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2019-2020年牛津译林版高中英语选修八Unit2《TheUniversalLanguage》语法讲练一个句子中某些部分被省略掉了,这种情况在语法中被称作省略省略的目的也是为了避免重复,使语言精练大体上来说,被省略的部分是上文已出现过的词语或被省略的部分,并非上文出现的内容,但是在意义上是不言自明的
1.简单句中的省略1省略主语例如“Getup.”(省略了主语you)(祈使句中的主语通常被省略)其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法例如Thankyouforyourhelp.(省略了主语I)Doesn’tmatter.(省略了主语it)2省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分例如Nosmoking.(省略了主谓语Thereis)Haveacupoftea(省略了主语及谓语的助动词部分willyou)3省略宾语例如DoyouknowMr.SmithIdon’tknow.(省略了宾语him)4省略表语例如—Areyouhungry—YesIam.(省略了表语hungry)5同时省略几个成分例如—Areyoufeelingbetternow—Muchbetter.(省略了Iamfeeling…now)—Haveyoufinishedyourwork—Notyet.(省略了Ihave…finishedmywork…)6其它省略结构例如1名词所有格所修饰的名词,表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时,常常可以省略例如WespenttheweekendattheSmith’s.2What和How引导的感叹句中,常可省略主语it和be动词例如Whatawonderfulvictoryitisforher!3不定式省略,单独使用不定式符号to代替动词不定式后被省略的动词,常在beafraidexpectforgethopeintendlikelovemeanpreferrefuseseemtrywantwish等后边例如Iaskedhimtoseethefilmbuthedidn’twantto.A.在haveneedoughtbegoingused等后例如Ididn’twanttogotherebutIhadto.B.在某些形容词gladhappypleaseddelighted等后例如—Willyoujoinus—Ishouldloveto.C.如不定式中有behavehavebeen则常保留behavehavebeen例如—Areyouasailor—NobutIusedtobe.—Hehasn’tfinishedyet.—Wellheoughttohave.但是,1当前面句子中出现的是复合助动词时,在省略句中只需保留一个—Youwouldn’thavewonifIhadn’thelpedyou.—IwouldIthink.2当后一个句子中的助动词不同于前句的助动词时,则应重复例如—IthinkMaryshouldbetold.—Shehasbeen.3当be和have作实义动词时,其后的有关成分可以省去例如—Iamtired.—Iamtoo.但其它动词则不可以这样例如Doyouliketheplay不可以回答YesIlike.而应该说:YesIlikeit/Ido.
2.并列句中的省略如果后一个句中含有与前面一个句子相同的部分,我们通常将此予以省略具体地说,有下面三种情况7相同主语或宾语的省略例如Hesangandheplayedtheguitar.(省略主语)Johnwashedhisownshirtandironedhisownshirt.(省略宾语)8相同谓语的省略例如Ihaven’treadthisbookyetbutIwillreaditlater.Somebooksaretobetastedothersaretobeswallowedandsomefewaretobechewedanddigested.但如果behave和do在前一个句中作主要动词,而在后一个分句中用作助动词,这时后一个分句中的助动词不可以省去例如Jimwaslateandwasexplaininghimself.Janehasagoodmemoryandhasrecitedallthepoemswetaughtherlastnight.9相同表语的省略例如Peterhasrecentlybeeahard-workingstudentsandhisbrotheralwayswasahard-workingstudents.
3.主从句中的省略10定语从句中作宾语的关系代词thatwhichwhom常可以省略;当先行词是timereasonplace是作状语的关系副词whenwhywhere也可省去例如Thisisthefirsttimewhenhehadtroublewiththeboss.11宾语从句中的省略在以疑问代词和疑问副词引导的宾语从句中,如该宾语从句涉及的是上下文所谈的内容,有时可以省去宾语从句中除疑问词以外的部分,而意思不受影响例如ThedoctorbelievedsomethingwaswrongwithMike’schestandhewastryingtofindoutwhatwaswrongwithMike’schest.—YoupromisedtobuyanewdressforMary.—YesIdid.ButIdidn’tsaywhenIwouldbuyit.12一般状语从句中的省略1如果状语从句中的主语与主句的主语相同,而谓语又含有动词be(包括连系动词和助动词),这时可以把从句的主语和be动词一同省去例如WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreetIheardmynamecalled.Thoughhewastiredthelittlegirlkeptonstudying.2当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时,间或也有这样的省略Herfathertoldhertobecarefulwhencrossingthestreet.3用so或not代替上文内容,用ifso/not的省略句式:Getupearlytomorrow.Ifnotyouwillmissthefirstbus.13比较状语从句中的省略4如从句中含有与主句相同的成分,通常仅保留参与比较的部分(即比较的另一方),省略其它成分例如Steamtakesupmorespacethanwatertakes.Wearemoreconfidentthanwehaveeverbeen.5如从句中含有先行主语it时,通常省略it和其指代部分(名词性从句或不定式)例如Hespentmoremoneythanitwasintendedthatheshouldspend.Youarrivedearlierthanitwasusual/necessaryforyoutoarrive.6比较状语从句中的宾语一般情况下不可省略,如JamesenjoyedthemoviemorethanSusanenjoyedit.不能省略it但是,当谓语动词为动词替代词do时,宾语可以省略例如HespeaksEnglishaswellashisteacherdoes.练习
一、单项选择
1.—Alicewhydidn’tyoueyesterday—I________butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did
2.Dr.BlackesfromeitherOxfordorCambridgeandIcan’tremember________.A.whereB.thereC.whichD.that
3.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif________whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.A.seeingB.havingseenC.tohaveseenD.tosee
4.—TomdidMr.Lijoinyouinyourdiscussion—Nohe_________buthehappenedtohavefallenill.A.wouldliketoB.wastohaveC.willD.wasgoingtojoin
5.________Ithinkandtheproblemscouldbesettled.A.IfyoudoubleyoureffortsB.SolongasyoukeepupyourspiritsC.MakinggreatereffortsD.Abitmoreefforts
6.—Haveyoubeenherelong—________.A.NonotveryB.NotmuchC.YesonlylittleD.Noonlyyesterday
7.—Haveyoufedthedog—Nobut__________.A.IamB.I’mC.I’mjustgoingtoD.I’mjustgoing
8.Iaskedhimtogototheconcertbuthedidn’t_________.A.wantB.wantitC.wanttoD.wanttogo
9.—Alicefeelsbettertoday.—Ithinkshe__________.A.willB.willbeC.doesD.doesso
10.Hemaynotbeathomethen________leavehimanote.A.ifnotsoB.ifheisC.ifhenotD.ifso
11.Thebook________appealstomanyadultreaderstoo.A.itwaswrittenforchildrenbutB.thoughwhichwaswrittenforchildrenC.waswrittenforchildrenD.thoughwrittenforchildren
12.Ifyoudon’tgo________.A.neithershallIB.neitherdoIC.neitheramID.eithershallI
13.—Willyoubeabletofinishthejobthismonth—________.A.Ican’tsaysoB.I’mnotsuresoC.Idon’tknowsoD.Idon’texpectso
14.—Doyouwanttoewithus—________.A.IprefernoB.IprefernottoC.Idon’tpreferD.Idon’tpreferso
15.When________themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.pletedB.pletingC.beingpletedD.tobepleted
16.Heoftenfallsasleepwhile________televisionathome.A.towatchB.watchingC.watchedD.watch
17.Someonehadbrokenintotheofficeand_________thedocument.A.stealB.stoleC.stolenD.havestolen
18.Wearegoingtotheconcertthedayaftertomorrowand________.A.youareeitherB.soareyouC.alsowillyouD.sowillyou
19.IfJanewon’tgototheparty________.A.andPeterwon’tB.andwillPeternotC.willPeternoteitherD.neitherwillPeter
20.Althoughheranasfastas________hedidn’twinthecross-countryrace.A.hecoulddoB.hewasableC.possibleD.hecouldrun
21.Heplaysbasketballbetterthan________football.A.hedoesB.playsheC.doesD.play
22.—Haveyoufinishedwritingthereport—YesI________yesterday.A.haveB.hadC.didD.havedone
23.WeallthinkyouspeakEnglishasfluentlyas________.A.speaksanativespeakerB.anativespeakerdoesC.willanativespeakerD.anativespeakeris
24.—Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.—Imeant________butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn’tfindheranywhere.A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingso
25.Youareputtingonweight.Why________yourmilkwithoutsugarA.nothavingB.nothaveC.younothaveD.younottohave
26.—Everybodyisgoingtoclimbthemountain.CanIgotoomom—________Waittillyouareoldenoughdear.A.WillyouB.WhynotC.Ihopeso.D.I’mafraidnot.
27.—Washesorryforwhathe’ddone—________.A.NowonderB.WelldoneC.NotreallyD.Goahead
28.—IsitallrightifIkeepthisphoto—________.A.Noyoudon’tB.Noitshouldn’tC.I’mafraidnotD.Don’tkeepit
29.—DoyouknowifLindaiswillingtotakechargeoftheprogram—________doesitA.ItmakesnotimeB.ItcountsfornothingC.Itdoesn’thurttoaskD.Itdoesn’tmakesense
30.—I’lldothewashing-up.Jackwouldyoupleasedothefloors—________.A.YespleaseB.NoIdon’tC.YessureD.Nonotatall
31.—Herfatherisveryrich.—________Shewouldn’taccepthishelpevenifitwereoffered.A.WhatforB.SowhatC.Nodoubt.D.Nowonder.
32.—I’msorry.Thatwasn’tofmuchhelp.—Oh________.Asamatteroffactitwasmosthelpful.A.sureitwasB.itdoesn’tmatterC.ofcoursenotD.thanksanywayKey:1-5CCDBD6-10ACCCD11-15DADBA16-20BCBDD21-25ACBBB26-32DCCCCBA。