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2019-2020年高考英语四月阅读理解、完形填空选练
(11)阅读理解 LinusPaulingtheonlypersonwhohaswontwoundividedNobelPrizeswasborninPortlandOregon.HeattendedWashingtonHighSchoolbutbecauseofanunimportantdetailhedidnotreceivehisdiplomauntil1962longafterhehadreceivedhisBachelor’sdegreeinchemicalengineeringfromOregonStateCollegein
1922.Hehadchosentostudyhismajorbecausehecouldgetagoodjobwithit.HewontheNobelPrizeforChemistryin1954forhisresearchintothenatureofthechemicalbondanditsapplicationtotheexplanationofthestructureofplexsubstances.Hisinterestinthe“behavior”ofmolecules分子ledhimfromphysicalchemistrytobiologicalchemistryespeciallyofthehumanbody.Hebeganwithproteinsandtheirmainpartstheaminoacids氨基酸whicharecalledthe“buildingblocksoflife”.In1950heconstructedthefirstsatisfactorymodelofaproteinmoleculeadiscoveryveryimportanttotheunderstandingofthelivingcell.DuringWorldWarⅡPaulingwasamemberoftheResearchBoardforNationalSecurityforwhichhewasawardedthePresidentialMedalofMeritin
1948.HowevertheuseoftheatomicbombneartheendofthewarturnedPaulinginanewdirection.Havinglongworkedonthestructureofmoleculeshetookanimmediateinterestinthedeadlyeffectsofnuclearfalloutonhumanmolecularstructures.FromthenonPaulingprotestedtheproductionofthehydrogenbombsandsupportedthepreventionofthespreadofnuclearweapons.ThroughhiseffortsTheNuclear-Test-BanTreatydeclaringallnuclearteststobeillegalexceptundergroundonescameintoeffectonOctober101963thesamedayLinusPaulingwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforPeace.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了LinusPauling一生的成就及其对世界所做出的杰出贡献他是唯一一位两度独立获诺贝尔奖的科学家
1.FromthefirstparagraphwelearnthatLinusPauling .A.didn’tstudyhardwhileinWashingtonHighSchoolB.istheonlyscientistwhohaswontwoNobelPrizesC.wasoncebadlytreatedinWashingtonHighSchoolD.chosetostudychemicalengineeringtoearnhisliving【解析】选D细节理解题从第一段最后一句话“Hehadchosentostudyhismajorbecausehecouldgetagoodjobwithit.”可以得出正确答案为D选项
2.WhichofthefollowingthingsdidPaulingpaymuchattentiontoatfirstA.The“behavior”ofmolecules.B.Physicalchemistry.C.Biologicalchemistry.D.Thehumanbody.【解析】选B推理判断题从第二段第二句话“Hisinterestinthe‘behavior’ofmoleculesledhimfromphysicalchemistrytobiologicalchemistryespeciallyofthehumanbody.”我们可以看出Pauling的兴趣发生了变化从physicalchemistry转到了biologicalchemistry上所以正确答案为B选项
3.DuringWorldWarⅡLinusPauling .A.hadtostophisresearchbecauseofthewarB.madegreatcontributionstothesafetyofthecountryC.joinedthearmytofightforthesafetyofthecountryD.tookpartinresearchingnuclearbombs【解析】选B细节理解题根据第三段第一句话“DuringWorldWarⅡPaulingwasamemberoftheResearchBoardforNationalSecurityforwhichhewasawardedthePresidentialMedalofMeritin
1948.”可以得出正确答案为B选项
4.Themainideaofthepassageistoshow .A.LinusPauling’sattitudetowardsnuclearweaponsB.LinusPauling’scontributionstotheworldC.LinusPauling’sresearchonthestructureofmoleculesD.LinusPauling’sgettingtheNobelPrizeforPeace【解析】选B主旨大意题本文主要介绍了LinusPauling一生的成就及其对世界的贡献所以应该选择B选项阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑Philipwasanine-year-oldboyinaSundayschoolclassof8-year-oldgirlsandboys.Sometimesthethirdgradersdidn’twelePhilipintotheirgroupandusuallytrickedhim.Thiswasnotbecausehewasolderbutbecausehewas“different”.YouseePhilipsufferedfromaconditioncalledDowns’sSyndrome.Thismadehim“different”withhisfacialcharacteristicsslowresponsesandmentalproblems.OneSundayafterEastertheSundayschoolteachergatheredsomeplasticeggsthatpulledapartinthemiddle.Theteachergaveonetoeachchild.Onthatbeautifulspringdaythechildrenweretogooutanddiscoverforthemselvessomesymbolof“newlife”andplaceitinsidetheplasticeggs.Afterthechildrenreturnedtotheclassroomtheteacheropenedtheireggsonebyoneaskingeachchildtoexplainthatsymbolof“newlife”.Thefirstopenedeggcontainedaflower.Everyonecheered.Inanotherwasabutterfly….Whentheteacheropenedthelasteggitwasempty.“That’sstupid”saidsomeone.Theteacherfeltapullathisshirt.ItwasPhilip.LookingupPhilipsaid“It’smine.Ididit.It’sempty.Ihavenewlifebecausethetombisempty.”Notasoundwasheardinclassatall.FromthatdayonPhilipbecamearealpartofthegroup.Theyweledhimandwhatevermadehimdifferentwasnevermentionedagain.Philip’sfamilyknewhewouldn’tlivealonglifeforthereweretoomanythingswrongwithhim.
1.Theunderlinedword“condition”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans________.A.gradeB.statusC.healthD.disease
2.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat________.A.The8-year-oldsweresometimescruelB.The8-year-oldswerefriendlytoPhilipC.PhilipwasreallydifferentinschoolD.Philipwasolderandmoresensitive
3.Theteachergaveeachchildoneplasticeggtoletthem________.A.playaroundonthatbeautifulspringdayB.putsomesymbolof“newlife”intoitC.trytopullitapartinthemiddleD.gooutanddiscoverthemselves
4.AfterPhilipexplainedhisnewlife________.A.Theclassthoughthewasclever.B.Theclassfellsilent.C.Hebegantostudyintheclass.D.Hefeltdying.
5.Welearnfromthepassagethat________.A.TheteacherusedtohaveclassesoutdoorsB.ThePhilip’snewlifewishwasemptyC.PhilipwashealthyasawholeD.Philipwasacceptedbyhisclassmatesintheend【参考答案】DABBD阅读理解Whetherintheworkplaceoronthefootballfieldeffectiveteamworkcanproduceamazingresults.Howeverworkingsuccessfullyasateamisnotaseasyasitmayseem.Effectiveteamworkcertainlydoesnotjusthappenautomatically;ittakesagreatdealofhardworkandpromise.Thereareanumberoffactorsthatmustbeinplacetomakeagoodteam.Effectiveleadershipisoneofthemostimportantfactorsofgoodteamwork.Theteam’sleadershouldpossesstheskillstocreateandpreserveapositiveworkingenvironmentandmotivateandinspiretheteammemberstotakeapositiveapproachtoworkandbehighlymitted.Aneffectiveteamleaderwillpromoteahighlevelofspiritandmakethemfeelsupportedandvalued.municationisavitalfactorofallinterpersonalrelationshipandespeciallythatofateam.Teammembersmustbeableto articulate theirfeelingsexpressplansandgoalsshareideasandseeeachother’sopinions.Conflictswillarisenomatterhowwellateamfunctionstogether.Thebestwaytodealwithconflictsistohavesomeorganizedmethodsofhandlingconflicts.Teammembersshouldbeabletovoicetheirconcernswithoutfearofoffendingothers.Insteadofavoidingconflictissuesahands-onapproachthatsettlesthemquicklyismuchbetter.Itisoftenadvisedthattheteamleadersitwiththeconflictingpartiesandhelpworkouttheirdifferenceswithouttakingsidesandtryingtoremainobjectiveifpossible.Theteamleadermustsetagoodexampletocreategoodteamwork.Inordertokeepteammemberspositiveandmittedandmotivatedtheteamleaderhimselfneedstoshowthesequalities.Theteamturnstotheleaderforsupportandguidance.Soanynegativewordsorbehaviorsontheleader’spartcanbedisastrous.Regardlessofwhattypeofworkyouareinknowinghowtoeffectivelyworkonandwithateamisgoingtobeextremelyimportanttoyoursuccessandthatofyourteam.
6.Effectiveleadershipisimportantpartlybecause___________________.A.ithelpsaleadertodeveloplotsofskills B.itmakesaleaderfeelsupportedandvaluedC.itcreatesapositiveworkingenvironment D.itdependsoninterpersonalrelationshipofateam
7.Theunderlinedword“articulate”probablymeans_________________.A.hide B.feel C.express D.plan
8.Whenconflictsariseamongteammemberstheteamleadershould________.A.worryabouttheteammembers B.ignoretheteammembers’voicesC.trytoavoidconflictissues D.workouttheirdifferences
9.Tobeeagoodteamleaderyouhaveto________.A.bepositiveandmitted B.setupagoodteamC.lookforsupportfromtheteam D.avoidnaturaldisasters
10.WhichisthebesttitleforthepassageA.FootballAndTeamwork B.WhatMakesEffectiveTeamworkC.HandleConflictInATeam D.municationAndTeamwork【参考答案】6—
10、CCDAB完型填空阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从以下题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项Mr.andMrs.Harrishadalwaysspenttheirsummerholidaysinasmallhotelattheseasideneartheirhometown.Oneyearhowever然而Mr.Harrismadealotof1inhisbusiness2theydecidedtogotoaforeigncountryandstayatareallygood
3.TheyflewtoRomeand4ata5-starhotellateintheevening.Theythoughttheywouldhavetogotobedhungrybecauseinthat5hotelwheretheyhadbeenusedtostayinthepastnomealswereserved供应6sevenintheevening.Theywere7tobetoldthatthehotelserveddinneruntilten.“Thenwhatarethetimes8meals”askedMrs.Harris.“Wellmadamweservebreakfastfromseventoelevenlunchfromtwelvetothree9fromfourtofiveanddinnerfromsixtoten.”“Butthathardly10anytimeforustoseethecity!”saidMrs.Harris.名师点评哈里斯很少住星级宾馆,一次在罗马旅行时住进了一家五星级宾馆,因为对宾馆提供的服务不胜了解,结果闹出了笑话D
1.A.mistakesB.timeC.friendsD.money【解析】D根据下文,哈里斯夫妇出国旅游并住进高级宾馆,说明他们赚了很多钱故选moneyB
2.A.butB.soC.thoughD.yet【解析】Bmadealotofmoney与下文gotoaforeigncountry构成因果关系,故选soA
3.A.hotelB.placeC.cityD.restaurant【解析】A与下文他们住进a5-starhotel相对应,这里应选择hotelC
4.A.stayedB.gotC.arrivedD.reached【解析】C表示到达目的地,reach可直接接宾语,get后应加介词to,arrive为不接物动词,后应加介词in或at才能接宾语,所以arrive为正确选项A
5.A.smallB.bigC.foreignD.good【解析】A根据文章的第一句,以前他都是住的smallhotel,这里应选smallB
6.A.onB.afterC.duringD.until【解析】Bon和during都不能与seven连用他们估计要挨饿,说明在以前住的宾馆里7点以后不可能有饭菜供应故应选择afterC
7.A.tiredB.interestedC.surprisedD.worried【解析】C有人告知饭菜供应会持续到十点时,他们理应感到surprisedD
8.A.withB.onC.atD.of【解析】Dof常用来表示所有关系,thetimesofthemeals表示“每顿饭的供应时间”B
9.A.drinkB.teaC.beerD.food【解析】B根据西方人的生活习性,宾馆一般不会在一段时间只供应啤酒,下午喝茶比较合乎常理故选teaD
10.A.takesB.doesC.hasD.leaves【解析】D哈里斯以为从早到晚都得在吃饭或喝茶,几乎没有剩余时间观光旅游了,leave表示“剩下,遗留”,为正确选项。