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2019-2020年牛津译林版高中英语必修五Unit3《Scienceandnature》重点词汇讲解
1.ontheonehand…ontheotherhand一方面……另一方面,常用来引出两种不同的观点,重点常在后一种观点1OntheonehandIdlikeajobwhichpaysmorebutontheotherhandIenjoytheworkImdoingatthemoment.一方面我希望得到报酬高的工作,但另一方面我又很喜欢手头这件工作2IdliketoeatoutbutontheotherhandIshouldbetryingtosavemoney.我想出去吃,可(另一方面)我又该努力省钱
2.onone’s/thewaytosomething/doingsomething快要,将closetodoingsomething1I’mwellonthewaytopletingthereport.我就快把报告写好了2Morechangesareontheway.更多的变化就要发生了
3.tobeclonedsuccessfullyfromanadultcell动词不定式的被动结构作定语,修饰名词词组thefirstmammal,此处也可用不定式的完成被动式,或直接用过去分词1Dollywasthefirstmammaltohavebeenclonedfromanadultcell.=Shewasthefirstmammaltobeclonedsuccessfulfromanadultcell.(译文同上)=Dollywasthefirstmammalclonedfromanadultcell.(译文同上)多莉羊是用成体细胞克隆的第一头哺乳动物注意此处之所以三者可以互换,是由于被修饰的名词(mammal)前带有序数词thefirst的缘故2Thefirsttextbooktobepublished/tohavebeenpublished/publishedforteachingEnglishinChinaappearedinthelate19thcentury.为在中国教授英语而出版的的一本教科书出现在19世纪末期下文中“(Line32)…stemcellstobeusedinmedicalresearch”,此处划线的动词不定式作定语,表示“将……”,不可象上例中那样改写试比较abridgetobebuiltovertheriver即将兴建的桥(将来)abridgebuiltovertheriver3yearsago建于3年前的桥(过去,已经)abridgebeingbuilt正在新建的桥(正在)
4.considerdoingsomething考虑(打算)做某事后面常常用“ing”形式例如1Iconsideredchangingmyjob.我曾经想换个工作2TheChinesegovernmentisseriouslyconsideringbiddingtohostthexxFIFAWorldCup.中国政府正在认真考虑申办xx年世界杯足球赛这些动词常见的有admit(承认)appreciate(欣赏,感谢)avoid(避免)consider(考虑,打算)delay(推迟)dislike(讨厌)enjoy(喜欢)escape(逃脱)feellike(想要)finishforgive(宽恕,原谅)can’thelp(忍不住)imagine(设想,想象)involves(涉及,包括)notmind(介意)miss(逃脱,避免)practice(训练)preventresist(抵制)risk(冒险)suggestetc.例如3Canyouimaginesettlingonthemoonsomeday你能想象有一天能住到月球上去吗?4Theoperationinvolvesputtingasmalltubeintothepatient’sheart.这个手术包括把一根小导管植入病人的心脏另外,consider还可以是“认为(是)”的意思,常用复合宾语结构5Iconsideritagreathonourtobeinvited.承蒙邀请我倍感荣幸6TheyconsideredthemselvestobeEuropeans.他们认为自己是欧洲人
5.intention1后面常用动词不定式做表语或定语类似用法的词还有aimambitiondutyhopeideaintentionmistakeplanpurposesuggestion等例如1Hisaimistocreatenewtissuesandorgans.他的目的是造出新的(人体)组织和器官2Yourmistakewasnottowritethatletter.你的错是没有写那封信2withtheintentionof带着(怀着)……的意图,为了,例如3HedecidedtofindahostfamilywiththeintentionofimprovinghisEnglish.他决定找一家寄养家庭住,以提高自己的英语注意不可以说withtheintentiontodosomething3showrespectfor尊重,也可以说haverespectfor,例如4Sheplainedthatyoungpeopletodayshow/havenorespectforlaw.她抱怨说现在的年轻人对不尊重法律5Theboyshowedapletelackofrespectforauthority.这位男孩对权威缺乏最起码的尊重
6.anxious焦虑,担忧常用搭配有beanxiousaboutsth.对某事担忧,beanxiousforsb.为某人担忧,ananxiouslook/face/expression忧虑的目光/面容/表情anxious还可以表示“渴望,非常希望”,常用表达有beanxioustodosth.渴望做某事;beanxiousforsth(渴望获得某物);beanxiousforsb.todosth.渴望某人做某事;beanxiousthat…1Thereareplentyofgraduatesanxiousforwork.有大量毕业生渴求工作ofone’sown(某人)自己的=one’sown+n.aplaceofmyown=myownplace自己的地方(家)注意比较allonone’sown单独地,独立地2Theoldmanlivesonhisown.那老人独自住
7.adopt除了“领养”外,还有“采用”的意思如1Iadoptedtheirmethodofmakingthemachine.我采用了他们制造机器的方法2Thenewapproachofteachinghasbeenadoptedinmanyschools.这种新的教学方法已经被许多学校采用
8.1while在本句中是“虽然尽管”之意例如1Whiletherewasnoconclusiveevidencemostpeoplethoughthewasguilty.虽然没有肯定的证据,多数人还是认为他有罪2Whilehewasneverabigeaterhedidsnackalot.尽管他饭量不大,不过吃的零食可不算少3Schoolinthesoutharebetterequippedwhilethoseinthenortharerelativelypoor.南方的学校设备较好,而北方的则相对差一些2aheada(时间或空间)在前方,在前面;向前方,向前面(of)1Theclinicissomewaystraightahead.诊所就在正前方不远处2Unlessweplanaheadwearegoingtobeinamess.除非我们事先计划,否则一切将会一团糟baheadof在……之前,在……前面;优于,胜过3Wepletedthetask3daysaheadoftheschedule.我们比计划提前三天完成了任务4Sophieisfaraheadofotherchildreninclass.Sophie的成绩远比班上其他孩子好c)pushaheadwith努力推进5TheyhavedecidedtopushaheadwithProjectHope.他们决定努力推进“希望工程”6Thegovernmentispushingaheadwiththeeducationreformacrossthecountry.政府正在全国范围内大力推进教育改革dgoahead进行,进展;(作为回答)开始吧,好的,行eaheadoftime/schedule提前
9.benefit(使)受益avt有益于,造福于1Thisinventionwillsurelybenefittheworld.这个发明必将造福全世界2Theyareworkingtogethertobenefitthewholemunity.他们在共同努力造福全社区bvi.获益,得益,常跟from/by3Manythousandshavebenefitedfromthenewtreatment.成千上万的人得益于这种新的治疗(手段)比较Thenewtreatmenthasbenefitedmanythousands.4Manymanufacturerswillbenefitbycuttingtheirtaxes.许多制造商将从减税中获益c也可以作名词,利益,好处5Thelow-inehouseholdswillgetbenefitfromthenewpolicy.低收入家庭将从新政策中获益常见搭配有dobenefitto对……有益beofbenefittosomebody对……有益或有帮助forthebenefitof为了……的利益
10.consequence(常指不利的)影响,后果1Manybelievethatpovertyisadirectconsequenceofoverpopulation.许多人认为贫穷是人口过多的直接后果2Ifyouinsistoneatingsomuchsweetfoodyou’llhavetosuffertheconsequences.如果你坚持吃这么多甜食,你就得承担后果3Manyspecieshavediedoutasaconsequenceofman’sactivities.由于人类的活动,许多物种已经灭绝了常见搭配如take/suffer/face/dealwiththeconsequences承担后果asaconsequenceof(正式)=asaresultof
11.useup用完,耗尽,例如1Don’tuseupallthemilk.Weneedsomeforbreakfast.不要把牛奶都用完,我们还需要一些当早饭介词up表示“完”、“尽”、“结束”“完成”之义,类似的还有eatup吃完drinkup喝完;干杯endup结束,以……告终“结束性”动词的进行时并不是表示“正在进行”,而是表示“就要”“快要”的意思一些表示“位置移动(goeleave)”的动词也有类似用法2Theoldgoatisdying.那头老山羊快要断气了3I’mfinishingoffsoon.我快完工了另外,表示“变化(beegetgrow)”的动词的进行时则常常表示“逐渐”之意4It’sgettingdark.天渐渐黑了
12.afteralla)毕竟(重要的句间连接词,用来陈述理由,解释上文)1Ilikeher.Sheismysisterafterall.我喜欢她,她是我妹妹啊2Heshouldhavepaid.Afterallhesuggestedit.他该付账,毕竟是他提议的b)终究毕竟(表示尽管有困难或问题,还是……)3Soyoumadeitafterall.你毕竟还是成功了4Therainhasstoppedsothegamewillgoaheadafterall.雨已经停了,所以比赛终究还是要进行的
13.ona…note从……角度来说,以……口气说speakingina…way1OnapersonalnoteI’mtrulygratefultothewritersofthosepublications.从我个人的角度来说,我真诚地感谢那些刊物的作者们2Sheendedherspeechonapersonalnote.她以私人的口气结束了讲话
14.transform使……改变外观、形态或性质;使改观,常跟介词from连用,名词为transformation1Anewcolorschemewilltransformyourbedroom.新的色彩调配将使你的卧室焕然一新2Itwasaneventthatwouldtransformmylife.那是能够彻底改变我的一生的一件事
15.hardly表示否定的副词,表示“几乎不”,类似的副词还有scarcelyrarely等1Hehardlyunderstandshisson’sthoughtsdoeshe他几乎不理解他儿子的想法,是吗?2Hardlyhadhegothomewhenitrained.他刚回家就下雨了
16.turnouta)……地发展(或发生),结果1Despiteourworrieseverythingturnedoutwell.尽管我们很担心,结果一切顺利2Youneverknowhowyourchildrenwillturnout.很难说子女将来的发展会怎样b)证明是,结果是(+tobe+n./adj.或that…)3Itturnedoutthatshewasafriendofmysister.她原来是我姐姐的朋友4Thejobturnedouttobeharderthanwethought.这工作结果比我们想象的要难c)turnout还可以是以下意思a)关(灯),b)生长,制造,c)逐出,d)清空,等等下面句中的turnout各是什么意思?请在后面的括号中填入相应的序号Don’tforgettoturnoutthelightswhenyougo.Ifyoucan’tpaytherenttheyturnyouout.Heturnedouthisdrawerforhispen.Thefactoryturnsout1000carsaday.
17.put…inplace实施,到位,做到与place相关的常用短语还有inplace准备就绪inplaceofsb./sth.=insb’s/sth.’splace;takeone’splace代替,顶替outofplace位置不当,不适当putyourselfinsb.else’s/sb’splace设想自己处于别人的境地takeplace发生takeyourplace请入座
18.figureout理解,弄明白,演算出,用名词或wh-从句作宾语1IfIhaveamapIcanfigureoutthedistance.如果我有地图我就能算出距离2Scientistsattemptedtofigureouthowthecancercellsreproducethemselves.科学家们决心弄明白癌细胞是怎样自我复制的
19.match在本句中是“(与……)成一双”的意思,再如1Yoursocksdon’tmatch.你的袜子不是一双另外还有1(指颜色、样式等)相配2Doesthisshirtmatchthetrousers这件衬衫与裤子相配吗?2与……相一致3Theiractionsdonotmatchtheirwords.他们言行不一4Teachingmaterialsshouldmatchindividualstudents’needs.教学材料应当与个体的学生的需求一致3与……配对,把……和……联系起来5Canyoumatchtheanimalswiththecountriesthateachstandsfor你能把这些动物与它们每个所代表的国家配起来吗?4般配,比得上6FewcitiesinEuropecanmatchtheculturalrichnessofRome.几乎没有哪个欧洲城市能比得上罗马的丰富文化
20.judgment此指“对事物的判断力”,useone’s(good)judgment指作决定时用脑子,做出理智的判断1Useyourgoodjudgmentbeforeyoudecide.作决定前动脑子想想makeajudgmentabout对……做出判断makeadecisionabout作出……的决定
21.followinone’sfootsteps步某人的后尘,继承某人的事业或传统1Heisadoctorandexpectshissontofollowinhisfootsteps.他是个医生所以希望他儿子继承他的事业
22.conduct进行;引导;(音乐)指挥;(正式)行为;(物理)传导(热,电等)conduct=carryouta/ansurveyexperimenttestinterviewetc进行调查(实验,考试,面试等)
23.majority大多数(人、物),常用复数的谓语动词1Themajorityofstudentsfindithardtoacceptthenewtheory.多数学生觉得很难接受这个新理论
24.insummary总的来说,归纳起来文章结尾时常用短语,类似的还有toconcludetosumuptosummarize等
25.insist在此为“坚持要求”,其所带宾语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气,用shoulddo表示1Heinsistedthatheshouldbesetfreesincehehaddonenothingwrong.他坚持要求被释放因为他没做错什么insist还可表示“坚持认为”,其所带宾语从句谓语动词用陈述语气2Heinsistedthatshewastheverygirlhehadbeenwaitingfor.他坚持认为她就是他等待已久的女孩insist还可与介词on连用构成insistonsth./doingsth.的结构,表示“坚持要求或坚持认为”3Heinsistedonhisinnocence.他坚持认为他无罪4Heinsistedonbeingpresent.他坚持要求出席
26.take…intoconsideration考虑到,顾及=take…intoaccount1Takingeverythingintoconsiderationthiseventisagreatsuccess.从各方面来考虑,这个事情是一大成功
27.ordinary平常的,普通的,用于指人或事物平淡无奇,没有突出或显眼之处1He’sjustanordinarymananddoestheordinarywork.他只是一个平凡的人,做着平凡的工作辨析normalusualaveragemonnormal:正常的,正规的,常态的,强调在正常情况下的应有的状态或特征usual:通常的,一贯如此的,常指习惯或时间average:平均的,普通的,平常的mon:常见的,不足为奇的,因普遍存在而显普通2Itisnormaltofeeltiredaftersuchalongtrip.这样长途旅行之后感到疲劳时正常的3Heisnowsittingathisusualplace.他现在坐在他常坐的位子上4Itisastruggleforagirlofaverageability.这对于一个能力一般的女孩来说是一件难事5RidingelectricbicycletoworkismoninChina.在中国骑电动车上班是很常见的
28.paredwithordinaryanimals过去分词作状语,表被动1paredwithboysgirlstendtobemoreemotional.与男生相比,女孩更情绪化(被动)2paringboysandgirlsyouwillfindthelattermoreemotional.比较男女生,你会发现后者更情绪化(主动)3HavingparedboysandgirlsIfoundthelattermoreemotional.比较了男女生后,我发现后者更情绪化(主动,完成)
29.Noteverythingis…部分否定的表达方法,也可说成1Everythingthatisbestfornatureisnotgoodforpeople.类似的情况还有notall…are=all…arenot…不是所有的都……区别于完全否定nothingnobodynone2Noneofthebusesisworthfixing.没有一辆公交车值得修理3Allofthebusesarenotworthfixing.不是所有的公交车都值得修理
30.infavourof意思是“赞同,支持”,后面接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式,如1TheCouncilvotedinfavourofa€200millionhousingdevelopment.议会投票通过了一个2亿欧元的住房发展计划2ItalkedtoSueaboutthetravelplanandsheisallinfavorofgoing.我和苏谈过这个旅行计划,她完全同意去favour还可以构成许多其它词组,如inone’sfavour有利于,对某人有利insomebody/something’sfavour支持,赞同dosomebodyafavour帮某人一个忙asksomebodyafavour请某人帮个忙returnafavour还某人一个人情
31.meetone’sneeds满足某人的需要,meet在这儿是“满足”的意思,常和needsrequirements,demands等词连用,此meet也可以用satisfy替换例如1Parentsneedn’tbothertomeetalltheirchildren’sneeds.父母没必要完全满足子女的要求2Theirdemandsforbetterpayswerenotmet.他们加薪的要求没有得到满足
32.Nowhereisthis…否定副词放句首构成倒装句,同类的词还有hardlynosoonerseldomrarely等1Seldomdoeshedelayhishomework.他几乎不迟交作业2Rarelyhavehisparentsmethisneeds.他的父母亲很少满足他的要求
33.desirev./n.渴望,愿望,想要,要求名词常用搭配a/the/one’sdesireforsth./todosth.1I’msurprisedathisstrongdesireforpower.我惊讶于他对权力的强烈渴望2Shefeltanoverwhelmingdesiretoreturnhome.她感到想要回家的渴望难以遏制动词常用搭配desiresth.desiresb.todosth.3Hestronglydesiredtobeleftalone.他很渴望一个人呆着注意desire所带从句如表示愿望要求的内容,则从句谓语部分要用虚拟语气,用should+动词原形表示4Inspiteofthelackofmoneytheymanagedtomeettheironlyson’sdesirethatheshouldfurtherhisstudyabroad.尽管缺钱,他们想方设法满足了他们的独生子到国外升造的愿望
34.ratherthan而不是,连接并列的两个成分1RatherthanleavehepreferstoremaininChinatown.他宁愿留在唐人街而不愿离开2I’llhaveacolddrinkratherthanahotcoffee.我想要冷饮而不是热咖啡rather的其它搭配wouldratherdosth.thando宁愿做某事而不愿……orrather更确切的说词汇练习
一、单词拼写
1.Theyoungmanstoleintotheflatwiththei________ofgettingsomefood.
2.Afteraweekofconfusiontheorderofthetownbegantoreturnton________.
3.Afterthelongholidayhisprofessionallifewassurprisinglyt.
4.Almosteveryonehasb________fromthisgreatinventionofEdison’s.
5.Twohundredpeoplelosttheirhomesasadirectcofthestorm.
6.Astheoldsayinggoesfailureisthemotherofs________.
7.Witheverythingp________inplacethechairmanannouncedtheopeningofthemeeting.
8.Icanfeelpeople’saforthewartoend.
9.What’sthematterwithhimHe’sb________strangelythesedays.
10.Beingac________driverhenevertakesanyrisks.
11.Thekeyto________限制airpollutionisstrictregulationonprivatecars.
12.Themofthewebsitesareaccessiblefreeofcharge.
13.Thisisnojoking.Youmusttakeit________认真.
14.Thousandsofchildrenwereabyforeignfamiliesafterthewar.
15.Weshouldnevertoywiththecustomersonlyforeconomicp.
16.GMfoodisclaimedtobeofm________benefittoman:youdon’tneedtotakemedicineanymore.
17.Thea________ofputersciencehasgreatlychangedpeople’swayofmunication.
18.Nooneistoleavethebuildingwithoutmyp.
19.Nothingcanexplainyourfailureinthetestbutc________.Becarefulnexttime.
20.FromhisflookIguesshemusthavefoundsomethinghorrible.
21.Hispooricanhardlyfeedthehugefamily.
22.Theresultmustbea.Notasinglemistakewillbeforgiven.
23.Themanagerthoughtshewasrsothathetoldhereverydetailofhisplan.
24.Ascientificdietprovidesbalancednforyourbody.
25.Theschoolhasdecidedtoholdasportsfestivalandthea_______willbemadeontheschoolradio.
二、动词填空
1.Thecloningtechnology________intendtocuresomediseasesissometimesmisused.
2.“Can’tyouread”saidthemanangrily________pointtothesignonthewall.
3.It’satragedythatmandoesn’trealizethatthey________useupthelimitednaturalresources.
4.________boileggsaremorebeneficialtohealththan________fryones.
5.Withgreatefforts________focusontheconservationprojectthenumberofpandaissteadilyincreasing.
6.Theman________catchstealingprovedtobementallyill.
7.________establishinthe1780sthisuniversityisnowonetheoldestoneintheUS.
8.________observetheproblemformanyyearsheannouncedthatwearenowfacingthebiggestenvironmentalproblem.
9.________preparefullywecanachievegreatthings.
10.Hekepthistortoise________hideinablanket.
11.Thefirsttextbooks__________writeforteachingEnglishinChinacameoutinthe16thcentury.
12.Mostoftheguests___________invitetothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.
13.Theputercenter__________openlastyearisintendedtoteachthosewhodon’tknowmuchabouttheputer.
14.Thespeakerraisedhervoicebutstillcouldn’tmakeherself__________hear.
15.Withtreesandflowers___________planteverywheremyhometownhastakenonanewlook.
16.Jimwasshockedtonoticeherhair__________cutshortwhenDellareturnedhome.
17.__________leavealonethebabybegantocry.
18.__________clonefromanadultcellDollythesheeplooksexactlythesameasher“mother”sheep.
19.Mostbeginnerswilltakeupabook__________determinetomastereverywordofitonlytogiveitupintheend.
20.“MustyoumakesomuchnoiseYou’reinthetheatre.”Saidthemaninan________irritatevoice.答案
一、单词拼写
1.intention
2.normal
3.transformed
4.benefited
5.consequence
6.success
7.put
8.anxiety
9.behaving
10.cautious
11.limiting
12.majority
13.seriously
14.adopted
15.profits
16.medical
17.advance
18.permission
19.carelessness
20.frightened
21.ine
22.accurate
23.reliable
24.nutrition
25.announcement
二、动词填空
1.intended
2.pointing
3.areusingup
4.Boiled;fried
5.focused
6.caught
7.Established
8.Havingobserved
9.Preparing
10.hidden
11.written
12.invited
13.opened
14.heard
15.planted
16.cut
17.left
18.cloned
19.determined
20.irritated。