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Module7SummerinLosAngeles词汇精讲
1.provideprovide为及物动词,意为“提供”provide常与介词with或for连用,providesb.withsth.表示“为某人提供某物”,其同意表达为providesth.forsb.例如Sheepprovideuswithwool.=Sheepprovidewoolforus.羊供给我们羊毛TheSunprovidesuswithlightandheat.太阳给我们提供光和热【拓展】辨析offer,provide与supplyoffer1)给予,提供有主观上愿意供给的意思Heofferedmeaglassofwine.他端给我一杯酒2)愿意,试图做某事;提议[+todo]Theyofferedtohelpme.他们表示愿意帮助我3)offer还有“出价,给工资”的意思Weofferedhimthecalculatorfor$
50.这计算器我们向他开价五十美元provide1)作及物动词,“提供装备,供给”providesb.withsth.=providesth.forsb.为某人提供某物Shemanagedtoprovideherchildrenwithfoodandclothing.她设法使她的孩子有饭吃,有衣穿2)作不及物动词,“抚养,赡养”+forHetriedtoearnmoremoneytoprovideforalargefamily.他设法多挣钱以供养一个大家庭supply作及物动词,“供给,供应;补充,满足”,其后常用介词to,for和withWesupplypowertothethreenearbytowns.我们给附近的三个城镇提供电力Ourfarmsuppliesthemarketwithfruits.我们的农场为这家市场提供水果
2.prefer
(1)prefer是及物动词,意思是“更喜欢、比较喜欢”,相当于likebetter例如Whichdoyouprefer=likebetterriceorbread你比较喜欢哪一样,米饭还是面包?
(2)由prefer构成的短语1)preferAtoB意为“喜欢A胜过B、比起B来更喜欢A”,此短语中A和B的形式一样,可以是名词、代词或者动名词,但必须两个词形式统一例如Wepreferapplestooranges.比起桔子来我们更喜欢苹果MygrandmapreferstakingawalktosittinginfrontoftheTV.我奶奶宁愿去散步而不愿看电视2)prefertodosomethingratherthandosomething意为“宁愿做某事,而不愿意做某事”此短语中prefer的后面用动词不定式,than的后面用省略to的动词不定式例如TheyprefertostayathomeandwatchTVratherthangooutforawalk.他们宁愿呆在家里看电视,也不愿意出去散步
3.fillfill表示“装满,填满”,可用作及物和不及物动词,通常与介词with连用例如Everything is filled with new life. 万物充满了生气Hefilledtheglasswithwater.他把杯子装满了水【拓展】full 作为形容词,意为“充满的”befullof 意为“充满……的”例如 Please tell me the full story. 请将全部情况告诉我 The train was traveling at full speed. 火车正全速前进 Theroomisfullofyoungpeople.房间里全是年轻人
4.weigh1weigh表示“称……的重量”,是及物动词;表示“重多少”,是不及物动词例如Heweighedthefish.他称了这条鱼Doyouoftenweighyourself你经常称体重吗Heweighs60kilos.他体重60公斤Themeatweighsfivepounds.这肉重五磅【拓展】
(1)weight是名词,意为“重量,体重”例如What’syourweight你体重是多少?
(2)比较byweight和inweightbyweight表示“按重量”,inweight表示“重量上”例如Dotheychargecarriagebyweight他们是按重量收取运费吗It’ssmallerinsizebutgreaterinweight.它体积比较小,但分量比较重
5.testtest可作名词或动词,意为“测验,考查”,多指简短但正式的考试例如Theyaretakingaspelltest.他们正在接受拼写测验【拓展】quiz一词在美式英语中常用来表示课堂上进行的简单小测验,可当“随堂练,随堂测”讲也可意为“知识测验,小测验”,例如Theyarehavingaquiznow.他们正进行小测验Hetookpartinatelevisionquizandwonaprize.他参加了一个电视知识竞赛并得了奖
6.certaincertain是形容词,意为“确定的;无疑的”,相当于sure,对应的副词为certainlycertain常用于以下结构中becertain/sureofsth.对某事有把握becertain/suretodosth.肯定做某事becertain/sure+that从句确信……例如Theyarecertain/sureofsuccess.他们有把握成功I’mcertain/surethathewille.我确信他会成功的【拓展】certain和sure的辨析两词都含有“确信,肯定”之意,其区别如下1certain为形容词,不仅表示相信,而且表示有根据,主语既可以是人也可以是物例如Heiscertaintoe.他一定会来It’scertainthathewonthegamenow.现在可以肯定他赢得了这场比赛2sure既可以是形容词也可作副词,常表示人的主观愿望或信念,主语通常是人例如Kidsnowadaysseemverysureofthemselves.现在的小孩显得非常自信—Canyougivemearidetoworktomorrow明天我可以顺路搭你的车去上班吗?—Sure.当然可以
7.sound
(1)sound做连系动词讲时,意为“听起来”,后面跟名词或者形容词作表语,构成主系表结构例如Yourideasoundsgreat.你的想法听起来很不错
(2)sound当名词讲时,意为“自然界的各种声音”例如Soundtravelsslowerthanlight.声音传播比光慢【拓展】常见的连系动词有be动词(am,isare);和感官有关的词(look看起来,feel摸起来,taste吃起来,smell闻起来);表示改变,变化含义的词(get,bee,turn,goe);以及其他常用词seem等例如Hisfaceturnsred.Doyouknowwhy他的脸变红了你知道为什么吗?Thefoodwentbad.食物坏了
8.becrazyaboutbecrazyabout意为“对……而疯狂,热爱,痴迷于”,about为介词,后跟名词或动名词例如Iusedtobecrazyaboutthehuntingseason.过去,打猎的季节使我疯狂Iamcrazyaboutplayingbasketball.我热衷于篮球【拓展】表达“喜欢”的其他短语beinterestedin;befondof等例如HeisinterestedintheFrenchculture.他对法国文化感兴趣Mybrotherisfondofclassicalmusic.我弟弟喜欢古典音乐词汇精练I.英汉短语互译1.preparefor________________2.makealist_________________3.haveagreattime_______________4.atthesametime________________5.aswellas________________6.为……付款________________7.在……的起初________________8.和某人建立亲密的友谊________________9.和某人保持联系________________10.去购物________________II.根据句意和首字母提示完成单词1.Withafamily,yougetalotmorespeakingandlisteningp_______.2.Thesportsmeetingd________ontheweather.3.—HowlongdoesthecourseI_______—Forthreemonths.4.It’sagreatwaytostudytogethering_______.5.I’mdoinganEnglishc_______intheUSA.6.I_______更喜欢playfootball.7.Theywantto_______体验lifeintheUS.8.Ourparents_______提供uswithallweneed.9.Idon’tlikethe______短裤becausethey’retootight.10.Theboyhasmadegreat______进步inthelasttwoyears.III.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1.Studyhard,oryou_______notpasstheexam.2.ManythingsinAmericaare_______expensivethanthoseinChina.3.Iprefer_______swimto_______playgames.4.Iamlookingforwardto_______visitthemuseum.5.You’dbetter_______notcrossthestreet.【参考答案】I.英汉短语互译1.对……做准备2.列清单3.玩得很高兴4.同时5.除……以外,还……6.payfor7.atthebeginningof8.formclosefriendshipwithsb.9.stayintouchwithsb.10.goshoppingII.根据句意和首字母提示完成单词1.practice2.depends3.last4.group5.course6.prefer7.experience8.provide9.shorts10.progressIII.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1.won’tpass2.moreexpensive3.swimming;playing4.visiting5.notcross句式精讲
1.…butIdon’tknowwhattotake.whattotake为“疑问代词+动词不定式”结构在句中作know的宾语特殊疑问词+动词不定式,在句中可以作主语,宾语和表语例如Iwanttoknowwhattodonext.(作宾语)我想要知道下一步做什么HowtoimproveEnglishisimportanttous.(作主语)如何提高英语对我们很重要Thequestioniswhentostart.(作表语)问题是什么时候动身
2.Youhadbetteraskthetravelpanyaboutthetotalweigh…hadbetter常简略为’dbetter是一固定词组,hadbetter意为“最好”,用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望其用法有以下几点 1hadbetter后面必须跟动词原形,构成hadbetterdosth.句型例如 You’dbettergotohospitalatonce.你最好立即去医院看病 Tomyou’dbettergotheretoday.汤姆,你最好今天去那里 2主语不论是第几人称,句子不论是什么时态,都要用hadbetter的形式例如 Nowyouhe;wehadbetterlistentotheteacher.你他,我们现在最好听老师讲
3.Ohbythewaydon’tforgettotakeyourpassport.bytheway意为“顺便说一声”例如Bytheway,haveyouseenHarryrecently?顺便说一句,你最近见过哈里吗?【拓展】
(1)intheway有“挡路”的意思,还有“用这种方法”的意思例如Sorryyouareintheway.对不起,你挡路了Inthisway,hehascollectedagreatmanystamps用这种方法他收集了大量的邮票
(2)ontheway意为“在去某地的路上”例如Onthewaytothestation,Iboughtsomechocolate在去车站的路上我买了些巧克力
(3)getinthewayof意为“受到……的阻碍”例如Hersociallifegotinthewayofherstudies.她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习
(4)inaway意为“从某种意义上说”例如In away,itisanimportantbook在某种意义上,这是一本重要的书
4.I’mleavingattheendofJuly…end作为名词,意为“结束;结尾”常用于句型attheendof意为“在……末尾”例如Thebankisattheendofthestreet.银行在这条街的尽头【拓展】
(1)end作为不及物动词,意为“结束;终止”,其主语通常是物例如Ourmorningclassesendat11:50a.m.我们上午的课程在1150结束
(2)end作为及物动词,意为“结束;完成”,其主语通常是人例如Sheendedheremail.她写完了电子邮件
5.…anditdependsonyourpersonalchoice.depend意思为“依靠、依赖、取决于”等,只用作不及物动词,通常与介词onupon连用,有时可在某人或某物后用介词for主要用法有1dependon/upon+某人或某物Whetherwe’llgocampingdependsontheweather.我们是否去野营要看天气Childrendependontheirparentsforfoodandclothing.儿童的衣食靠父母2dependon/upon+从句Oursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshardornot.我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力Theamountyoupaydependsonwhereyoulive.你付多少钱要看你住什么地方3口语中说Italldepends./Thatdepends.意为“那要看情况”—Areyougoingtoo你也去吗—Thatdepends.那要看情况句式精练I.同义句转换1.Weprovidedthemwithfreebooks.写出同义句We_______freebooks________them.2.Theyofferedthepoorchildrenbread.写出同义句They________bread________thepoorchildren.3.Ifyoudon’tlistencarefully,youwon’tknowwhattodo.写出同义句_______carefully,_______youwon’tknowwhattodo.4.IlikeEnglishbetterthanChinese.写出同义句I_______English_______Chinese.5.Ispent10yuanonthepen.写出同义句I_______10yuan_______thepen.6.Theflightwillleaveintenminutes.对划线部分提问____________willtheflight_______7.IknowalittleaboutAmericanculture.对划线部分提问_____________doyouknowaboutAmericanculture8.Iammakingalistofthingsformytrip.对划线部分提问_______areyou_______alistofthings9.Idon’tknowwhatIcantake.写出同义句Idon’tknow______________take.10.You’dbetteraskthetravelpany.变为否定句You’dbetter______________thetravelpany.II.根据汉语提示,完成句子1.在同时,我妈妈在看杂志Mymotherwasreadingamagazine____________________________.2.请把你需要的列个清单Please__________________ofwhatyouneed.3.顺便说一下,不要忘记带你的护照__________________,don’tforgettotakeyourpassport.4.我不知道做什么Idon’tknow__________________.5.我和我的老师们已经建立了亲密的友谊I____________closefriendship______myteachers.6.你最好把你的想法写下来_____________writedownyourideas.7.我们不应该依靠父母Weshouldn’t_______________ourparents.III.补全对话根据下面的对话情景,在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子,使对话的意思连贯、完整A:MorningTina.DidyouenjoyyourholidayinthecountrylastweekB:YesIreallyhadalotoffunthere.A:Great!
1.B:Withsomeofmyfriends.A:
2.InahotelB:No.Wecampedinamountainvillage.Andwecookedourmealsoveranopenfire.A:Soundswonderful.HowwastheweatherthereB:
3..Whenwetookawalkinthecountrysidewemetsomevillagersandhadteawiththem.A:
4.B:Yes.Iwillbringyousomepicturestomorrow.BythewaywhatdidyoudolastweekendA:
5.B:Wowprettycool.Ibelieveyouhadagreattimetoo.【参考答案】I.句型转换,按要求完成下列句子1.provided;for2.offered;to3.Listen;or4.prefer;to5.paid;for6.Howsoon;leave7.Howmuch8.Why;making9.whatto10.notaskII.根据汉语提示,完成句子1.atthesametime2.makealist3.Bytheway4.whattodo5.haveformed;with6.You’dbetter7.dependonIII.补全对话
1.Whomdidyougotherewith/Whomdidyouenjoyyourholidaywith/Withwhomdidyougothere/...
2.Wheredidyoustay
3.Itwasfine/sunny/.../Theweatherwasfine/sunny/verygood/notbad/...
4.Didyoutakephotos/pictures/Didyoutakeany/afew/many/alotofphotos/pictures/...
5.Icookedsomedeliciousfoodformyfather’sbirthday/...。