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第31课宾语从句与定语从句课堂突破宾语从句概念在复合句中,用来充当宾语的句子叫作宾语从句在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式等后面都可以接宾语从句,要想真正掌握宾语从句的用法,必须把握三个关键点引导词、语序、时态宾语从句的引导词连接宾语从句的连词有thatwhether与if另外还有连接代词whatwhichwhowhom及连接副词whenwherehowwhy
1.宾语从句是陈述句时,用连接词that引导,that在从句中只起引导作用,不作句子成分,没有词义,在口语中常常省略如Heknew(that)heshouldstudyhard.他知道他应该努力学习
2.宾语从句是一般疑问句时,用if或whether引导,if和whether意为“是否”如Heaskedmeif/whetherhecouldein.他问我他能否进来
3.宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,特殊疑问句中的疑问词就是引导词如Canyoutellmewhichclassyouarein你能告诉我你在哪个班吗?宾语从句的语序宾语从句是疑问句时,要用陈述语序
1.如果是由助动词dodoesdid构成的疑问句,在转换为宾语从句时,要去掉这些助动词,从句中的谓语动词要根据主句的时态做出相应的变化如“Doeshesingwell”theteacheraskedhim.→Theteacheraskedhimwhether/ifhesangwell.
2.如果是由behavewillcan等助动词、连系动词、情态动词构成的问句,在变为宾语从句时,需要把这类词还原到句中原来谓语的位置上,同时根据主句的时态做相应的变化如Sheaskedme“Willyoubefreetomorrow”→SheaskedmeifIwouldbefreetomorrow.宾语从句的时态
1.在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时,宾语从句中谓语动词一般也要用过去的某种时态如
①Heaskedwhentheywouldgototheparty.他问他们什么时候将去参加聚会
②MissGreensaidshehadbeentoBeijingbefore.格林小姐说她以前去过北京
2.在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,当主句的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时,宾语从句的时态不受主句限制,可根据情况选用合适的时态如
①Doyouknowwhenwe’llhaveafootballmatch你知道我们什么时候举行足球赛吗?
②YouknowhehasgonetoShanghai.你知道他已经去上海了
3.当宾语从句表述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯动作以及格言等时,其时态不受主句限制,都用一般现在时如Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.老师告诉我们光比声音传播的速度要快注Couldyoutellme.../Wouldyoutellme...等句式并不是表示过去时态,而是表示客气请求的语气,所以宾语从句不一定用过去时态,应用相应的某种时态宾语从句的否定转移当主句的主语是第一人称I或we,且谓语动词是thinkbelievesupposeexpect等时,宾语从句的否定式常常转移到主句上,即“否定前移”如
①Idon’tbelievetheyhavefinishedtheirworkyet.我相信他们还没有完成工作
②Idon’tthinkhecanspeakEnglish.我认为他不会讲英语注这种否定转移的宾语从句变为反意疑问句时,疑问部分的主语、谓语要与从句保持一致如Idon’tthinkheisrightishe我认为他不对,是吗?【活学活用】A)根据汉语提示完成句子
1.—I’dliketovisitKatetomorrow.Doyouknow____________________(她住哪里)—SorryIdon’tknowheraddresseither.B)根据句意或用所给词的适当形式填空
2.Theteacherisstandinghere.Doyouknowwhenshe__________(e)
3.(xx·杭州中考)Nobodyknows__________itwillfinishitsjourney.Itmightbelongerthanexpected.
4.Untilnowtheyhaven’tdecided__________theyshouldbuildtherailwayornot.
5.Whatanicepaperfish!Canyoushowus__________youmakeit定语从句概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词用法关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都要充当句子成分当关系代词充当动词的宾语时可省略;当关系代词充当介词的宾语且介词不在关系代词之前的,关系代词也可省略如Theperson(whom)youjustspoketoisMr.Li.刚刚跟你说话的人是李先生定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数要和先行词保持一致如Thegirlwhoisstandingthereismysister.站在那边的那个女孩是我妹妹引导词
1.who引导的定语从句who在从句中作主语或宾语,修饰的是人如Ilovesingerswhowritetheirownmusic.我喜欢自己创作乐曲的歌手
2.whose引导的定语从句whose在从句中作定语,可以指人,也可以指物如Doyouknowthegirlwhosefatherisateacher你认识那位她父亲是老师的女孩吗?
3.which引导的定语从句which在从句中作主语或作谓语动词和介词的宾语,只能指无生命的东西如Thestory(which)hetoldwasveryinteresting.他讲的故事很有趣
4.that引导的定语从句that在从句中可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或作谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后面作介词的宾语如Ilovemoviesthatarefunny.我喜欢滑稽的电影几种必须用that引导定语从句的情况
1.先行词是不定代词somethingnothinganything等如Iwanttodosomething(that)Ienjoy.我想做点我喜欢的事
2.先行词被序数词、thelast或形容词的最高级所修饰如ThefirstthingthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.我永远不会忘记我学的第一件事
3.先行词被allanyeveryeachfewlittlemuchnosome等修饰如Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.我已经读完了你给我的所有书
4.先行词被theonly,thevery修饰如ThisistheverypenthatIamlookingfor.这就是我在找的钢笔
5.先行词既有人又有物时如Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.他们聊了他们记得的人和事
6.当句中已有who或which时,为避免重复如WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoJohn跟约翰说话的那个人是谁?
7.如有两个定语从句,其中一个已经用了which,则另一个用that如Edisonbuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseen.爱迪生建了一座工厂来生产一些从来没有见过的东西表示人时,只可用who引导定语从句的场合
1.指人时,当先行词为everybodyanybodyeveryoneanyone等时要用who,而不用that如Isthereanyonewhocananswerthisquestion有人会回答这个问题吗?
2.指人时,当先行词为thatthisthose或these等时要用who如Thosewhohadn’tboughttheticketsforthetraincrowdedinthewaitinghall.那些还没买着火车票的人挤在候车厅里关系副词引导定语从句的具体用法关系副词主要有表示时间的when,表示地点的where,表示原因的why如
①October11949wasthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子
②Thisisthehotelwherewestayedlastyear.这是我们去年住过的旅馆
③ThereasonwhyI’mwritingistotellyouaboutapartyonSaturday.我写信给你的理由是想告诉你关于周六聚会的事【活学活用】用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1.Iwillneverforgettheday__________wespentintheoldtown.
2.Iwillneverforgettheday__________wemetforthefirsttime.
3.“Underground”istheonlywordintheEnglishlanguage__________beginsandendswiththeletters“und”.
4.Rosedoesn’tknowwhatsheorherfriendscandotohelpthelittleboy__________parentshavelefthometownformakingmoney.
5.Thisisoneofthemostwonderfulbooks__________Ihaveeverread.
6.Doyouknowtheman__________istalkingtoMissWu当堂检测
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.Thedaywelookedforwardto__________(e)atlast.
2.Ifyoudon’tlikethedrinkyou__________(order)justleaveitandtryadifferentone.
3.Tomaskediftheearth__________(go)aroundthesun.
4.IhearthatTom__________(be)hereforaweek.
5.AllthebooksIhave__________(list)here.
二、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1.(xx·杭州中考)Manymorepeoplecouldaffordthebooks__________wereproducedonaprintingpress.
2.Isthistheplace__________yourfatheroncelived
3.I’llneverforgetthedays__________IjoinedtheLeague.
4.Helikestoreadbooks__________arewrittenbyforeignwriters.
5.Those__________wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7:00tomorrow.
三、选词填空(xx·湖州市南浔区中考模拟)选择方框内的单词完成下列句子,使句子通顺、正确每词限用一次A.trulyB.customersC.amongD.imagineE.internationalF.either
1.Onweekendsthesupermarketisusuallyfullof.
2.March8is__________Women’sDay.Wecandosomethingforourmother.
3.Youcan__________howregretfulhewasafterdoingsuchasillything.
4.I__________feelsorryaboutyourgreatlossofyourgrandmother.
5.Mr.White__________watchesTVorreadsanewspaperintheevening.
6.Nanxunis__________themostbeautifulancienttownsinChina.
四、任务型阅读(xx·新昌中考模拟)阅读下面文章,然后从文后所给的A—D四个选项中选择正确的选项(其中有一项是多余选项),将其序号填入1—3小题,并回答4和5两小题ForaChinesekidpublishing(出版)abookinEnglishisquiteabigchallenge.ButYangNianhuia15-year-oldstudentfromBeijinghasdoneso.1__________TheVampiresofLorania.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPresshaspublishedit.Itistheirfirsttimetopublishahighschoolstudent’sworkindependently.InYang’s60000-wordnovelshedescribesavampirekingdomcalledLorania.AbravegirlnamedRoseandaChineseboyfightwithbadguystokeepLoraniapeaceful.2__________.Ittellsreaders“Aheroisonewhochoosestostayandfightforwhatisrightevenifheisafraid.”YangstudiesattheHighSchoolAffiliatedwithRenminUniversityofChina.Shehasspentfiveyearsworkingonthebook.AsabigfanofEnglishYangenjoysreadingoriginalnovelsandwatchingTVseriesinEnglish.Sheisespeciallyinterestedinfantasynovels.WhenshewasinGrade5shereadTheChroniclesofNarniabyUSauthorC.S.Lewis.3__________.Withlittleexperienceshedidrunintosomeproblemslikehowtodesignthestory.“IreadmanyotherfantasynovelslikeTwilightandTheLordoftheRingstolearnsomethings.AndIkeptchangingandimprovingmydraftagainandagain”shesaid.Yangishappyaboutpublishingherfirstbook.“Itgivesmeachancetoexpressmyideas”shesaid.Shehasalreadystartedwritingasequel(续集)toherbook.A.ItdiscussesthemeaningofheroismfromtheviewofateenagerB.ShewantedtolearnhowtotellthestoryC.ItencouragedhertowriteherownnovelD.ShewroteanEnglish-languagefantasynovel
4.HowlongdidittakeYangNianhuitopletethebook__________________________________________________
5.DoyoulikewritingWhyorwhynot(不少于5个单词)____________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案课堂突破宾语从句
1.whereshelives
2.came
3.when
4.whether
5.how定语从句
1.that/which
2.when
3.that
4.whose
5.that
6.who/that当堂检测
一、
1.came【解析】句意为“我们期待的日子终于到来了”welookedforwardto是定语从句,修饰theday
2.ordered
3.goes
4.hasbeen
5.arelisted【解析】句意为“我拥有的所有书都被列在这儿了”Ihave是定语从句,修饰books
二、
1.that/which
2.where
3.when
4.that/which
5.who
三、1—
5.BEDAF
6.C
四、1—
3.DAC
4.Fiveyears./Ittookherfiveyearstopleteit.
5.YesIdo.Becauseitgivesmeachancetoexpressmyideas.。