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2019-2020年高考英语四月阅读理解和完形填空自练
(1)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中,选出最佳选项Adifferentsortofgenerationgapisdevelopingintheworkplace.Someone---specificallythefather-daughterteamofLarryandMeaganJohnson---hasfiguredoutthatonsomeAmericanjobsitesfivegenerationsareworkingsidebyside.Intheirnewbookaboutgenerationsintheworkplacethepairarguethatwhilesuchanagedifferenceaddsalotoftextureandavarietyoflifeexperiencesitcanalsobringtensionsandconflicts.TheJohnsonsarehuman-resourcetrainersandpublicspeakers.DadLarryisaformerhealth-careexecutive;daughterMeaganisaonetimehigh-levelsalesmanager.Herearetheoldestandyoungestofthefivegenerationstheyidentify:TheycalltheoldestgroupTraditionalsbornbefore
1945.TheywereheavilyinfluencedbythelessonsoftheGreatDepressionandWorldWarTwo.Theyrespectauthoritysetahighstandardofworkmanshipandmunicateeasilyandconfidently.Butthey’realsostubbornlyindependent.Theywanttheiropinionsheard.AttheotherextremearewhattheJohnsonscallLinkstersbornafter1995intotoday’smoreplicatedmulti-mediaworld.Theyliveandbreathetechnologyandareoftensocialactivists.Youwon’tfindmany15-yearoldsintheofficesoflargepaniesexceptasvolunteersofcoursebutquiteoldandquiteyoungworkersdoetogetherinsalesenvironmentslikebikeshopsandice-creamstores.TheJohnsonsLarryandMeaganrepresentagenerationgapthemselvesintheirworkwithjobsiteissues.TheJohnsons’pointisthatastheaveragelifespancontinuestoriseandretirementdatesgetdelayedbecauseofthetighteconomypeopleofdifferentgenerationsareworkingsidebysidemoreoftenbringingwiththemverydifferentideasaboutpanyloyaltyandworkvalues.Thefivegenerationsareheavilyinfluencedbyquitedifferenteventssocialtrendsandtheculturalphenomenaoftheirtimes.Theirexperiencesshapetheirbehaviorandmakeitdifficultsometimesformanagerstoachieveastrongandefficientworkplace.LarryandMeaganJohnsondiscussallthisingreaterdetailinanewbook“GenerationsInc.:FromBoomerstoLinksters---ManagingtheFrictionBetweenGenerationsatWork”publishedbyAmaPresswhichisavailableinallgoodbookstorefromthisFriday.
1.Thetypeofgenerationgapinparagraph1referstothedifferenceinbeliefs________.A.betweenmanagersandworkersB.amongfamilymembersC.amongemployeesD.betweenolderandnewerpanies
2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutTraditionalsA.They’velearnedmuchfromwarandeconomicdisaster.B.They’redifficulttoworkwithastheyarestubborn.C.Theyrespecttheirbossandhopetoberespected.D.They’reindependentworkerswithgreatconfidence.
3.AccordingtothepassagetheLinkstersareusually________.A.foundworkingintheofficesoflargepaniesB.influencedbymediaandtechnologyC.enthusiasticmulti-mediaactivistsD.ice-creamsellers
4.Accordingtothepassagemodernworkforcesaremorediversebecause________.A.peoplewanttoincreasetheiraveragelifespanB.manyyoungpeopleareenteringtheworkforceC.employeeswithdifferentvaluescanbenefittheirpaniesD.retirementdatesarebeingdelayedforeconomicreasons
5.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassageA.TopromoteanewbookbyLarryandMeaganJohnson.B.Todescribethefivedifferentworkplacegenerations.C.TointroducetheJohnsons’researchaboutdiverseworkforces.D.Toidentifyamajorprobleminmodernworkforces.【参考答案】1—
5、CBBDA阅读理解阅读下列短文从给的四个选项A、B、C和D中选出最佳选项StephenWilliamHawkingwasbornonJanuary81942300yearsafterthedeathofGalileoinOxford,England.HisparentshousewasinNorthLondon,butduringtheSecondWorldWarOxfordwasconsideredasaferplacetohavebabies.Whenhewaseight,hisfamilymovedtoStAlbans,atownabout20milesnorthofLondon.AtelevenStephenwenttoStAll.School,andthenontoUniversityCollege,Oxford,hisfathersoldcollege.Stephenwantedtodomathematics,althoughhisfatherwouldhavepreferredmedicine.MathematicswasnotavailableatUniversityCollege,sohedidphysicsinstead.StephenthenwentontoCambridgetodoresearchincosmology宇宙论.AftergaininghisPHD,hebecamefirstaresearchfellow,andlateronaprofessionalfellowatGonvilleCaiusCollege.AfterleavingtheInstituteofAstronomyin1973StephencametotheDepartmentofAppliedMathematicsandTheoreticalPhysics,andsince1979hasheldthepostofLucasianProfessorofMathematics.Thechairwasfoundedin1663withmoneyleftinthewilloftheReverendHenryucas,whohadbeentheMemberofParliamentfortheUniversity.ItwasfirstheldbyIsaacBarrow,andthenin1669byIsaacNewton.HismanypublicationsincludeTheLargeScaleStructureofSpacetimewithG.F.R.Ellis,GeneralRelativity AnEinsteinCentenarySurveywithW.Israel,and300YearsofGravitywithW.Israel.StephenHawkinghadtwopopularbookspublished hisbestsellerABriefHistoryofTime,andhislaterbook,BlackHolesandBabyUniversesandotheressays.“Mygoalissimple.Itisapleteunderstandingoftheuniverse,whyitisasitisandwhyitexistsatall,”Hawkingsaid.1.HawkingsfatherwouldlikeHawkingtolearn________.A.mathematicsB.physicsC.medicineD.cosmology答案C 根据第一段倒数第二句“Stephenwantedtodomathematics,althoughhisfatherwouldhavepreferredmedicine.”可知,父亲想让霍金学习医学2.WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTrightaboutthedescriptionofHawkingA.Hawkingwasbornonthe300thanniversaryofGalileosdeath.B.Hawkingwenttoschoolattheageofeleven.C.Hawkinglikedphysicsbestwhenhewasyoung.D.Hawking,togetherwithW.Israelwrotetwoofhisworks.答案C 根据第一段的内容可知,斯蒂芬·霍金最早较喜欢数学,但学习了物理专业,是因为那所大学没有数学专业3.AllthepeoplehasheldthepostofLucasianProfessorofMathematicsexcept________.A.HenryLucasB.StephenHawkingC.IsaacBarrowD.IsaacNewton答案A 文章第二段中介绍了艾萨克·贝若,艾斯克·牛顿和斯蒂芬·霍金都担任这个职务,故A项符合题意4.WhatHawkingsaidinthelastpassagemeansthat________.A.hewouldliketoleadasimplelifeB.hewoulddevotehislifetotheresearchoftheuniverseC.hehasunderstoodthegreatlawoftheuniverseD.itiseasyforhimtounderstandtheuniverse答案B 联系上下文和最后一段霍金所说的“Mygoalissimple.Itisapleteunderstandingoftheuniverse...”反映了他献身宇宙科学研究的决心5.TheBESTtitleforthispassageismostlikelytobe“__________”.A.HawkingshappyfamilyB.HawkingandhiscolleaguesC.HawkingsgreatworksD.Hawking—agreatscientist答案D 本文主要介绍了斯蒂芬·霍金的生平,他对宇宙科学理论的研究成果以及他献身宇宙科学研究的决心,故D项符合题意议论类和说明类完形填空复习考前冲刺指导【考纲解读】新课标考纲解释单项填空“主要考查学生对英语基础知识的掌握程度及运用能力,旨在检测考生对英语基础知识的理解、掌握和运用情况”试题的命题原则是“突出语境、强调应用、注重实际、体现能力”命题范围主要包括名词、代词、冠词、形容词和副词、动词短语、动词时态及语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、强调句型、倒装、省略句和情景交际等【命题特点】
一、突出重点,覆盖考点从语言知识的分布点上看,试题一直保持着“覆盖面广、重点突出”的特点内容涉及交际、时态、语态、冠词、形容词、副词、动词(词组)、非谓语动词、定语从句以及状语从句等,其中围绕动词及其变化的考查一直是单项填空测试的重点
二、突出语境,活用语法从测试的内容上看,试题重视在语境中考查学生的语言实践能力即考查语法现象的规则性又体现其实践中的灵活性;即尊重语法知识的规范性又不拘泥其语境使用中的合理性
三、突出交叉,综合踩点从测试的体位上看,试题不只是单纯地考查某一个点,而是全面、立体地展示中学阶段所学的基础知识
四、突出实词,加强辨析从词汇考查的角度来看,除湖北题全部考查词汇外,越来越多的省份逐渐加大了词汇测试的考查力度,这是全国高考试题变化的一个新趋向,也是高考英语和大学英语接轨的一个切入点
五、突出创新,贴近生活从题干的形式上看,单句的测试题渐渐让位于篇章测试题,语言知识测试题渐渐让位于语言运用测试题,用对话创设情景的题目所占比例越来越多试题的题干不再拘泥于陈腐的句型、句式,而是以前置句、后置句、省略句、插入句、变化句等创新句型来增加语境和句子结构的复杂性从话题的选材上看,试题关注社会生活的变化和发展,点缀和折射时代热点,极具“生活化”和“时代感”【题型分类】议论文是高考完形填空中较难的一种文体,一般由三个要素组成论点、论据、结论要做好议论文类的完形填空最重要的是抓住作者的论点不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同,大体有以下三种情况
(1)开门见山地提出论点有些议论文在文章的一开始就提出论点然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点,论据有时候既有正面的论据,也有反面的论据,最后总结全文
(2)导入式提出论点有些议论文会先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象,然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点,再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点
(3)最后提出论点有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象,而不表明自己的观点,而是通过对具体现象的分析,自然得出一种结论,这种结论往往就是作者的论点对于纯议论形式的完形填空,要在掌握全文主旨的情况下,抓好每段的首句抓住了每段的主旨句也就是把握了文章的脉络,理解文意就容易了说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明,通常结构严谨,句子结构复杂,因此是高考完形填空中较难理解的一种文体说明文一般有三类一是实体事例说明文包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等(实体事物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品);二是事理说明文包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等(事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等);三是文艺性说明文即把说明对象拟人化,进而编成故事,对其进行介绍具体特点为
(1)开头点题做说明文完形填空时,要明确说明的对象是什么,是具体实物还是理论性概念因此,明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提在近年的说明型填空中,作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象
(2)结构清晰把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利说明文的写作一般按时问顺序指先后顺序,空间顺序从局部到整体,从上到下、从内到外,逻辑顺序前因后果,先果后因,先主后次;认识顺序由此及彼,由浅入深,由具体到抽象,由现象到本质说明文型完形填空短文层次清晰,整体性强,所以,递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多说明文往往较直白,写作脉络清晰,又没有很多感情因素的掺入,所以就不会有过多的情感词汇,自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”据此特点,我们便可以顺着作者的思路,理清整篇文章的思路,从而顺利答题。