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语言朋友112019-2020年高考英语北师大版一轮复习课时作业语言朋友
(11)Foryearswehavebeendietingstrictlyaftertheyearendovereatingafraidthatwhensummeresthebiggersizewehaveaccumulatedwillbetrayhowweate.Nowscientistssayitsalittlebugthatcausesobesity肥胖.Astheholidayseasonwithitsabundantfeastingarrivesmillionsoffoodloversarekeepinganeyeontheirfigures.ButscientistshavefoundthatweightgainisnotabouttoomuchChristmasturkeyorhotchocolatesbutsomebacteriainyourguts肠.Chinesescientistsrecentlydiscoveredatypeofbacteriaingutsthatmaybetoblameforobesity.AresearchteamledbyZhaoLipingaprofessorinShanghaihasidentifiedapreciselinkbetweenaparticularkindofbacteriaandunusualweightgain.“Theendotoxin内毒素releasedbythebacteriumcanactivate激活agenethathelpsproducefat.Anditalsodeactivatesagenethatconsumesfat,”Zhaosays.Scientistshavelongbelievedthatmicroscopicorganismsinthegutmicrobiotamayplayaveryimportantroleinweightgainbuttheyhadneverbeenabletoproveit.InxxAmericanmicrobiologistJeffreyGordonandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredagenerallinkbetweenobesityandgutmicrobiotainmice.Whilealinkwasbelievedtoexistprovingitwasanothermatter.“Thelistofdiseasesthattheymayplayaroleinisjustgrowingandgrowing,”saysLitaProctordirectoroftheUSNationalInstitutesofHealth.“Buttheproblemisthatwereonlyabletolookatassociationsandarentyetabletoconductcauseandeffectstudies.”Intheclinicalstudyresearchersfoundagrowthoftoomuchendotoxinproducingbacterialeadingto35percentofthegutbacteriainanobesepatientwhoseinitialweightwas175kg.Basedonthisinformationresearcherstriedtocurethepatientbyfeedinghimaspecializednutritionalliquidfoodtodecreasethebacteriainhisgutstoignorableamounts.After23weeksthepatientlost
51.4kgwithhisfattyliverdiseasehavingalmostdisappeared.解题导语科学家们发现肥胖与肠道里的一种细菌有关1.Wedietstrictlyaftertheyearendovereatingbecause______.A.wewontbetrayourselvesB.weeattoomuchturkeyC.therearebacteriainourgutsD.wedontwanttolookfat解析细节理解题根据第一段“afraidthatwhensummeresthebiggersizewehaveaccumulatedwillbetrayhowweate”可知是不想让别人看出身体胖,故选D答案D2.WhatcanbelearnedfromZhaosresearchA.Obesityisrelatedtoakindofbacteria.B.Healthydiethelpsreduceyourfat.C.Chocolatedoesntcauseweightgain.D.Toomuchfoodleadstooverweight.解析细节理解题根据第四段“hasidentifiedapreciselinkbetweenaparticularkindofbacteriaandunusualweightgain”可知肥胖与一种细菌有关,故选A答案A3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEA.Scientistsdidnttrytofindoutthecauseofoverweight.B.Thereisalinkbetweenmicesoverweightandhumans.C.Litaprovedthelinkbetweenbacteriaandweightgain.D.Scientistsfoundbacteriamayberelatedtomanydiseases.解析细节理解题根据第九段“Thelistofdiseasesthattheymayplayaroleinisjustgrowingandgrowing”可知科学家发现细菌跟许多疾病有关系,故选D答案D4.Thepatientfinallylost
51.4kgofhisweightafter________.A.35percentofhisgutbacteriawerekilledB.theamountofgutbacteriawasdecreasedC.hehadaspecialkindofoperationD.hisfattyliverhaddisappeared解析细节理解题根据第十一段内容可知,研究者让病人吃一种特殊的食物以减少肠道里的细菌,故选B答案B5.WhatdoesthepassagemainlytalkaboutA.Peopleseatinghabits.B.Healthylifestyles.C.Amedicaldiscovery.D.Theconsequenceofobesity.解析主旨大意题根据全文的内容来看,这是关于人们肥胖的一个新的发现,故选C答案C语法填空Amanboughtadonkeyatthemarketonedayandtookhimhome.Themanhadalreadyownedseveraldonkeysandhekneweachonescharacterverywell.Oneofthedonkeyswasverystrongandbrave.
6.________waseagertopleasebutquicklyexhausted.Onedonkeywasverylazy.Hehatedgoingtoworkinthemorningandhedidaslittleashe
7.________possiblecouldalldaylong.When
8.________otheranimalswerebeingloadedup装载货物healwaystriedtobethelastsothathewouldgetthe
9.________lightload.Themantookthenewdonkeyintotheyard.Foramomenthestood
10.________sniffathisnewpanions.Thenwithouthesitation毫不犹豫地hewalkeduptothelazydonkeyandbeganhavingfoodfortably
11.________hisside.Thoughitwaslateinthedaythemanimmediately
12.________leadthenewdonkeyoutoftheyardstraightbacktothemarket.“Itcannotbeafairtrial,”saidthemerchant.“Ithasbeenonlytenminutes
13.________youboughthim.”“Idontneedtotryhimanymore,”repliedtheman.“Iknowjust
14.________heislikefromthefriendhechoseforhimself.Takehimawayandgivememymoneyback.Icandowithoutdonkeys
15.________him.”解题导语本文告诉我们一个道理观友知人6.解析根据上文的“severaldonkeys”可知,此处填不定代词another,表示“三者或三者以上中的另一个”答案Another7.解析此处填副词,在句中作状语答案possibly8.解析根据语境可知,此处填定冠词the答案the9.解析根据语境可知,此处填形容词的最高级形式答案lightest10.解析分析句子结构可知,此处应填现在分词形式作伴随状语答案sniffing11.解析atonesside为固定短语,意为“在某人身侧”答案at12.解析分析句子结构可知,此处需填谓语动词,由于是在记叙过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时答案led13.解析根据现在完成时可知,此处应填连词since引导时间状语从句,表示“自从……时起”答案since14.解析此处填what,引导宾语从句,在从句中作介词like的宾语答案what15.解析根据语境可知,此处填介词like,表示“像”答案like。