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2019-2020年高考英语二轮专题复习精练阅读理解
(3)[xx·课标全国卷Ⅰ]Ithappenedtomerecently.IwastellingsomeonehowmuchIhadenjoyedreadingBarackObamasDreamsFromMyFatherandhowithadchangedmyviewsofourPresident.AfriendIwastalkingtoagreedwithmethatitwasinhiswords“abrilliantly精彩地writtenbook”.HoweverhethenwentontotalkaboutMr.Obamainawaywhichsuggestedhehadnoideaofhisbackgroundatall.IsensedthatIwastalkingtoabookliar.Anditseemsthatmyfriendisnottheonlyone.Approximatelytwothirdsofpeoplehaveliedaboutreadingabookwhichtheyhavent.IntheWorldBookDays“ReportonGuiltySecrets”,DreamsFromMyFatherisatnumber
9.ThereportliststenbooksandvariousauthorswhichpeoplehaveliedaboutreadingandasImnotonetolietoooftenIdhatetobecaughtoutIlladmithereandnowthatIhaventreadtheentiretopten.ButIampleasedtosaythatunlike42percentofpeopleIhavereadthebookatnumberoneGeorgeOrwells
1984.Ithinkitsreallybrilliant.TheWorldBookDayreportalsohassomeotherinterestinginformationinit.ItsaysthatmanypeoplelieabouthavingreadJaneAustenCharlesDickensFyodorDostoevskyIhaventreadhimbuthaventliedaboutiteitherandHermanMelville.Askedwhytheyliedthemostmonreasonwasto“impress”someonetheywerespeakingto.Thiscouldbetrickyiftheconversationbecamemoreindepth!ButwhenaskedwhichauthorstheyactuallyenjoypeoplenamedJ.K.RowlingJohnGrishamSophieKinsellaahthebigsellersinotherwords.FortytwopercentofpeopleaskedadmittedtheyturnedtothebackofthebooktoreadtheendbeforefinishingthestoryIlleclean:Idothisandamastonishedthat58percentsaidtheyhadneverdoneso.1.HowdidtheauthorfindhisfriendabookliarA.Byjudginghismannerofspeaking.B.Bylookingintohisbackground.C.Bymentioningafamousname.D.Bydiscussingthebookitself.2.Whichofthefollowingisa“guiltysecret”accordingtotheWorldBookDayreportA.CharlesDickensisverylowonthetoptenlist.B.42%ofpeoplepretendedtohaveread
1984.C.Theauthoradmittedhavingread9books.D.DreamsFromMyFatherishardlyread.3.Bylyingaboutreadingapersonhopesto________.A.controltheconversationB.appearknowledgeableC.learnaboutthebookD.makemorefriends4.Whatistheauthorsattitudeto58%ofreadersA.Favorable.B.Uncaring.C.Doubtful.D.Friendly.[文章大意] 世界读书日的一个调查报告表明有些人撒谎说他们读过某本书,其实他们根本没有读他们撒谎主要是想给别人留下深刻的印象1.D考查细节理解根据第一段的倒数第二句可知,作者与朋友进一步交流对奥巴马所写的书的看法根据朋友所说的话,作者断定他根本没有读过这本书2.B考查细节理解根据第二段的倒数第二句并结合上文“Thereportliststenbooksandvariousauthorswhichpeoplehaveliedaboutreading”可知,42%的人撒谎说读过《1984》这本书3.B考查推理判断根据文章第四段的第一句可知,撒谎说读过某本书的人是为了给别人留下深刻的印象,由此可推知B项正确4.C考查态度推断根据文章第五段中的“amastonishedthat58percentsaidtheyhadneverdoneso”可知,作者对58%的人说的话感到吃惊,即他对这些话的真实性表示怀疑B[xx·吉林省长春市高中毕业班调研考试]Momanddadaretwoofthemostimportantpeopleinyourlife.Andtheyrelikelytoinfluenceyoumorethananyoneelse.Itsparentsjobtoloveandguidekids—andmostparentswilldothisaslongastheyliveevenwhenthe“kids”aregrownupsandhavechildrenoftheirown.Thatmeansyouhavemanyyearsaheadtosharewithyourmomanddad.SohowtogetalongwithparentsSpendtimetogether.WhenathomeaskyourmomanddadtoplaywithyouinsteadofplayingaputergameorwatchingTV.Gooutsidetogethertryaboardgameorreadabookoutloud.Shareyourfeelingsandaskforhelp.Manykidssaytheydliketheirparentstohelpthemwhentheyreupset.Butyourmomordadmightnotknowthatyourehavingaproblem.Tellaparentifyouresadorstrugglingwithsomething.Bekind.Littlethingsmightmeanalottoyourmomordad.Youcanbrightenaparentsdaywithahug,acardorajoke.Itsalsolovelywhenakidofferstohelpfoldthelaundryorcleansuphisorherroomwithoutbeingasked.________.Somefamiliesarealwayskissingandhuggiing,andsaying“Iloveyou”,whileotherfamiliesmaynotdolikethat.Butitsimportanttoshowthatyoucareforeachother.Inadditiontokissesandhugskidsandparentsshowtheirlovebyrespectingeachotherandbeingpoliteandthoughtful.Doyourbestatwhateveryoudo.Youdonthavetobeperfectbutwhenyoudoyourbestyoumakeyourparentsproud.Itmakesthemhappytoseehowyoureturningintosuchagreatkid.
5.Thewriterwrotethispassage________.A.toaskparentstohelptheirkidswhentheyareupsetB.toshowtheimportanceofbuildingagoodrelationshipbetweenkidsandparentsC.togivekidsadviceonhowtobuildacloserelationshipwithparentsD.toadviseparentstopayattentiontotheirwordsanddeeds
6.Ifyouwanttomakeyourparentsproudyoushould________.A.dowhateveryourparentsaskyoutodoB.respectyourparentsbyshowingyourloveandcareC.spendasmuchtimeaspossibletogetherwiththemD.tryyourbesttodowhateveryoudo7.WhichcanbefilledintotheblankinParagraph5A.ShowyourrespectB.ShowyourconcernC.GiveahandD.Shareyourexperiences
8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassageA.Yourparentsmayinfluenceyoumorethananyoneelse.B.PlaywithparentswhenathomeratherthanplayputergamesorwatchTV.C.Kidsareunwillingtosharetheirfeelingswithparents.D.Littlethingssuchasahugcanmakeyourparentshappy.[文章大意] 本文为说明文父母是我们一生中对我们影响最大的人,我们要和父母共度很长的时间,那么如何和父母建立亲近的关系呢?作者就如何与父母相处给出了一些建议5.C考查写作意图根据第一段中的“Sohowtogetalongwithparents?”可知,作者写作的意图是给我们一些与父母相处的建议6.D考查细节理解根据最后一段的内容可知,D项正确7.B考查段落大意本条建议的中心内容是“itsimportanttoshowthatyoucareforeachother”,也是本段的主旨8.C考查细节判断根据第三段中的“Manykidssaytheydliketheirparentstohelpthemwhentheyreupset”可知,答案为CC[xx·河南省郑州市高中毕业班质量预测]Threepeoplewhoreceivedakidneyheartandliverfromadonorwhohadrabies狂犬病appeartobeingoodhealthdespitegoingmonthswithouttreatmentfortheinfectionaccordingtoanewreport.InMarchhealthofficialsreportedthatonemanhaddiedfromakidneytransplantbecausethekidneycamefromadonorinfectedwithrabies.Noneofthepatientshadsignsofrabiesinfectioneventhough18monthshadpassedsincetheirtransplants.Beforethesecasesresearchersthoughtthatrabiestransmissionaftertransplantationwouldberapidoccurringwithinsixweeks.Peoplewhoreceivetransplantstypicallytakedrugstosuppress抑制theirimmunesystemsmakinginfectionsevenmorelikely.Thethreepatientsreceivedrabiestreatmentandstillshownosignsofillness.Itspossiblethatthetypeofrabiesvirusthatinfectedthesepatientstakesalongertimetomakepeoplesicktheresearcherssaid.Patientsmayalsohavebeenexposedtoalowdoseofthevirus.Thereportraisesquestionsabouthowrabiesvirusesspreadaftertransplantation,andwheretheyliveinthebodywhentheinfectionisnotactivesaidtheresearchersfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Becauserabiesinfectionsaresorarescreeningallorgandonorsforrabiesinfectionsisnotpracticaltheresearcherssaid.Howeverdoctorsshoulddevelopaplantohelpthemrecognizeinfectiousencephalitis—abraininfectionthatcanbecausedbyrabies—indonors.Organsfromdonorswithinfectiousencephalitisshouldonlybeusedinextremecircumstancestheresearcherssaid.Thedonorinthiscasefrequentlyengagedinhuntingandanimaltrappingandhadgotmanybitesfromaraccoon浣熊beforehisdeath.Althoughthedonorsfamilywasaskedwhetherthedonorhadbeenexposedtorabid患狂犬病的animalstheysaidhehadnot.Morespecificquestionsaboutriskforexposuretorabidanimals—questionssuchas:whetheradonorspentalotoftimeinteractingwithwildlife-maybeamoreeffectivewaytoscreenorgandonorstheresearcherssaid.1.Beforethecasesinthepassageitwasgenerallybelievedthat________.A.therewasagreatriskinreceivingorgantransplantB.rabiestransmissionspreadfastaftertransplantationC.theorganrecipientwouldhavetotakealotofdrugsD.theimmunesystemwaseasilyinfectedaftertransplantation2.Afterthethreepatientswerecontacted________.A.theyshowedsignsofbeinginfectedwithrabiesB.theyfeltincrediblyscaredandembarrassedC.theyreceivedsomerelatedphysicalexaminationD.theygottreatedforrabiesfromorgantransplant3.WhatdoesthefourthparagraphimplyA.Itisquiteeasytofindrabiesinfectionsindonors.B.Peoplewithencephalitisaresafedonors.C.Donorswithencephalitisshouldbeavoidedinanycase.D.Organdonorsshouldbeinastateofgoodhealth.[文章大意] 美国一名患狂犬病的男子死后将器官捐赠给3个病人,至今他们仍未显现任何被传染的迹象但近期却有一个病人死于狂犬病人的器官捐赠,对此研究人员进行了调查1.B细节理解题根据文章第二段的第二句可知,在这种情况发生之前,研究人员认为,器官移植后狂犬病病毒会加速传播故选B项2.C推理判断题根据文章第三段中的“Thethreepatientsreceivedrabiestreatment,andstillshownosignsofillness.”可知,相关人员找到这三位受捐者后,给他们做了身体检查故选C项3.C推理判断题根据文章第四段的最后一句可知,患有传染性脑炎的病人的供体器官可用于极端情况中故选C项D[xx·辽宁高考]Hereisanastonishingandsignificantfact:Mentalworkalonecantmakeustired.Itsoundsabsurd.Butafewyearsagoscientiststriedtofindouthowlongthehumanbraincouldlaborwithoutreachingastageoffatigue疲劳.Totheamazementofthesescientiststheydiscoveredthatbloodpassingthroughthebrainwhenitisactiveshowsnofatigueatall!Ifwetookadropofbloodfromadaylaborerwewouldfinditfulloffatiguetoxins毒素andfatigueproducts.ButifwetookbloodfromthebrainofanAlbertEinsteinitwouldshownofatiguetoxinsattheendoftheday.Sofarasthebrainisconcerneditcanworkaswellandswiftlyattheendofeightoreventwelvehoursofeffortasatthebeginning.Thebrainistotallytireless.SowhatmakesustiredSomescientistsdeclarethatmostofourfatigueesfromourmentalandemotional情感的attitudes.OneofEnglandsmostoutstandingscientistsJ.A.Hadfieldsays“Thegreaterpartofthefatiguefromwhichwesufferisofmentalorigin.Infactfatigueofpurelyphysicaloriginisrare.”Dr.BrillafamousAmericanscientistgoesevenfurther.Hedeclares“Onehundredpercentofthefatigueofasittingworkeringoodhealthisduetoemotionalproblems.”WhatkindsofemotionsmakesittingworkerstiredJoySatisfactionNo!Afeelingofbeingboredangeranxietytensenessworryafeelingofnotbeingappreciated-thosearetheemotionsthattiresittingworkers.Hardworkbyitselfseldomcausesfatigue.Wegettiredbecauseouremotionsproducenervousnessinthebody.1.WhatsurprisedthescientistsafewyearsagoA.Fatiguetoxinscouldhardlybefoundinalaborersblood.B.AlbertEinsteindidntfeelwornoutafteradayswork.C.Thebraincouldworkformanyhourswithoutfatigue.D.Amentalworkersbloodwasfilledwithfatiguetoxins.2.AccordingtotheauthorwhichofthefollowingcanmakesittingworkerstiredA.Challengingmentalwork.B.Unpleasantemotions.C.Endlesstasks.D.Physicallabor.3.WhatstheauthorsattitudetowardsthescientistsideasA.Heagreeswiththem.B.Hedoubtsthem.C.Hearguesagainstthem.D.Hehesitatestoacceptthem.4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatinordertostayenergeticsittingworkersneedto________.A.havesomegoodfoodB.enjoytheirworkC.exerciseregularlyD.discoverfatiguetoxins[文章大意] 与常人的认识截然相反,有研究表明人的大脑不会疲劳,造成疲劳感的是人的情绪和情感,而不是大脑的反应1.C考查细节理解根据第一段中的“Butafewyearsago,scientiststriedtofindouthowlong...”和后面的“Totheamazementofthesescientists...nofatigueatall”可知,许多年前,科学家们惊讶地发现人的大脑是不知疲倦的2.B考查细节理解根据文章倒数第二段第一句中的“..esfromourmentalandemotional情感的attitudes”和该段最后的“duetoemotionalproblems”可知,导致sittingworkers疲劳的是情感问题3.A考查作者态度作者虽然没有直接表达个人的态度,但是通过文章的措辞和语气不难看出,作者是支持科学家的观点的文章第一句开篇就点明“anastonishingandsignificantfact”,另外,全文以第一人称复数形式进行陈述,并且穿插了有关科学家的例子和观点,这些都能帮助我们把握作者的弦外之音4.B考查推理判断既然疲劳是人的情感因素所致,那么对sittingworkers来说,保持良好的心情,培养对工作的热爱之情当然是保证他们精力充沛的灵丹妙药了。