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2019-2020年高中英语Unit1Greatscientists单元测试新人教版必修5I.单项选择15分
1.It’sdangeroustogetclosetothebuilding___________.A.underconstructionB.builtC.beenbuiltD.building
2.Thebadweatherwaspartly______forcropfailurethisyear.A.blameB.toblameC.blamingD.tohaveblamed
3._______tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed
4.Thestudentwas____readingthenovelthathedidn’tsensethathisteacherwasjuststandingbesidehim.A.veryabsorbingB.veryabsorbedinC.soabsorbedinD.soabsorbedon
5.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases________onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknown B.havingbeenknownC.tobeknown D.known
6.Itisbelievedthatifabookis________,itwillsurely________thereader.A.interested;interestB.interesting;beinterestedC.interested;beinterestingD.interesting;interest
7.Onlyinthisway_______ourgoals.A.wecanreach B.canwearriveC.wecanarrive D.canwereach
8.Hewantedhishouse________inaway_______natural.A.tobuild;tolookB.build;lookingC.built;tolookD.beingbuilt;looks
9.—CanIhelpyou?—I’dliketohavethepackage________madam.A.weighed B.tobeweighedC.toweigh D.weighing
10._______theinjurestohisfaceandhands,hebrokehisleftleg.A.Beside B.DespiteC.Apartfrom D.Becauseof
11.—Let’sgoshoppingafterschool.—______.Callformeatanytime.A.ThatdependsB.Holdon,pleaseC.WhyD.Soundsgood
12.Usuallychildrenareallowedto___________whentheyaresixyearsold.A.attendschoolB.attendtheschoolC.joinschoolD.jointheschool
13.Hisfailureintheexperimentsuggestedthathe________histeacher’sproperinstructions.A.shouldnothavefollowedB.shouldnotfollowC.mustn’thavefollowedD.hadn’tfollowed
14.Isuggestedthathe_____themanagerbeforehedecided.A.telephonedB.wouldtelephoneC.telephoneD.hadtotelephone
15.YangLiweiwassurroundedbytheaudience________hesteppedoffthestage.A.untilB.throughC.nowthatD.immediatelyII.完形填空30分Asuccessfulscientistisgenerallyagoodobserver.Hemakesfull 16 ofthefactsheobserves. Hedoesn’tacceptideaswhicharenot 17 onobviousfacts,andthereforerefusesto acceptauthority权威astheonly 18 fortruth. Healways 19 ideascarefullyandmakesexperimenttoprovethem.Theriseof 20 sciencemayperhapsbeconsideredto 21 asfarbackasthe 22 ofRogerBacon,thewonderfulphilosopherofOxford,wholived 23 theyears1214and
1292.HewasprobablythefirstintheMiddle 24 tosuggestthatweshouldlearnscience 25 observingandexperimentingonthethingsaroundus,andhehimself 26 manyimportantdiscoveries.Galileo,however,wholivedmorethan300yearslater,wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmen, 27 livedinItaly,France,Germany,orEngland,beganby 28 toshowhowmanyimportant 29 couldbediscoveredbyobservation. BeforeGalileo,learnedmenbelievedthatlargebodiesfellmore 30 towardstheearththansmallones, 31 Aristotlesaidso. ButGalileo,goingtothe 32 oftheLeaningTowerofPisa,letfalltwo 33 stonesandprovedAristotlewaswrong. ItwasGalileo’s 34 ofgoingdirecttoNature,andprovingour 35 andtheoriesbyexperiment,thathasledtoallthediscoveriesofmodernscience.
16.A.use B.time C.speed D.trust
17.A.worked B.based C.lived D.written
18.A.reason B.cause C.advice D.result
19.A.thinks B.checks C.has D.learn
20.A.natural B.physical C.ancient D.modern
21.A.date B.keep C.look D.take
22.A.study B.time C.year D.birth
23.A.both B.each C.between D.among
24.A.Schools B.Ages C.Days D.Countries
25.A.in B.with C.on D.by
26.A.did B.made C.took D.gave
27.A.who B.when C.that D.where
28.A.ways B.degrees C.levels D.chance
29.A.truths B.problems C.people D.subjects
30.A.slowly B.rapidly C.lightly D.heavily
31.A.when B.because C.although D.if
32.A.place B.foot C.top D.ceiling
33.A.big B.small C.equal D.unequal
34.A.spirit B.skill C.theory D.discovery
35.A.plans B.opinions C.world D.abilityIII.阅读理解(40分)第一节从四个选项中选出正确答案AWhateverourdifferencesashumanbeingsareweallthinkwe’remoreliketherestoftheanimalworldthanwerealize.Itissaidthatweshare40percentofourgeneticstructurewiththesimpleworm.ButthatfacthashelpedSirJohnSulstonwinthexxNobelPrizeforMedicine.SirJohnisthefounderoftheSangerInstituteinCambridge,whichwassetupin1992togetfurtherunderstandingofthehumangenome.Tohelpthemdothistheyturnedtotheworm.Thenematode线虫类的wormisoneoftheearliestcreaturesonearth.Itislessthanonemillimeterlogpletelytransparent透明的andspendsitsentirelife-diggingholesthroughsand.Butitstillhaslotstosayabouthumanlife,andwhatcanbedonetomakeitbetter.WhatthewormtoldSirJohnandhiscolleagueswasthateachofthecellsinthehumanbodyisprogrammedlikeaputer. Theygrow,developanddieaccordingtoasetofinstructionsthatarecodedinourgeneticmake-up.Manyofthediseasesthathumanssufferfromhappenwhentheseinstructionsgowrongorarenotobeyed.Whenthecellrefusestodiebutcarriesongrowinginstead,thisleadstocancer. HeartattacksanddiseaseslikeAIDScausemorecelldeathsthannormalincreasingthedamagetheydotothebody.SirJohnwasthefirstscientisttoprovetheexistenceofprogrammedcelldeath.
36.SirJohnSulstongotaNobelPrizeforMedicinebecausehehas______.A.foundthathumanbeingsaresimilartothewormB.gotthefactweshare40percentofourgeneticstructurewiththesimplewormC.foundtheputerwhichcontrolseachofthecellsinthehumanbodyD.provedthatcelldeathisprogrammed
37.Peoplemightbeseriouslyillifthecellsintheirbody_______.A.growwithoutbeinginstructedB.dieregularlyC.failtofollowpeople’sinstructionsD.developinthehumanbody
38.Theunderlinedword“they”refersto“________”.A.celldeaths B.diseasesC.instructions D.cells
39.Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?A.Thetheoryofprogrammedcelldeaths.B.Agreatscientist—SirJohnSulston.C.Theprogrammedhumanlife.D.Thegeneticstructure.BWhatmakesapersonascientist?Doeshehavewaysortoolsoflearningthataredifferentfromthoseofothers?Theansweris“no”.Itisn’tthetoolsascientistusesbuthowheusesthesetoolswhichmakehimascientist.Youwillprobablyagreethatknowinghowtouseapowerisimportanttoacarpenter木匠.Youwillprobablyagree,too,thatknowinghowtoinvestigate调查,howtodiscoverinformation,isimportanttoeveryone.Thescientist,however,goesonestepfurther;hemustbesurethathehasareasonableanswertohisquestionsandthathisanswerhegetstomanyquestionsisintoalargesetofideasabouthowtheworldworks.Thescientist’sknowledgemustbeexact.There’snoroomforhalfrightorrightjusthalfthetime.Hemustbeasnearlyrightastheconditionspermit.Whatworksunderonesetofconditionsatonetimemustworkunderthesameconditionsatothertimes.Iftheconditionsaredifferent,anychangesthescientistobservesinademonstration实证mustbeexplainedbythechangesintheconditions.Thisisonereasonwhyinvestigationsareimportantinscience.AlbertEinstein,whodevelopedtheTheoryofRelativityarrivedatthistheorythroughmathematics.Theaccuracy正确性ofhismathematicswaslatertestedthroughinvestigation.Einstein’sideaswereprovedtobecorrect.Ascientistusesmanytoolsformeasurements.Thenthemeasurementsareusedtomakemathematicalcalculations计算thatmaytesthisinvestigations.
40.Whatmakesascientistaccordingtothepassage?A.Thetoolsheuses.B.Hiswaysoflearning.C.Thewayheuseshistools.D.Thevarioustoolsheuses.
41.“...knowinghowtoinvestigate,howtodiscoverinformation,isimportanttoeveryone.”Thewritersaysthistoshow_______.A.theimportanceofinformationB.thedifferencebetweenscientistsandordinarypeopleC.theimportanceofthinkingD.thedifferencebetweencarpentersandordinarypeople
42.Asoundscientifictheoryshouldbeonethat_______.A.worksunderonesetofconditionsatonetimeandalsoworksunderthesameconditionsatothertimesB.doesn’tallowanychangeevenunderdifferentconditionsC.worksunderonesetofconditionsandcan’tworkunderthesameconditionsatothertimesD.canbeusedformanypurposes
43.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Scientistsaredifferentfromordinarypeople.B.TheTheoryofRelativity.C.Exactnessisthecore核心ofscience.D.Exactnessandwayofusingtoolsarethekeystomakingofascientist.CAlbertEinsteinwasprobablythemostfamousscientistofthetwentiethcentury.Hechangedscientificthinkinginthemodernworld.Heisgenerallyconsideredasthegreatestphysicistwhoeverlived.What’smorehedevotedalotofhistimeandenergytoworkingforhumanrightsandprogress.In1933whileEinsteinwasvisitingEnglandandtheUnitedStatestheNazigovernmentofGermanytookallhisthingsawayincludinghispositionandhiscitizenship.EinsteinthensettleddownintheUnitedStates.In1939Einsteinwholovedpeace—afraidofaworldinwhichonlyHitlerwouldhadanatomicbomb(原子弹)—triedhardtopersuadePresidentFranklinD.RooseveltinafamouslettertohavetheUnitedStatesstarturaniumresearch.ThatGermanyafterallhadnobombandthatthefirstbombwouldfallonJapancouldnothavebeenexpected.AfterthewarEinsteinneverstoppedworkingforpeaceandreducingthenumberofsoldiersintheworld.Althoughhewasn’tconnectedwithanyacceptedreligion(宗教)EinsteinfeltthattrustinapersonalGodwastoospecialanideatobesuitabletotheGodatworkinthisuniversebutheneverbelievedthattheuniversewasoneofchanceordisorder.Theuniversetohimwasoneofpurelawandorder.Heoncesaid“Godmayknoweverythingbutheisnothateful.”
44.Fromthepassageweknowthat.A.noscientistisasgreatasAlbertEinsteinduringthiscenturyB.AlbertEinsteinwaslikelytobethegreatestscientistofhistimeC.AlbertEinsteinmadethefirstatomicbombfortheUnitedStatesofAmericaD.AlbertEinsteingaveuphisGermancitizenshipforpoliticalreasons
45.IfEinsteinhadknownthatHitlerhadnoatomicbombandthatthefirstatomicbombwouldfallonJapanhewould.A.havecontinuedhisscientificresearchB.havewonanotherNobelPrizeforphysicsC.nothaveadvisedstartinguraniumresearchintheU.S.A.D.nothavemovedtotheU.S.A.
46.Einsteinin
1933.A.visitedEnglandandtheU.S.A.B.losteverythingC.becameamanwithoutacountryD.bothAandC
47.Einsteinbelievedthateverythingintheuniverse.A.waskeptinorderbyitsownlawB.hadnothingtodowitheachotherC.happenedinanirregularwayD.wasmadebythepersonalGodD“That’sfunny!Thesefellowsinthemiddleoftheplatehavedied.”DrAlexanderFlemingwastalkingtoanotherdoctorinalaboratoryinLondon.Hehadbeenstudyingsomegerms(细菌)thathewasgrowingonaplate.Theywereverydangerousgermsbecausetheycauseddifferentkindsofillnessesthatcouldkillpeople.DrFlemingfoundthatamould(霉菌)hadfloatedinthroughthewindowlandingontheplate.Ithadkilledsomeofthegermsithadtouched.“Thiscertainlylookspromising.”Flemingsaid.“Wemustgrowsomeofthismouldtoseeifitwillkillothergerms.”Henamedthestrangemould“penicillin”.Itprovedtobeakillerofmanygerms.Fiftymiceweregivendeadlygermsandthenhalfofthemwereinjected(注射)withpenicillin.Thetwenty-fiveuntreatedmicediedbuttwenty-fourofthoselivedthathadbeentreatedwithpenicillin.DrFlemingwroteareportaboutwhathehadfoundout.Hardlyanybodytookanynoticeofit.In1938DrHowardFloreyanAustralianworkinginLondonreadDrFleming’sreportandwasveryinterested.Hefoundthatpenicillinwaseffectiveintreatingbloodpoisoninginhumanbeings.WhenWorldWarIIbrokeoutitwasnotpossibletomakeenoughpenicillininEngland.DrFloreywenttoAmericawherehehelpedtohaveenormousamountsofthiswonderfuldrugmade.Itsavedthelivesofthousandsofsoldierssailorsandairmenwhowouldhavediedfromtheirwoundsifthehospitalshadnothadpenicillin.
48.DrAlexanderFleming.A.hadbeenstudyingamouldwhichwasverydangerousandcouldkillpeopleB.hadbeenstudyingsomeofthegermsonaplatewhichcouldcureillnessesC.hadbeenmakingexperimentsonsomegermsthathewasgrowingonaplateD.hadbeenmakingexperimentsondifferentgermsthatcouldhelpsickpeopletogetbetter
49.Someofthegermsontheplate.A.hadbeenkilledbyamouldfloatinginthroughthewindowB.hadbeenkillingoneanotherwhichwasasurprisetoFlemingC.hadbeenkilledbyamouldthathadbeengrownbyDrAlexanderFlemingD.hadbeenkilledbyamouldfoundbyanotherdoctor
50.Thereasonwhythetwenty-fivemicediedwasthat.A.theyhadbeengivendeadlygermsandhadbeeninjectedwithpenicillinB.theywerealmostdeadaheadoftheexperimentC.theywereeasytodieintheexperimentD.theyhadbeengivendeadlygermsandhadnotbeeninjectedwithpenicillin
51.In1938anAustralianworkinginLondonnamedHowardFloreyreadDrFleming’sreportand.A.leftEnglandforAmericamakingthedrugB.wenttoAmericatosavethelivesofthousandsofsoldierssailorsandairmenC.foundpenicillineffectiveintreatingbloodpoisoninginhumanbeingsD.wenttoAmericatomakethisdrugformice
52.Theword“enormous”means.A.剩余的B.恰当的C.少许的D.巨大的DLouisPasteurthefamousFrenchchemistandbacteriologistinvented“pasteurization”.In1854PasteurwasmadeheadofthedepartmentofscienceattheUniversityofLilleanditwastherethathemadeoneofhismostfamousdiscoveries.Lillewasamajorcenterforwineandbeer-makingandsomeofthelocalwine-makersaskedPasteurifhecouldhelpsolvetheproblemofkeepingwinefresh.Atthattimeitwasbelievedthatfoodanddrinksgo“bad”duetoapurelychemicalprocess变化过程.ButduringaseriesofexperimentsPasteurprovedthattinylivingorganisms微生物causedfoodanddrinkstogobad.Inthecaseofwineandbeertheorganismsarealreadypresentintheformofthevariousyeasts酵母thatcausedthefermentation发酵process.Pasteurdiscoveredthatheatingthewinegentlyforafewminutesafterithadfermentedwouldkillofftheyeastthatwasleftinthewinewiththeresultthatthewinewouldremainfreshformuchlonger.Healsoprovedthatfoodanddrinkscouldbeturnedbadbyotherorganismsthatwerepresentintheairandthattheytoowouldkeepfreshmuchlongeriftheywerekeptinairtightcontainers.TheheatingprocesswassosuccessfulthatitmadePasteurfamous.Itwasnamed“pasteurization”inhishonourandbyabout1900ithadbeenwidelyusedforprocessingandbottlingcows’milk.Theresultwasahugedropinthenumberofbottle-fedbabiesdyingfrominfantdiarrhea婴儿腹泻andfromthattimeonithasbeenastandardtreatmentformilkandmanyotherfoodproducts.Thissimpleprocesshassavedthousandspossiblymillionsoflivesworldwide.
53.Pasteurbecamein
1854.A.thechairpersonofthesciencedepartmentattheUniversityofLilleB.thedirectorofachemicallaboratoryattheUniversityofLilleC.thegeneralmanagerofalargebeer-makingpanyD.thepresidentoftheUniversityofLille
54.AccordingtothepassageLillewasamajorcenterforinthemid-19thcentury.A.growinggraincropsB.makingbeerandwineC.doingchemicalresearchD.producingvariouskindsofyeasts
55.Inthelastsentenceofparagraph1theunderlinedword“they”refersto.A.wineandbeerB.foodanddrinksC.thevariousyeastsD.otherorganismsIV.短文改错(满分10分)下面短文中共有10处错误,每句中最多两处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改增加在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧),并在此符号下面写出该加的词删除把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉修改在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词注意1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分Inmyvillagealotofchildrenwereleavingschoolfor
1.____________variousreason.Somefamiliesaretoopoortosendtheirchildren
2.___________toschoolandtheyhavetoearnmoneytosupporttheirfamilies.
3.____________Manyparentsthinkitusefultosendtheirchildrentoschool.
4.____________Theywouldratherlettheirchildrentostayathome.
5.___________Ifeelworriedaboutthis.Ithinkeverychildshouldhavea
6.___________chancetogotoschool.Weshouldpaymanyattentiontothe
7.___________educationofchildrenforwewillplayanimportantpartin
8.___________oursocialistconstructioninthefuture.Waysmustbefound
9.___________preventchildrenfromleaveofftheirstudies.
10.____________V.书面表达(25分)随着人们生活水平的提高,越来越多的人拥有了自己的汽车,你班同学就此展开了一次讨论,提出两种不同的观点和看法请你根据所提供的信息给报社写一封信,客观介绍这两种看法赞同者认为
1.方便、快捷、舒适的交通工具;
2.反映出国民生活条件提高,国家富强;
3.带动其他行业发展反对者认为
1.废气污染严重;
2.过多则影响交通,导致更多事故;
3.停车问题日益突出注意
1.信的开头已给出;
2.词数100左右;
3.参考词汇方便的convenient;交通transportationDeareditor,Imwritingtotellyouaboutthediscussionwerecentlyhadaboutwhetheritisgoodornotforfamiliestoowncars.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________YourstrulyLiHua附加题I.单词拼写10分
56.Somethingiswrongwiththee__________ofthecar.Itcan’tstart.
57.MarieCuriewasthediscovererofr_________.
58.Accordingtothet________ofrelativity相对论nothingcantravelfasterthanlight.59AfterallhismathematicalcalculationsCopernicusdrewac__________thattheearthwasnotthecenterofthesolarsystem.
60.I__________she’dgoneIrememberedhername.
61.IntheAnti-JapaneseWartheChinese___________打败theJapaneseinvaders.
62.Shallhe________参加themeetingtobeheldtomorrow
63.Workonthenewrailwaywillbe___________完成attheendofnextyear.
64.Ournewofficesarestillunder____________建设.
65.Theyhavefoundsomeevidencesthatare__________联系tothismurder.II.阅读理解(10分)SusanSontag1933—xxwasoneofthemostnoticeablefiguresintheworldofliterature.Formorethan40yearsshemadeitmorallynecessarytoknoweverything—toreadeverybookworthreadingtoseeeverymovieworthseeing.Whenshewasstillinherearly30spublishingessaysinsuchimportantmagazinesasPartisanReviewsheappearedasthesymbolofAmericanculturelifetryinghardtofolloweverynewdevelopmentinliteraturefilmandart.Withgreateffortandseriousjudgment.Sontagwalkedatthelatestedgesofworldculture. SeriousnesswasoneofSontag’slifelongwatchwords格言butatatimewhenthebarriersbetweenthewell-educatedandthepoor-educatedwereobviousshearguedforatrueopennesstothepleasuresofpopculture.In“NotesonCamp”the1964essaythatfirstmadehernamesheexplainedwhatwasthenalittle-knownsetofdifficultunderstandings throughwhichshecouldnothavebeenmorefamous.“NotesonCamp”shewroterepresents“avictoryof‘form’over‘content’‘beauty’over‘morals’”. Byconviction(信念)shewasasensualist(感觉论者)butbynatureshewasamoralist(伦理学者)andintheworksshepublishedinthe1970sand1980sitwasthelattersideofherthatcameforward.InIllnessasMetaphor—publishedin1978aftershesufferedcancer—shearguedagainsttheideathatcancerwassomehowaspecialproblemofrepressedpersonalities(被压抑的性格)aconceptthateffectivelyblamedthevictimforthedisease.Infactre-examiningoldpositionswasherlifelonghabit. InAmericaherstoryofa19th centuryPolishactresswhosetupaperfectsocietyinCaliforniawontheNationalBookAwardinxx.Butitwasasatirelessall-purposeculturalviewthatshemadeherlastingfame.“Sometimes”sheoncesaid“IfeelthatintheendallIamreallydefending…istheideaofseriousnessoftrueseriousness.”Andintheendshemadeustakeitseriouslytoo.
66.Theunderlinedsentenceinparagraph1meansSontag_________.A.wasasymbolofAmericanculturallifeB.developedworldliteraturefilmandartC.publishedmanyessaysaboutworldcultureD.keptpacewiththenewestdevelopmentofworldculture
67.Shefirstwonhernamethrough___________.A. herstoryofaPolishactressB. herbookIllnessasMetaphorC. publishingessaysinmagazineslikepartisanReviewD.herexplanationofasetofdifficultunderstandings
68.AccordingtothepassageSusanSontag__________.A. wasasensualistaswellasamoralistB. lookeddownuponthepopcultureC. thoughtcontentwasmoreimportantthanformD. blamedthevictimofcancerforbeingrepressed
69.AsforSusanSontag’slifelonghabitshe__________.A. misunderstoodtheideaofseriousnessB. re-examinedoldpositionsC. arguedforanopennesstopopcultureD. preferredmoralstobeauty
70.SusanSontag’slastingfamewasmadeupon___________-.A.atirelessall-purposeculturalviewB.herlifelongwatchword seriousnessC.publishingbooksonmoralsD.enjoyingbooksworthreadingandmoviesworthseeing单元测试Unit1GreatScientistsI.单项选择
1.A.考查短语搭配underconstruction正在建设中
2.B.考查动词用法sb.betoblame某人应受责备
3.C.考查非谓语动词句子缺主语,且表被动,因此用动名词的被动语态做主语句意为在太阳光下暴露太长时间对皮肤有害
4.C.考查固定搭配beabsorbedindoing专心做某事
5.D.考查非谓语动词句意为:“不要用那些只有专业人士才认识的单词、词组或短语”words,expressions,orphrases应是被知道,因此,应用过去分词known作后置定语表被动
6.D.考查interest的用法第一空表“有趣的”,作表语,说明主语的性质特点,应填形容词interesting;第二空缺谓语,应填动词interest
7.D.考查倒装结构only放在句首,句子要倒装;reachonesgoals意为“达到目标”
8.C.考查非谓语动词built作宾语补足语,tolooknatural作away的定语
9.A.考查非谓语动词句型havesth.done其中weighed作宾语补足语,该句意为“我想把我的行李称一下,夫人”
10.C.考查词义辨析apartfrom意为“除了”,符合题意另外也可用besides
11.D.考查交际用语从callformeatanytime可知,已经同意放学后去买东西因此表示同意前者的观点soundsgood意为“听起来不错”,符合题意
12.A.考查短语搭配attendschool固定搭配上学
13.D.考查suggest的用法suggest在此句中意为表明,从句不用虚拟语气
14.C.考查suggest的用法suggest意为建议,后接的从句虚拟语气,should可省略
15.D.考查状语从句Immediately在本句中为连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”II.完形填空
16.A.makefulluseof为固定短语,意为“充分利用”这里指充分采用他所观察的事实
17.B.bebasedon意思为“以……为根据”这里指以明显的事实为依据
18.A.这里表述的是他不认为权威就是真理的理由cause强调的是“根源”,reason强调的是“理由”
19.B.根据后面的内容,可以推知他总是仔细审核观点并做试验来验证
20.D.从此句后半部分以及本文最后一句可以知道应该是指现代科学
21.A.datebackto...为固定短语,意思是“追溯到……时间”符合题意
22.B.此处time意思是“时代、时期”
23.C.根据句意,此处指的是生活在1214年和1292年之间,而不是生活在这两年,故答案应该选C
24.B.此处theMiddleAges是指“中世纪”,age意思是“时代、时期”
25.D.此处句意为“我们必须通过对我们周围的事情进行观察和做实验来学科学”另外,on和by都有“靠、凭借”的意思,但是on后常常接名词或代词;by后接动名词
26.B.makeadiscovery为固定短语,意思是“发现”在此符合题意
27.A.此处who引导一个定语从句,who指代前面的thegreatestofseveralgreatmen
28.B.此处bydegrees为一个固定短语,相当于gradually,意思是“渐渐地、逐渐地”在此符合题意
29.A.根据语境,此处是指通过观察、实验来发现真理truth,而不是问题
30.B.此处讲述的是在伽利略之前的所谓有学问的科学家的观点,而这种想法后来被伽利略证明是错误的
31.B.这里所说的“largebodiesfellmorerapidlytowardstheearththansmallones”的观点,其实是指当时亚里斯多德的观点,当时人们都把他当作权威
32.C.此处指这一试验是在比萨斜塔的顶上进行的,因此答案应该填C项
33.D.根据上文所说的,人们相信大物体总比小物体下落快为了做实验来验证亚里斯多德的这一观点,伽利略到比萨斜塔的顶上同时放下两个体积不等的石块
34.A.从上文可以看出,这就是伽利略直接走向大自然的精神,也正是由于伽利略这一深入事物本质,并通过实验证明观点和理论的精神引领了所有现代科学的发现此处spirit意思是“精神”
35.B.此处opinion意思是“观点”伽利略证明我们的观点和理论的精神引领了所有现代科学的发现III.阅读理解
36.D.细节理解题根据文章第一段最后一句和第二段第一句可以判断出D项符合题意
37.A.细节理解题根据最后一段第一句“Manyofthediseasesthathumanssufferfromhappenwhentheseinstructionsgowrongorarenotobeyed.”可以得出只有A项符合题意
38.B.代词指代题根据最后一段倒数第二句“HeartattacksanddiseaseslikeAIDScausemorecelldeathsthannormal,increasingthedamagetheydotothebody.”理解可判断出they指代的是前面的diseases
39.A.主旨大意题根据文章最后一段最后一句“SirJohnwasthefirstscientisttoprovetheexistenceofprogrammedcelldeath.”可以推知此答案
40.C.事实细节题由第一段“Itisnt...but howheuses...scientist”可知答案选C
41.C.猜测句意题第一段“...knowinghowtoinvestigate...”强调知道怎样去调查,去获取信息,即一种思考的过程,暗示思维的重要性
42.A.细节理解题由第二段“Whatworks...times”可知
43.D.主旨大意题文章第一段主要讲述合理利用工具的重要性,第二段主要说明准确的重要性故选D项
44.B.细节判断题文中指出,爱因斯坦有可能是20世纪最伟大的科学家,即是他那个时代最杰出的科学家
45.C.推理判断题爱因斯坦热爱和平,当时制造第一枚原子弹的目的是为了打击纳粹,维护世界和平,让人民生活在和平、稳定的环境中由此得知,假如他知道了题中的事实,他决不会议搞核试验研究
46.D.事实细节题根据第二段第一句可知
47.A.事实细节题根据最后一段butheneverbelievedthattheuniversewasoneofchanceordisorder.Theuniversetohimwasoneofpurelawandorder.可知爱因斯坦坚信宇宙有其自己的规律,宇宙中的万物是按宇宙本身的法则组合在一起的
48.C.事实细节题从文章第一段第二句可以得知
49.A.细节理解题根据第一段最后两句DrFlemingfoundthatamould(霉菌)hadfloatedinthroughthewindowlandingontheplate.Ithadkilledsomeofthegermsithadtouched.可知
50.D.细节理解题根据第三段可知,实验中死亡的25只小鼠被注射了毒菌而没注射盘尼西林Penicillin,青霉素可以杀菌,因而注射了青霉素的小鼠得以存活,余下的死亡
51.D.细节理解题由最后两段可知
52.C.猜测词义题根据上下文,二战时青霉素供给不足,因此DrFlorey去了美国来帮助制造这种药,这种药数量应该是“巨大的,多的”后文也证实,这些药救了成千上万人的性命
53.A.细节理解题从“In1854PasteurwasmadeheadofthedepartmentofscienceattheUniversityofLille”一句可知答案
54.B.事实细节题从第一段中的“Lillewasamajorcenterforwineandbeer-makingandsomeofthelocalwine-makersaskedRasteurifhecouldhelpsolvetheproblemofkeepingwinefresh”一句可知答案
55.B.代词指代题从第一段最后一句话可知they指的是食物和酒IV.短文改错
1.were—are
2.reason---reasons
3.正确
4.useful---useless/don’t
5.to
6.a---the
7.many---more
8.we---they
9.found—foundto
10.leave---leavingV.书面表达Onepossibleversion:DeareditorI’mwritingtotellyouaboutthediscussionwerecentlyhadaboutwhetheritisgoodornotforfamiliestoowncars.Withthedevelopmentofpeople’slivingconditionsmoreandmorepeoplehavetheirowncars.Someofusthinkitgoodtoownacar.Firstlyit’saconvenientfastandfortablemeansoftransportationtool.Youcangotoalotofplacesatanytime.Secondlyitshowsthatpeoplearebeingricherandthecountrystronger.Italsomakesbusinessesandindustriesdevelopfaster.Othershavedifferentopinions.Theythinkthatcarsgiveoffwastegasandpollutetheenvironment.Toomanycarswillhavesomebadeffectssuchasmoreaccidents.Besidesparkingcarsisanotherbigproblem.Maybepeopleshouldthinkcarefullybeforetheybuyacar.YourstrulyLiHua附加题I单词拼写
56.engine
57.radium
58.theory
59.conclusion
60.Immediately
61.defeated
62.attend
63.plete/pleted
64.construction
65.linkedII.阅读理解71.D.猜测词义题从句子本意是“Sontag走在世界文学最晚的边界”,从时间上来讲,“最晚的发生的”意思是“最新的发生的”;而且的一段前面也讲到Sontag努力跟上文学、电影和艺术的新发展因此,本句含义是“Sontag跟上世界文学最新发展的步伐”72.D.推理判断题第二段讲到,NotesonCamp使他首次成名,而答案中没有这本文章的名字再看这句话,讲到在NotesonCamp这篇文章的里,她解释了“alittle-knownsetofdifficultunderstandings”73.A.细节理解题第三段第一句Byconventionshewasasensualistbutbynatureshewasamoralist,可知她既是感觉论者,又是伦理学者,因此选A74.B.推理判断题本题问的是Sontag的终生习惯,从第三段最后一句re-examiningoldpositionswasherlifelonghabit可以判断,她的终生习惯是“re-examineoldpositions”75.A.推理判断题本题问的是Sontag持久的名声,从最后一段第二句Butitwasatirelessall-purposeculturalviewthatshemadeherlastingfame.可知选A。