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2019-2020年牛津译林版高中英语选修八Unit2《TheUniversalLanguage》重点词汇讲解
1.universaladj.共通的、广泛的、全球的、公认的;普遍的、一般的;Therewasuniversalagreementastowhoshouldbeechairman.谁该当主席,大家的意见是一致的Thisisasubjectofuniversalinterest.这是一个普遍关心的问题Footballisauniversalgame.足球是一项全球化的体育运动
2.witnessvt.亲眼目睹Didyoureallywitnesstheaccidentthathappenednearourschool你真的亲眼目睹了发生在我们学校附近的那场事故?Severaljournalistswitnessedtheincidentinwhicheightpeoplewereinjured.几名记者目睹了那场事故,事故中八人受伤witnessn.目击者;证人Mr.Greenwasaskedtoactasawitnesstotheagreementbetweenhistwofriends.格林先生被叫去在他的两位朋友达成的协议上签名作证Hewillappearasawitnessforthedefence.他将作为被告的证人出庭阅读下列各句,辨别witness的词性和含义1Policehaveappealedforwitnessestotheaccident.(n.目击者)2Hisgoodhealthisawitnesstothesuccessofthetreatment.(n.为……提供证据3Recentyearshavewitnessedagrowingsocialmobility.(vt.见证)4Shewitnessedtohavingseenthemanenterthebuilding.(vi.作证说)
3.castvt.分派某人扮演角色;为……选演员;(其过去式和过去分词均为cast)Thedirectorcastmeasamadscientist.导演分派我演一个发狂的科学家JohnwascastasHamletandMaryasOpheliainthefilm.在这部戏中,约翰扮演哈姆雷特,马莉扮演奥菲利亚阅读下列各句,辨别cast的词性和含义1Thefishermencasttheirnetsintothesea.(vt.抛、撒)2Tocastasidethesalesgirl’sdoubtsheemptiedallhispockets.(vt.打消)3Shecastaglanceinhisdirection.(vt.把……投向)4Wewerecastawayonanislandwithoutfoodorwater.(vt.使漂流)5Nowthatthewarmerweatherhasewecastoffourwinterclothing.(vt.脱掉、不再穿)6Thefilmhasastrongcastthatincludesseveralfamousnames.(n.演员阵容)
4.setvt.以……为背景;发生在……Thebookissetin17thcenturySpain.这本书以十七世纪的西班牙为背景TheplayissetinVenice.这部剧发生在威尼斯阅读下列各句,辨别set的含义1Couldyoupleasehelpmesetthetable(摆放)2Iopenedthecageandsetthebirdsfree.(使处于……状态)3Yourremarkssetmethinking.(使开始)4Shesetthealarmfor6:30a.m.(调整好)5Hesetanewlandspeedrecord.(创设)6Inwinterthesunsetearlyinthewest.(落、下沉)7Wesetaboutclearingupthemess.(开始做……)8Shesetasidealittlemoneyeachweek.(节省)9Theysetoff/setoutinsearchofthelostchild.(出发)10Thebombcouldbesetoffbytheslightestvibration.(使爆炸)
5.potentialadj.将来有可能成为……,潜在的Heisseenasapotentialleaderofourpoliticalparty.他将来有可能成为我们政党的领袖Alwaysonthelookoutforthepotentialdangers.时刻警惕潜在的危险阅读下列各句,注意potential的词性变化和含义1Hehasactingpotentialbutheneedstraining.(n.潜力)2Sheispotentiallyourbesttennisplayerbutsheneedstopracticemuchharder.(adv.有可能成为……)3Suchaforcefulpersonmayhavegreatpotentialitiesforeithergoodorevil.(n.潜在可能性)
6.imaginevt.想像;设想、认为Youcanimaginemysurprisewhentheytoldmethenews.你能想像得出他们在把那则消息告诉我时我是多么的惊讶YoucanimaginehowsurprisedIwas.你能想像得出我是多么的惊讶Trytoimaginethatyouareallaloneonadesertisland.试想一下你孤身一人在一个荒岛上It’shardtoimaginelivinginaplacewheretherearenocars.生活在一个没有汽车的地方是不可思议的CanyouimagineGeorgecookingthedinner你能想像乔治烧饭吗?Sheimaginesthatpeopledon’tlikeherbuttheydo.她认为人们都不喜欢她,但他们是喜欢她的
7.否定词never/no/not/nothing等与比较级连用,往往表达最高级含义世上没有比那些书更有价值的东西了Nothingintheworldismorevaluablethanthosebooks.=Thosebooksarethemostvaluableintheworld.Hesaidhehadneverwatchedamoreexcitinggamebefore.=Hesaidthegamewasthemostexcitingonehehadeverwatched.
8.decoratevt.装饰/修饰……decorate…with…用饰品装饰/修饰……;类似短语还有furnish…with…为(房间或房屋)配备(家具)equip…with…用(仪器、设备等)装备(工厂、车间、实验室等)对应名词分别为decoration(装饰,装饰品);furniture(家具);equipment(装备,设备,器材)Herliving-roomisfurnishedwithafortablenewsofa.Theworkshopisequippedwithmanymodernmachines.Itisawell/fullyequippedworkshop.TheyalwaysdecoratetheirclassroomwithballoonsandflowerswhenChristmases.
9.fallvi.(不知不觉地或突然地)进入……状态(过去式为fell过去分词为fallen)Hefellill.他病了Shefellintoadeepsleep.她睡熟了Theyhavefalleninlove.他们正热恋着Hefellvictimtohercharm.他被她的美所倾倒
10.marryvt.vi.(与……)结婚;娶;嫁Hemarriedlateinlife.他很晚才结婚Willyoumarryme你愿意嫁给我吗?阅读下列各句,注意marry的用法和含义1TheygotmarriedlastAprilandtheyhavebeenmarriedforayear.2Thebishopmarriedthem.3Shewantstomarryherdaughtertoarichman.
11.takeon(无被动式)呈现出……面貌、特征等Thetempletakesonagoldencolorwhenthesunsinksinthewest.Hisvoicetakesonamoreserioustone.阅读下列各句,写出takeon的含义1Sheisnotingoodhealththesedaysandcannottakeonmorework.(承担……工作等)2Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinthepastfewdecadesandnowithastakenonapletelynewlook.(呈现(面貌、特征等))3We’renottakingonanynewstaffatthemoment.(雇佣)4Thebusstoppedtotakeonmorepassengers.(接纳、装载)
12.disturbingadj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的;引起恐慌的I’vehadsomedisturbingexperience.我已经够烦的了ThereeagainsomedisturbingreportsabouttheMiddleEast.又有关于中东的令人不安的报道Itisdisturbingtothinkthatadangerouswildanimalisstillatlargeinthequietcountryside.想到在宁静的乡村里有一头危险的野兽继续逍遥流窜,真是令人不安阅读下列各句,注意disturb的其它用法1Iwasdeeplydisturbedanddepressedbythenews.(心烦意乱的)2Don’tdisturbthepapersonmydesk.(弄乱)3Sheopenedthedoorquietlysoasnottodisturbthesleepingchild.(吵醒)4I’msorrytodisturbyoubutcanItalktoyouforamoment(打扰)
13.leavevt.把……留交;交托Youcanleavethecookingtome.你可以把做饭的事交给我Sheleftherassistantinchargeofthepanywhenshewasaway.她出差在外时,委托她的助手来打理公司事务阅读下列各句,注意leave的其它用法与含义TheplaneleavesforDallasat12:
55.(飞往)Somechildrenleaveschoolat
16.(毕业离校)Whydoyoualwaysleaveeverythinguntilthelastmoment(不马上处理)Leavethedooropenplease.(使……处于……)Don’tleaveherwaitingoutsideintherain.(使……处于……)Thedogleftatrailofdestructionbehindit.(留下)Britainisbeingleftbehindintheracefornewmarkets.(把……抛在后面)
14.stagevt.上演;举办;n.ThelocaltheaterisstagingaproductionofHamlet.当地剧团正在上演《哈姆雷特》LondonhasbidtostagethexxOlympicGames.伦敦已申办了xx年的奥运会
15.condemnvt.判处;谴责Hewascondemnedtodeathformurderandlaterhanged.他因凶杀罪被判处死刑后被绞死Shewascondemnedtohangforkillingherhusband.她因杀害亲夫被处以绞刑Weallcondemncrueltytochildren.我们一致谴责虐待儿童的行为Thegovernmentissuedastatementcondemningthekilling.政府发表声明谴责这起凶杀事件
16.breakup解散;结束;放假;粉碎、破碎;垮掉Theirmarriagehasbrokenup.他们的婚姻已经破裂Themeetingbrokeupat11o’clock.会议于11点散的WhendoyoubreakupfortheMayDayholiday你们什么时候放“五一”假?Theshipbrokeupontherocks.船触礁撞碎了Hewasbreakingupundersuchstrain.过度的劳累使他快跨了练习
一、单词拼写
1.Thefireworkslookedverys____________againstthedarksky.
2.Lindaheldadinnertoa_____________herengagementtoMatt.
3.Whenheaskedforherhandinm____________sheinsistedthathesignaprivatecontract.
4.Wearegoingtoh____________anewteacheremployedatourschooltogiveSeniorOnestudentsextralessons.
5.Theresearchersc___________thatitwoulduse25%lessfuelthancurrentaircraftdo.
6.EverySaturdaynightIa_____________withhertowatchboringmovieswhenwewereonthefarm.
7.Allthesmalldetailsofthedesignbeee____________aswellasthemistakes.
8.Nowadaysdataofalldescriptionsiseasilya______________online.
9.Heusedasmallprintingmachinetop___________anewspaper.
10.Thegovernment’ss______________attitudewasablocktofurthertalks.
11.P___________againstblackswasinvisibletomostwhiteAmericansformanyyears.
12.Theyoungb____________willsoonbetakingawife.
二、用所给动词短语的适当形式填空giveupparticipateinatfirstsighttakeonholdupgocrazybreakupbeunwillingtofallinlovegetmarriedsplitupspringup
1.Likeamanfallinginlovewithhissweetheart_____________everythingisright.
2.Howwillmyhouse_____________inanearthquakeCanthegovernmentsendsomeoneouttoevaluatemyproperty
3.Theturningpointofmylifewasmydecisionto_____________apromisingliteraturecareerandbeginabusinesscareerinstead.
4.Thechairmanwasblamedforlettinghissecretary_____________toomuchworklastweek.
5.Hehasinvitedtheallpanions_____________hisweddingparty.
6.Eveniftherewereadesiretoborrowtofinancespendingbanksmight_____________meetit.
7.Thereportclaimsthatwhenwomen_____________theytendtoeatmore.
8.It’sabeautifuldress;thegirlswill_____________overit!
9.Withthedevelopmentofeconomymanylittletowns_____________inthewestofChina.
10.BarryandAnnewerealwaysquarrelingandIfearthattheirmarriageisaboutto__________.
11.Afterdaysbattlingtheroughseatheshipatlast_____________.
12.HalIknowhowanxiousyouareto_____________andstartafamily.
三、用括号内的词/短语完成下列句子
1.即便如此,将会有强大的压力使得奥巴马不违背诺言breakone’spromise
2.一位好老师应该帮助学生发展学习爱好而不是迫使他学习developone’sinterest
3.加利福尼亚人开始要求不再允许中国人进入他们的州demand
4.努力抵抗被其他想法、任务分心resistdoing
5.狮子会LionsClub会员的平均年龄不断上升,但会员数量在逐渐下降gradualdecline
6.她的表演为她赢得了奥斯卡最佳女演员奖earnsb.sth
7.上周日,92岁的薇拉Vera成为史上拥有冠军大碟的最年长的在世歌手(anumberonehit
8.最后那三个节目入选参加25日晚的全校汇演bestaged
9.在有些领域,开始踏入的时候会有连续、快速的工资增长startout
10.她开始从事清洁工作,发展到经营那家公司progress参考答案
一、单词拼写
1.splendid
2.announce
3.marriage
4.have
5.claim
6.acpanied
7.evident
8.accessible
9.publish
10.stubborn
11.Prejudice
12.bachelor
二、用所给动词短语的适当形式填空
1.atfirstsight
2.holdup
3.giveup
4.takeon
5.toparticipatein
6.beunwilling
7.fallinlove
8.gocrazy
9.havesprungup/arespringingup
10.breakup
11.splitup
12.getmarried
三、用括号内的词/短语完成下列句子
1.EvensotherewillbestrongpressuresonMr.Obamanottobreakhispromise.
2.Agoodteachershouldhelpchildrendevelopaninterestinlearninginsteadofmakingthemlearn.
3.CaliforniansbegantodemandthatnomoreChinesebepermittedtoentertheirstate.
4.Trytoresistbeingdistractedbyotherthoughtsandtasks.
5.LionsClubmemberstheaverageagerisingbutagradualdeclineinthenumberofmembers.
6.ThatperformanceearnedheranOscarasBestActress.
7.Veraattheageof92becametheoldestlivingsingertohaveanumberonehitalbumlastSunday.
8.AtlastthethreeperformanceswereselectedtobestagedattheDec.25’sSchoolEveningParty.
9.Inmanyfieldspeoplestartouttheircareerswithconstantrapidsalaryincreases.
10.Shestartedwithacleaningjobandprogressedtorunningthepany.。