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2019-2020年高考英语语法专项-情态动词和虚拟语气含答案情态动词1.例题感悟
1.-CouldIborrowyourdictionaryNMET-Yesofcourseyou________.A.mightB.willC.canD.should析B、D意明显不合;A语气不妥,与ofcourse不符此题Could是表Can意的委婉说法,并非过去时,所以答案应为C
2.-ShallItellJohnaboutit-Noyou_________.I’vetoldhimalready.NMETA.needn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.shoudn’t析B意明显不合用,可排除mustn’t意“不许、不得”,shouldn’t意“不应该”都不合情景只有needn’t表“不必”与下文“I’vetoldhimalready”相贴切
3.-Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.-It_________afortablejourney.NMETA.can’tbeB.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen析A、B是对现在情况而言,与情景不合表否定推测不能说mustn’thavebeen只有D选项“不可能是”意思切合,时态也对,故为正确答案
4.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquickly,buteveryone________getout.NMETA.couldB.wouldC.wasabletoD.hadto析根据题干提供的情景B、D皆应排除在A、C两选项中,因为根据情景要选一个“经过努力能够”这样意思的词,故定答案为C
5.ItoldSallyhowtogetherebutperhapsI________forher.A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout析A项意“当时不得不写出来”,不合题意;D项意“现在应写出来”也不合题意;B项意“当时肯定已写出来”明显不对只有表“当初应该写出来”意的C项才合上下文
6.Thatyoungmanhasmadesomuchnoisethathe_________nothavebeenallowedtoattendtheconcert.上海高考题A.couldB.mustC.wouldD.should析若选A意“不可能已被允许…”与情景不合,应排除;B项不可选;C项意“当时将不会被允许…”也与情况相悖只有D“shouldnothavebeenallowed…”表示“当初不该让他…”才合题意
7.-CanIhelpyousir-YesIboughtthisradiohereyesterdaybutit______.NMETA.didn’tworkB.couldn’tworkC.can’tworkD.doesn’twork析若选A意“昨天不响(今天响了)”,不合题目情景;若选B其意是“当时不能工作(现在能工作了)”,显然不合题;若选C意为“这台收音机根本不能工作(是废品)”这未免显得武断;只有D表“这台机子不响(有毛病)”意才能合理地表达来找商店服务员的原因2.解题理论概括与学法指导一般疑问句中几个情态动词的问与答
1.NeedI/he/…Yesyou/he/…must.不用need
2.MustI/he/…Noyou/he/…needn’t/don’tdoesn’twon’thaveto.不用mustn’t
3.MayI/he/…Noyou/he/…mustn’t.少用maynot
4.CouldCanyou…YesIcan不用could
5.ShallI/she/he…Noyousheheneedn’t/can’t/mustn’t情态动词表“推测”
1.canmaymust使用的句式1肯定陈述句中must表“肯定、必定、一定”意,may/might表“也许,或许”意2否定陈述句中can’t/couldn’t表“不可能”意,maynot/mightnot表“也许不、可能不”意3疑问句中只能用can或could不能用mustmay或might注意表推测的couldmight并不是指过去时间,而是表示比canmay把握性略小些的情况
2.对目前状态的推测1must/may/might/can/could+be+表语例如Shemustbeateacher.她肯定是老师Shecan’t/couldn’tbeadoctor.她肯定不是医生Hemaynot/mightnotbeadoctor.他可能不是医生2must/may/might/can/could+一些不能用于进行时的静态动词如:haveexistlivelikehateownbelongto等例如Shemusthaveherowncarforshehasalotofmoney.Thatkindofbirdmayliveinthevalleys.
3.对目前正在发生的事情进行推测句式must/may/might/can/could+bedoing例如Theymustbewaitingforus.他们肯定正在等我们Shemay/mightbedoingherhomework.她可能正在做作业Can/Couldhebeplayingfootball他会正在踢足球吗?
4.对已发生的事情进行推测句式must/may/might/can/could+havedone例如There’snoligntintheroom.Theymusthavegonetobed./Sheknowsnothingaboutthefilm.Shecan’t/couldn’thaveseenit./Can/Couldhehavebeenadoctor/Hemay/mightnothavebeenateacher./TheymusthavebeenwatchingTVatninelastnight./Can/CouldshehavestayedinBeijinglastyear注意willhavedone句式也可表“肯定/可能已经…”推测意例如Hewillhavelearnedadvancedmathematicsforheknowsalotaboutit.他肯定/可能学过高等数学,因为他对此懂得很多“情态动词+havedone”用法
1.should/oughtto+havedone意“本应该…”,含有责备或后悔意例如Youshouldhaveeherealittleearlier./Ioughttohavesenthimtoschool./
2.shouldn’t/oughtn’tto+havedone意“本不应该”,含有责备或后悔意例如Youshouldn’thavewateredtheflower./Ioughtn’ttohavescoldedherforsuchasmallthing.
3.mighthavedone意“过去可能做”;couldhavedone意“本能够做”,两者都含有委婉批评或遗憾之意,也可表对过去情况的推测例如HemighthavegonetoNanjingwithProfessorWang.lastweekbuthewasill.上星期他本可以和王教授一起去南京的,可他病了Wecouldhavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.我们本来是能够提前完成工作的情态动词在反意疑问句中的用法
1.“肯定祈使句+附加问句”结构,附加问句常用will/would/won’tyou形式例如Standstillwill/would/won’tyou
2.“否定祈使句+附加问句”结构,附加问句常用will/wouldyou形式例如Don’twatchTVwill/wouldyou
3.Let’s…shallwe;Letus…will/won’tyou
4.含有must句子的反意问句1must表示“必须”时,附加部分常用needn’t也可用mustn’t.例如Hemustgowithyouneedn’t/mustn’the2mustn’t表“一定不能”时,附加部分用may.例如Shemustn’tleavemayshe3must表“一定、想必”推测意时,附加部分主要有下列几种形式A.Hemustbeanengineerisn’theTheymustbewritingnowaren’tthey这类句子问句前部分含“mustbe…”或“mustbedoing…”B.Shemusthaveacar/livetheredoesn’tsheC.Hemusthaveseenthefilmhasn’the?这类句子问句前部分的谓语为musthavedone句子无具体过去时间状语D.Hemusthaveseenthefilmlastweekdidn’the这类句子问句前面部分的谓语为musthavedone句子有具体过去时间状语E.Mothermusthavebeenshoppingthenwasn’tshe前面部分谓语为musthavebeendoing
5.含有may表推测的句子,其反意问句形式与must表推测的反意问句形式相似例如Shemayhavefinishedherhomeworkhasn’tshe几组词语辨析
1.must与haveto:must强调说话者的主观看法,haveto强调客观需要,表示“不必”意要用needn’t或don’t/didn’t/won’thaveto不能用mustn’t
2.can/could与beableto:can多用于现在时,也可用于将来时,could只用于过去时,beableto可用于各种时态表示“过去经过努力而做成或没做成”要用was/werenotableto,而不用couldnot例如Heworkedhardbuthewasn’tabletopasstheexam.
3.willwouldusedto:都可表“习惯”意
①will表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作如Fishwilldieoutofwater./She’llsitforhourswithoutsayinganything.
②would表示过去习惯性的动作,但不涉及与现在情况的对比如Hewouldwalkbytheriverinthemorning.注意would后不能跟表状态动词例如不能说Hewouldbelateforschoollastyear.
③usedto表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但这种习惯现在已不存在了如Heusedtogetupearly.Heusedtobelateforschool.三.基础与巩固训练
1.WhereismypenI_____it.NMETA.shouldhavelostB.musthavelostC.wouldhavelostD.mightlose
2.Aputer____thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.NMETA.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot
3.We_____lastnightbutwewenttotheconcertinstead.NMETA.musthavestudiedB.mightstudyC.shouldhavestudiedD.wouldstudy
4.Ididn’thearthephoneI_____asleep.NMETA.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen
5.Besuretowritetous_____NMETA.willyouB.aren’tyouC.canyouD.mustn’tyou
6.Ididn’tseeherinthemeeting-roomthismorning.She____atthemeeting.上海A.mustn’thavespokenB.shoudn’thavespokenC.needn’thavespokenD.couldn’thavespoken
7.Thereisplentyoftime.She____.NMETA.musthavehurriedB.needn’thavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.couldn’thavehurried
8.Youdon’t______togothereifyouhavenotime.上海A.needB.wantC.mustD.ought
9.Siryou_____besittinginthiswaiting-room.Itisforwomenandchildrenonly.上海A.oughtn’ttoB.can’tC.won’tD.don’t
10.Tomoughtnotto_____meyoursecretbuthemeantnoharm.NMETA.havetoldB.tellC.betellingD.havingtold
11.It’snearlyseveno’clock.Jack_____behereatanymoment.NMETA.mustB.needC.shouldD.can
12.Yourcoatisdirty_____itforyouA.AmIwashingB.WillIwashC.AmIgoingtowashD.ShallIwash
13.Noone_____thattohisface.A.daresayB.daretosayC.daressayingD.daressaid
14.Thereusedtobeachurchintheeastofthetown_____A.didn’tthereB.usen’ttothereC.usedthereD.usedn’ttothere
15._____youbehappy!A.CanB.MayC.MustD.Would
16.Putonmoreclothes.You_____befeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.A.wouldB.canC.couldD.must
17.-Whydidn’tyouanswerwhenIcalledyou-I_____butyoudidn’thearme.A.hadtoB.couldn’tC.didn’tanswerD.did
18.I_____thattimeismorevaluablethanmoney.A.hardlyneedsayB.needhardlysayC.needhardlytosayD.hardlyneedtosay
19.I____liketobeeapianistsomeday.A.willB.mayC.wouldD.shall20He_____therenowbutIamnotsure.A.maybeB.maybeC.mayhavebeenD.mighthavebeen
21.-Ididn’tseehimyesterday.-Ohbutyou______.A.oughttoB.shouldhaveC.can’thaveD.mayhave
22.-WherewereyouthismorningItriedtocallyou.-I_____tothelibraryforawhile.A.triedtogoB.shouldgoC.mustgoD.hadtogo
23.Theflowerisdead.I_____itmorewater.A.willgiveB.mustgiveC.shouldhavegivenD.wouldhavegiven
24.-DoesTomwanttogotothefilm-Yesbuthesays_____tonight.A.he’dnotrathergoB.he’llrathernotgoC.hewon’trathergoD.he’drathernotgo
25.-Didyouwalkhomebyyourselflastnight-YesIdid.ButIguessI_____.A.shouldn’tB.needn’tC.maynothaveD.needn’thave
26.-DoyouspeakJapanese-NoIdon’tbutI_____speakChinese.A.oughtB.havetoC.doD.must
27.Ifyou_____quietI’lltellyouwhathappnedA.beB.willbeC.areD.aretobe
28.-Lookit_____beLiPing.-Noit____behim.He’sgoneabroad.A.may;mustn’tB.must;mayC.must;can’tD.can;maynot
29.ProfessorWangmanystudentswanttoseeyou._____theywaithereoroutsideA.DoB.AreC.WillD.Shall
30.Ican’tfindMrWanganywhereintheofficebuilding.Where____hehavegoneA.mayB.canC.mustD.Should
31.Whereveryou____there’snoplacelikehome.A.cangoB.mustgoC.mightgoD.maygo
32.-Don’tforgettoposttheletterforme.-I_____.A.won’tB.willC.don’tD.can’t
33.-MustItakeataxi-Noyou_____.Youcanwalkfromhere.A.don’tB.mustnotC.don’thavetoD.hadbetternotto
34.Thebus_____start;Idon’tknowwhattodowithit.A.can’tB.won’tC.shan’tD.maynot
35.Thecarbrokedownonthewaybutwe_____getoutofthedesertatlast.A.mightB.wouldC.wereabletoD.could1-5BBCBA6-10DCAAA11-15CDAAB16-20DDDCB21-25BDCDD26-30CBCDB31-35DACBC虚拟语气1.例题感悟1.——Alicewhydidntyoueyesterday——I_____butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.NMETA.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did析:此题A、D明显不合上下文,因为乙方没有去B选项若为wouldhave则成立,可以理解为IwouldhaveeifIhadnthadanunexpectedvisitor.的简略式但此处是would故应排除只有wasgoingto可得体地表达“我原本打算去的,但是有不速之客造访”这一意思2.IftherewerenosubjunctiveEnglish______mucheasier.NMETA.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe析观察题干,可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气故答案为D3.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody______therules.NMETA.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey析根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用shoulddo形式规律,可定正确答案是B4.IwishI_____youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee析此题表与过去事实相反的原望,答案应为C5.——Ifhe_____he_____thatfood.——Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.NMETA.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wuldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken析从对话看,是表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故答案为B
6.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.NMETA.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe析without引出一个含蓄条件句,主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,故答案为D7.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwateritlookasifit_____.NMETA.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken析;放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的,但实际上并非如此,因此是与现在的事实相反,这时asif从句谓语要用一般过去时,故答案为C8.Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_____inturnyou_____sotired.NMETA.drove;didntgetB.drove;wouldntgetC.weredriving;wouldntgetD.haddriven;wouldnthavegot析观察题干,可知if从句表述与过去事实相反的假设,因此答案只能是D9.Ididntseeyouruncleattheparty.Ifhe_____hewouldhavesaidhellotome.A.wouldeB.hadeC.cameD.dide析观察题目上下文,特别是第二句的主句谓语为wouldhavesaid,可知if从句表述的是与过去事实相反的愿望,因此答案为B10._____it_____foryourhelpIcouldnthavemadeanyprogress.A.Had;notbeenB.Should;notbeC.Did;notbeD.Not;be析根据主句谓语形式,可知从句要用haddone形式,故应选A,Haditnotbeenforyourhelp=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp.(要不是你帮忙的话)11.MrSmithwasbadlyillorhe_____ourdinnerparty.A.shouldetoB.wouldhaveattendedC.wouldetoD.shouldhaveattended析or可引导含蓄条件句,表达虚拟语气根据此题内容,可知是与过去事实相反的假设,故答案为B2.解题理论概括与学法指导虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气,它不表示客观存在虚拟语气在单句中的用法常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式例如LonglivethePeoplesRepublicofChina!中华人民共和国万岁!behappy!快乐!haveagoodtime!玩得愉快!succeed!成功!makeprogress!进步!虚拟语气在复合句中的用法1.在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法1)表示与现在事实相反条件从句主句一般过去时(be多用于were)would/should/could/might+动词原形例如IfIwereyouIshouldaccepttheinvitation.如果我是你,我会接受邀请的IfIhadtimeIwouldgothere.如果我有空,我就去那儿2)与过去事实相反条件从句主句过去完成时would/should/could/might+havedone例如Ifyouhadeearlieryoucouldnt/wouldnthavemissedthebus.如果你早点来,你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了Ifhehadseenyouyesterdayhewouldhavereturnedyourbook.如果他昨天见到了你,他就会还你的书的3)与将来事实可能相反条件从句主句一般过去时(be多用were)shoulddoweretodowould/should/could/might+动词原形例如Ifitshouldrain/weretorain/rainedtomorrowthesportsmeetwouldbeputoff.万一明天下雨,运动会就推迟(事实上明天下雨的可能性不大)Ifyoudropped/shoulddrop/weretodroptheglassitwouldbreak.万一杯子掉下来会打碎的4)if的省略如果条件句中有werehadshould等助动词,可将if省略,而把werehad或should置于句首来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思例如Shoulditrain/wereittoraintomorrowthesportsmeetwouldbeputoff./Hadheseenyouyesterdayhewouldhavereturnedyourbook.5条件句或主句的省略当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候,表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略,以避免重复例如——Whydidntyouattendthepartyyesterday——Iwould/shouldhavebutIwastoobusythen.Iwassurprisedthatyoudidntlikethisjob.Youcouldhavedoneitbetter.(后面省略了ifyouhadlikedit.)6混合时间条件句与主句条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差,应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式例如Iftheteacherhadntbeenillyesterdaywhocouldgiveusalecturenow/Ifyouhadreviewedthelessonyouwouldanswerthequestionnow.7含蓄条件句与主句即用without=butfororelse代替if从句例如Without/Butforhishelpwewouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.
2.在asif/asthough引导的状语从句中用法在asif/asthough引导的状语从句中,谓语动词多用倒退一个时间段的方式来表达虚拟语气例如Themanspeaksasifhewereaforeigner./Thespeakertoldusalotaboutthatcountryasthoughhehadbeentheremanytimes./Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeengoodfriendsforyears.注asif/asthough从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气如果情况真实性、可能性很大,就要用正常时态来描绘例如Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.天看起来象要下雨(下雨的可能性很大)3.在宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句中的用法1)在wish后的宾语从句中的用法A.与过去事实相反的愿望宾从谓语为“haddone”形式例如IwishIhadpassedyesterdaysexam.要是我昨天的考试及格了该多好B.与现在事实相反的愿望宾从谓语为“did”形式例如Hewisheshewasascleverasyou./IwishIhadalargeroomtolivein.C.表示将来愿望宾从谓语用“would/coulddo”形式例如HowIwishIwouldgoabroadnextyear!2在suggestproposedemandrequestrequireorderinsist等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语为“shoulddo”形式例如Isuggest/propose/demand/request/require/order/insistthatheshouldbesenttothenearesthospitalassoonaspossible.3在“Itisabout/hightime+that从句”结构中,that从句的谓语用一般过去时或“shoulddo”形式例如Itishightimehe他该开始了4在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法在suggestionproposalrequestrequirementadvice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中,谓语用“shoulddo”形式例如Mysuggestionisthatweshouldsendafewradestohelptheothergroups./Hegaveanorderthattheworkbedoneatonce.3.基础与巩固训练
1.IfI_____himyesterdayI_____himaboutit.A.saw;wouldaskB.hadseen;wouldhaveaskedC.hadseen;wouldaskD.saw;wouldhaveasked
1.Whatdoyouthinkwouldhappenifthere_____nolightduringthedaysA.isB.willbeC.wereD.wouldbe
2._____yousucceedineverythingand_____youbehealthy.A.Hope;wishB.Wish;hopeC.May;mayD.Expect;hope
4.ButforyourhelpI_____theplace.A.cantfindB.canthavefoundC.couldnthavefoundD.haventfound
5.Ifherlawyer_____herelastSundayhe_____herfromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented
6.Ifithadnotbeenfortheliberationnochanges_____placeinmyhometown.A.wouldhavetakenB.wouldhavebeentakenC.willtakenD.willbetaken
7._____latetommorrowwhowouldtakeherplaceA.ShouldMissGreeneB.IfMissGreenwouldeC.MissGreenshouldeD.IfMissGreenes
8._____it_____thecrops_____besaved.A.Had;rained;couldB.Should;rain;wouldC.If;rains;shouldD.Would;rain;should
9.Theactorisoverfifty.Butheactsasifhe_____ayoungman.A.isB.willbeC.shouldbeD.were
10.Itseemsasifit____alreadysummernow.A.wereB.beC.isD.hadbeen
11.IwishI_____himthedaybeforeyesterday.A.sawB.couldseeC.hadseenD.wasseeing
12.Imadethesuggestionthatthey_____theplantheyhadmade.A.sticktoB.stucktoC.insistD.insistedon
13.Itissuggestedthatastudyplan_____rightnow.A.ismadeB.istobemadeC.bemadeD.hadbeenmade
14.Theyrequiredthatwe_____themgetinthecrops.A.helpB.helpedC.werehelpingD.wouldhelp
15.Sheshouldhaveattendedtheclassbutshe_____.A.hadntB.hasntC.didntD.doesnt
16.Itwasorderedthatnosmoking_____inthelibrarywhichmadethesmokersunhappy.A.isforbiddenB.wouldpermitC.beallowedD.shouldnotbeallowed
17.IdratherTom_____tomorrow.AeB.wouldeC.cameD.wille
18.Itisabouttimeyou____themedicinesir.A.willtakeB.shouldtakeC.musttakeD.aretotake
19.Ifthere_____noelectricityinthefutureourlife_____changealot.A.willbe;willB.is;willC.shouldbe;wouldD.wouldbe;would
20.WithoutthemunistPartythere____NewChina.A.hadntbeenaB.isnotaC.wouldbenoD.wasnotaBCCCAAABDACACACCCBCCMayyou祝你started.shouldstart.。