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2019-2020年高中英语Unit1Friendship定语从句学案新人教版必修1IⅠ、学习目标(学生)掌握好定语从句的基础理论,为以后的全面学习做好充分准备Ⅱ、重难点关系代词及副词的选择和辨析具体要点1.定语从句的概念及关系词的使用;2.只能用that或只能用which的情况;3.which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别;4.whose的用法及转换形式;5.介词+关系代词中介词的选用及位置介词短语和动词短语;6.定语从句中的特殊情况课前预习1定语从句的概念:在句中修饰________或________并且充当________的句子叫做定语从句2定语从句必须有__________词和____________词3关系代词6个:__________________________________________________.关系副词3个:___________________________.4关系代词和关系副词的用法归纳关系词充当的成分指代人或物是否可以省略关系代词thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas关系副词whenwherewhy课内探究1.用that不用which的情况总结that在限制性定语从句中既可指人又可指事或物,which只能指代事或物;两者都可以作主语或宾语,但是在下列情况下,只能用that来引导定语从句1先行词是allmuchfewlittleeverythinganythingnothing等不定代词时例如Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuy2先行词被allfewlittlemucheverysomeno等不定代词修饰或被theonlytheveryjustthethelast等限定词修饰时例如Theseareallthepictures________Ihaveseen.Thisistheverydictionary_______isofgreathelp.3先行词既指人又指物时例如Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthethingsandthepersons_________theycouldrememberatschool.4关系代词在定语从句中作表语时例如Ourschoolisnottheone________itusedtobe.5先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时例如ThisisthebestEnglishfilm__________Ihaveeverseen.ThefirstEnglishnovel__________IreadwasATaleofTwoCities.6主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句时,为了避免重复关系代词不要再用who或which例如Whoisthegirl_________isstandingunderthetreeWhichisthemachine_________weusedlastSunday即时跟踪训练
1.Isthatall______Icandoforyou
2.Wearereadytodoanything______isofsomehelptoothers.
3.Thefirstnovel_________IreadisanEnglishnovel.
4.Weknownothingaboutthedoctorsandthehospitals________youaretalkingabout.
5.Whoistheboy__________washerejustnow
6.Heistheonlyperson_______Iwanttotalkto.AwhichBthatCwhomDwho2.用which不用that的情况总结1非限制性定语从句不能用that引导;2)介词+which/whom中,介词后不能用that或who即时跟踪训练1Patience______youcan’tdotheworkwellisakindofquality.A.withoutwhichB.withwhichC.inwhichD.withoutthat2Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows________________其中大多数hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.3Hereadsanarticleeverydayafterdinner_________Ithinkisagoodhabit.3.which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别:aswhich均可以引导非限制性定语从句;as引导的非限制性定语从句仅指代一件事(代指整个主句的内容),放在句首、插入句中或放在句末都可以;which引导非限制性定语从句时可指代一个先行词也可以指代一件事(代指前面整个主句的内容)另外,as引导定语从句翻译成“正如、正像,像…一样”,而which及其它的引导词都没有实意as的固定搭配如下:thesame…as…such/so…as…asisknowntoall众所周知asisseen/canbeseen正如大家所看到的那样asisexpected正如人们所期望的那样ashasbeensaidbefore正如以前所说的那样asismentionedabove正如上面所提及到的那样asisoftenthecase这是常有的事asispointedout正如所指出的那样即时跟踪训练1_________isknowntoeveryonethemoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.2Hewonthegame__________madeusexcited.4.whose的用法及转换形式:1whose必须后面接__________,而后再接从句;2在定语从句中,whose+n.=the+n.+_______________/_________=_______________/_________+the+n.即时跟踪训练Shehesitatedtobuytheblouse_______(其价格)hadbeenhigherthanexpected.分析在该题目的空格处还可填写_____________/___________________/_________________5.介词+which/whom中介词的选用及位置介词短语和动词短语:在定语从句中,引导词除了关系代词和关系副词之外,还有一类特殊的引导词,那就是介词+which/whom例如That’sthereason_____________________hewaslateforschool.Thisisthebook____________________Ispent8yuan.总结介词+which/whom只引导定语从句,其中介词的选择遵循的原则是________________.方法一结合先行词,例如具体哪一天用on,某年、月用in方法二看从句谓语动词缺少什么介词,如,talkwithsbaboutsthspent…on…方法三看习惯搭配,如infrontoftakecareofbeburiedinbeconcernedabout等即时跟踪训练1Inthedarkstreettherewasn’tasingleperson_______shecouldturnforhelp.A.inwhichB.towhomC.withwhichD.ofwhom2Thecoursenormallyattracts20studentsperyear_______uptohalfwillbefromabroad.A.inwhichB.towhomC.withwhichD.ofwhom3Lincoln_______lifewasoncehardwereelectedPresidentofAmerican.A.forwhomB.whoC.towhomD.which另外,还有一种特殊的情况,那就是介词+whose+n.引导定语从句,如Aflooddrownedthewholevillage________________effectthepeoplethereweresuffering.6.关系副词与介词+which的转换when介词(in/at/during….)+whichwhere介词(in/at/on/under….)+whichwhyforwhich即时跟踪训练1Isthisthehouse________/_______________Shakespearewasborn2Doyouremembertheafternoon________/______________wefirstmetthreeyearsago3Thereason_______/______________hewaslatewasthathemissedthetrain
7.定语从句的谓语动词和______________保持单复数一致Iwho_________yourfriendwillhelpyou.@oneof+the+n.__________+关系词+谓语动词___________@theonly/first/bestone+of+the+n__________+关系词+谓语动词____________即时跟踪训练1TheGreatWallisoneofthegreatbuildingsthat_________visitors.2TheGreatWallistheonlyoneofthegreatbuildingsthat__________visitors.draw/draws
8.way和time作先行词时的关系词选择@Theway____________________heexplainedatthemeetingwaseasy.@Ihatetheway_____________________youtreathim.theway从句缺宾语用_____________________或_________________theway从句缺状语用_____________________或_________________theway从句缺主语用_____________________次数that,可省略;如:Thisisthefirsttime_______IhavevisitedBeijing.time时间when,或介词at/during/…+which;如:Thereisatime______Ihatedmaths.
9.在定语从句中as的用法1作主语、宾语或者表语;2有含义,翻译成“正如、正像,像…一样”,而其它引导词没有具体含义;3在限制性定语从句中,必须出现such或者thesame时才可以使用as去引导定语从句;所以同学们应该特别注意“题眼”——such或thesame;4as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活,可以放在句首,可以插入主句中,也可以放在句末而其它所有的定语从句的引导词没有这个特权此外,要注意这两个短语的区别such/so…as….such/so…that…as引导____________从句,在从句中作____________________;that引导_____________从句,在从句中___________________.即时跟踪训练Heissolovelyaboysuchalovelyboy___________welikehim.__________welike.
10.特别强调定语从句的省略在定语从句中,that、which、who或whom作_______时可以省略但是在非限制性定语从句中,which、who、whom不能省略,在介词+which/whom中,which或whom不能省略所有从句都得用____________语序;所有从句的引导词都在________中作成分在定语从句中,有一类词表示模糊地点,如point地步,situation情况、情形,case情况,情形,scene场景、境地,position位置;职位,activity活动,process过程,spot(地点),job工作等等
①Theyhavereachedthepointtheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.
②Thereisonepointwemustinsiston.切记选择关系代词还是关系副词不是取决于先行词是什么样的名词,而是取决于先行词在定语从句中所充当的成份例如Istillremembertheday1IfirstcametoBeijing.2IspentwithyouinBeijing.定语从句课后训练
一、定语从句专项练习1.Ithinkyou’regottothepoint_______achangeisneededotherwiseyou’llfail.A.when B.that C.where D.which2.Thehours_______thechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwithtelevisionpeopleundoubtedlyaffecttheirrelationshipswithreal-lifepeople.A.when B.that C.inwhich D.onwhich3.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes________peoplewereeatenbythetiger.A.that B.bywhich C.which D.inwhich4.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers______shehadwipedherhands.A.where B.which C.when D.that5.______isoftenthecasewehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.Which B.When C.What D.As6.______isreportedinthenewspapertalksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.It B.As C.That D.What7.Therearemanypeople_________onlyon-lineactivityissendingandreceivinge-mails.A.who B.that C.which D.whose8.EBayAmazonandWallMartarepopularwebsites_______peoplecansellgoodstoeachother.A.where B.which C.when D.whose9.Onhis10thbirthday.Martymanagestoescapefromthezooandgetsontothesubway_____hebelievesthathecangotothewild.A.which B.fromwhat C.throughwhich D.that10.Ihope_______thelittle______Ihavebeenabletodohasbeenofsomeuse.A.that;that B./;bywhich C.what;what D./;withwhich11.Thefarmersusewoodtobuildahouse______tostoregrainsalltheyeararound.A.withwhich B.towhich C.which D.inwhich12.Thiswasafilm_______Spielbergusedrealactorsinsteadoftoys.A.which B.when C.inwhich D.there13.Thethoughtofgoinghometohisfamilywasall_______kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.A.that B.what C.those D.which14.Acontainerweighsmoreafterairisputin_______provesthatairhasweight.A.as B.it C.that D.which15.—CanyoutellmewherePeterlives—Overthere.Thetwostoreyhouse______thereisagarden.A.nearit B.fromwhich C.infrontofit D.infrontofwhich16.MissGreentookupthestoryatthepoint______thethiefhadjustmadeoffwiththejewels.A.where B.which C.as D.when17.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp—Thereisnooneelse_______isthereA.whototurnto B.shecanturnto C.forwhomtoturn D.forhertoturn18.TheyearbeforelastpartofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloodsfrom_____effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.A.that B.whose C.those D.what19.Nowadaysteenagersliketogotofastfoodrestaurants______asthenamesuggestseatingdoesn’ttakemuchtime.A.who B.where C.which D.what20.LaterIwanttoreturnhomebutcouldn’tfindapany________Icoulduse_____Ihadlearnt.A.where;that B.where;what C.when;what D.that;that21.Governmentreportslegalpapersandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituations____Englishisused.A.when B.that C.how D.where22.Wehopethemeasurestocontrolhouseprices,________aretakenbythegovernmentwillsucceed.A. which B.when C.since D.as23.Theboytheteachersconsidered_______failedinthefinalexam_______surprisedthemverymuch.A.tobethebest;which B.asthebeststudent;that C.tohavebeenstudyingwell;it D.suchasagoodstudent;which24.Thepresidenttogetherwithhisbodyguards_______tothenuclearstation_______therewasanaccident20minutesago.A.havee;which B.came;inwhich C.hase;where D.e;inwhich25.Isthereagasstationaround______IcangetsomepetrolA.which B.what C.whereD.that26.Therewas________time________Ihatedtogotoschool.A.a;that B.a;when C.the;that D.the;when27.Itwasintheveryhouse_______wasbuiltwithstones_______hespenthischildhood.A.that;that B.that;where C.which;that D.which;where28.ThesewildflowersaresospecialthatIwoulddo_______I_______them.A.what;cansave B.allwhat;cantosave C.what;cantosave D.everything;cansave29.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedinthecountrywithfarmers________hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;which B.when;which C.which;that D.when;who
30.Justlikeavoyageatseaourlifejourney_______daysarelimitedisfullofdifficulties.A.that B.which C.it D.whose
二、定语从句难点总结辨析
一、强调句型与定语从句
1.“Wheredidyoufindtheprofessorwhomadethespeechyesterday”“Itwasinthehall______thestudentsoftenhaveameeting.”A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when
2.Itwasinthesmallhouse________wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather_______hespenthischildhood.A.whichthatB.thatwhichC.whichwhichD.thatwhere
3.Itwastheboy_____hadbeeninprison_____stolethemoney.A.whowhereB.thathowC.whothatD.thatwhich
4.Itwasjustintheroom_____hewasborn_____hedied.A.wherewhichB.thatthatC.wherethatD.whichthat
5.---HaveyouseenthefilmUndertheHawthornTree---OfcourseIhave.Itwasinourvillage______itwasmade.A.thatB.whereC.whenD.which
二、定语从句与强调句型解题陷阱
1.Thefactorywasbuiltinasecretplacearound________highmountains.A.whichwasB.itwasC.whichwereD.themwere
2.---Wheredidyougettoknowhim---Itwasonthefarm_________myfatherworked.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.as
三、选关系代词、关系副词时要考虑所属关系
1.Theschoolshop_______customersaremainlystudentsisclosedfortheholidays.A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where
2.Iamgratefultomyhighschoolteacherswithout_______helpIwouldn’tbesoexcellent.A.whomB.themC.whichD.whose
三、小试牛刀1)Wearelivinginanagemanythingsaredoneonputer.2)
①IcanthinkofmanycasesstudentsobviouslyknowalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldntwriteagoodessay.
②Icanthinkofmanycasesyouknownothingabout.
四、高考链接1.Mozart’sbirthplaceandthehouseheposedTheMagicFlutearebothmuseumsnow.A.whoseB.whenC.whereD.which2.Lifeislikealongracewepetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where3.—WhatdoyouthinkofteachingBob—IfinditfunandChallenging.Itisajobyouaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that4.IhavereachedapointinmylifeIamsupposedtomakedecisionofmyown.A.whichB.whereC.howD.why5.Itshelpfultoputchildreninasituationtheycanseethemselvesdifferently.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where6.OccasionsarequiterareIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.A.whoB.whichC.whyD.whenE.where7.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivitysightmattersmorethanhearing.A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where
五、定语从句与强调句型及其他从句的综合考查(要领分析句子成份,确定哪个空是强调句式的that;哪个空是定语从句的引导词)1)Itwasonthefarmhespenthischildhoodhelearnedhowtogrowvegetables.A.where;thatB.which;whenC.that;thatD.which;which2)It’sonthefestivaloccasionsthefamilygettogetherhemisseshislatefather.A.where;thatB.which;whenC.when;thatD.that;when3)—WheredidyouseeMrSmiththismorning—Itwasinthehotelhestayed.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.What。