibraryforhimtoread,orrather,scan.于是,克莱尔从图书馆借了一堆书给托尼阅读,或者说给他浏览一下1apileof/pilesof=alotofTherewereapileofmagazinesonthedesk.桌子上有一堆杂志Ivegotpilesofworktodothisevening.今天晚上我有一大堆工作要做2orrather awayofcorrectingsomethingyouhavesaid,ormakingitmoreexact.HelivesinLondon,orrather,inthesuburbsofLondon.他住在伦敦,更准确地说是在伦敦郊区Youhavetobesixteenforcheaptickets—orratherundersixteen.你得是16岁才能买便宜的票,更准确地说是16岁以下6....youcannothavewomenfallinginlovewithmachines.……总不能让女人爱上机器这句话的结构是have+n.+doing,have的意思是causesb.todo,它与have+sb.+do结构的意思有时略有不同,前者讲的是过程,后者叙述的是当时的情况AssoonasIgotthere,ItriedtohaveJohnfindmeahouse.我一到那里,就试着让约翰给我找房子Shehadusalllaughingatherjokes.她的笑话让我们大笑另外,在have+n.+doing结构中,如果have用作否定时,其意思是notpermitorallowIcanthaveyougoingeverywhereanddoingnothingallday.我不能让你整天无所事事地东游西逛7.Asimovhadbothanextraordinaryimaginationthatgavehimtheabilitytoexplorefutureworldsandanamazingmindwithwhichhesearchedforexplanationsofeverything,inthepresentandthepast.阿西默夫不仅有超凡的想象力,使他能对未来世界进行探索,而且还有着惊人的智力,使他对现在的和过去的各种事物作出解释这个句子稍微有点复杂,现简要地分析一下Asimovhadbothanextraordinaryimaginationandanamazingmind是这个句子的重要部分,动词不定式toexplorefutureworlds修饰ability,withwhich引导的定语从句修饰anamazingmindwithwhich是“介词+whichwhom”的结构,其介词的选择受到一定的限制或与前面的名词搭配有关本句就是这样,或与后面的动词或者词组搭配有关Heseemedtobelookingforthewordswithwhichhecouldexpresswhathewasthinkingabout.他好像正在找能表达他想法的词语Thecar,forwhichIpaidalotofmoney,isnowoutofdate.我花很多钱买的这辆小汽车现在过时了
二、文化背景知识RobotArobotcanbedefinedasaprogrammable,self-controlleddeviceconsistingofelectronic,electrical,ormechanicalunits.Moregenerally,itisamachinethatfunctionsinplaceofalivingagent.Robotsareespeciallydesirableforcertainworkfunctionsbecause,unlikehumans,theynevergettired;theycanendurephysicalconditionsthatareunfortableorevendangerous;theycanoperateinairlessconditions;theydonotgetboredbyrepetition;andtheycannotbedistractedfromthetaskathand.Theconceptofrobotsisaveryoldoneyettheactualword“robot”wasinventedinthe20thcenturyfromtheCzechoslovakianwordrobotorroboticmeaningslave,servant,orforcedlabor.Robotsdonthavetolookoractlikehumansbuttheydoneedtobeflexiblesotheycanperformdifferenttasks.Earlyindustrialrobotshandledradioactivematerialinatomiclabsandwerecalledmaster/slavemanipulators.Theywereconnectedtogetherwithmechanicallinkagesandsteelcables.Remotearmmanipulatorscannowbemovedbypushbuttons,switchesorjoysticks.Currentrobotshaveadvancedsensorysystemsthatprocessinformationandappeartofunctionasiftheyhavebrains.Their“brain”isactuallyaformofputerizedartificialintelligenceAI.AIallowsarobottoperceiveconditionsanddecideuponacourseofactionbasedonthoseconditions.Arobotcanincludeanyofthefollowingponents effectors—“arms”,“legs”,“hands”,“feet”sensors—partsthatactlikesensesandcandetectobjectsorthingslikeheatandlightandconverttheobjectinformationintosymbolsthatputersunderstandputer—thebrainthatcontainsinstructionscalledalgorithmstocontroltherobotequipment—thisincludestoolsandmechanicalfixturesCharacteristicsthatmakerobotsdifferentfromregularmachineryarethatrobotsusuallyfunctionbythemselves,aresensitivetotheirenvironment,adapttovariationsintheenvironmentortoerrorsinpriorperformance,aretask-orientedandoftenhavetheabilitytotrydifferentmethodstoacplishatask.RobotTimeline270BCanancientGreekengineernamedCtesibusmadeorgansandwaterclockswithmovablefigures.1818—MaryShelleywrote“Frankenstein”whichwasaboutafrighteningartificiallifeformcreatedbyDr.Frankenstein.1921—Theterm“robot”wasfirstusedinaplaycalled“R.U.R.”or“RossumsUniversalRobots”bytheCzechwriterKarelCapek.Theplotwassimple manmakesrobotthenrobotkillsman!1941—SciencefictionwriterIsaacAsimovfirstusedtheword“robotics”todescribethetechnologyofrobotsandpredictedtheriseofapowerfulrobotindustry.1942—Asimovwrote“Runaround”,astoryaboutrobotswhichcontainedthe“ThreeLawsofRobotics”Arobotmaynotinjureahuman,or,throughinaction,allowahumanbeingtoetoharm.ArobotmustobeytheordersbyhumanbeingsexceptwheresuchorderswouldconflictwiththeFirstLaw.ArobotmustprotectitsownexistenceaslongassuchprotectiondoesnotconflictwiththeFirstorSecondLaw.1948—“Cybernetics”,aninfluenceonartificialintelligenceresearchwaspublishedbyNorbertWiener.1956—GeorgeDevolandJosephEngelbergerformedtheworldsfirstrobotpany.1959—puter-assistedmanufacturingwasdemonstratedattheServomechanismsLabatMIT.1961—ThefirstindustrialrobotwasonlineinaGeneralMotorsautomobilefactoryinNewJersey.ItwascalledUNIMATE.1963—Thefirstartificialroboticarmtobecontrolledbyaputerwasdesigned.TheRanchoArmwasdesignedasatoolforthehandicappedanditssixjointsgaveittheflexibilityofahumanarm.1965—DENDRALwasthefirstexpertsystemorprogramdesignedtoexecutetheaccumulatedknowledgeofsubjectexperts.1968—Theoctopus-likeTentacleArmwasdevelopedbyMarvinMinsky.1969—TheStanfordArmwasthefirstelectricallypowered,puter-controlledrobotarm.1970—Shakeywasintroducedasthefirstmobilerobotcontrolledbyartificialintelligence.ItwasproducedbySRIInternational.1974—AroboticarmtheSilverArmthatperformedsmall-partsassemblyusingfeedbackfromtouchandpressuresensorswasdesigned.1979—TheStanfordCartcrossedachair-filledroomwithouthumanassistance.ThecarthadaTVcameramountedonarailwhichtookpicturesfrommultipleanglesandrelayedthemtoaputer.Theputeranalyzedthedistancebetweenthecartandtheobstacles.
三、参考资料1科幻作品近几年比较受欢迎的科幻小说、影视有X档案系列X-files,黑客帝国系列TheMatrix,星球大战系列StarWars,X战警系列XMen,终结者系列Terminator,哈利波特系列HarryPotter,指环王系列TheLordoftheRings等等学生如有兴趣,可以上网查询更多的资料参考网站http//sfsitehttp//asimovshttp//kehuan.net2IsaacAsimov艾莎克·阿西莫夫1920~1992Dr.IsaacAsimovwasanAmericanauthorandbiochemistwhowasborninRussiain
1920.AsimovwenttotheUnitedStateswithhisfamilyattheageofthree.HegrewupinNewYork,graduatingfromColumbiaUniversityin
1939.In1948,heearnedaPhDthere.Hebegantowritestoriesforsciencefictionmagazinesin
1939.Hewasaverysuccessfulwriterwhoproducedanamazingnumberofbooks hewroteover400volumes.Asimovisbestknownforhissciencefictionandpopularsciencebooks,ofwhichtheFoundationseries,theGalacticEmpireseriesandtheRobotseriesarethemostpopular.Asimovsbookscovervarioustopicsinscience,andhedevelopedasetofethicsforrobotsandmachineintelligencewhichinfluencedmanyotherwriters.。