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2019-2020年高中英语Unit3UnderstandingeachotherReading教案牛津译林版选修6Inmanyaspectsofourlifeweoftendividetheworldintotwoparts:theeasternoneandthewesternone.TheformerusuallyreferstoAsiaandthelatterincludesmainlyEuropeNorthAfricaandAmerica.Wedividelikethisnotonlybecauseofthegeographicallocationdifferencesbutalsoduetotheculturaldifferencestoalargeextent.Inthefollowingpartsyou’llseesuchdifferencesfromthecausestothecustomsofthetwosidesnowadays.PartIWhatleadstotheculturaldifferenceTheculturesoftheEastandtheWestreallydistinguisheachotheralot.Thisisbecausetheculturesystemsaretwoseparatesystemsonthewhole.Theoriginoftheeasternculturesismainlyfromtwocountries:ChinaandIndia.Bothofthetwoculturesaregestatedbyrivers.InChinathemotherriveristheYellowRiverwhiletheIndianoneistheHinduRiver.Thesetwoculturesweredevelopedforseveralthousandyearsandformedtheirownstyles.TheninDangDynastyofChinatheChineseculturegraduallywentoverseastoJapanmixedintotheJapanesesocietyandshapedtheJapaneseculturenowadays.ThoughabitdifferentfromtheChineseoneitbelongstothesamesystem.WhenthetwomotherriversgavebirthtotheeasterncultureanotherfamousculturewasbroughtupontheMesopotamianPlain----theMesopotamianCivilization.ThiscivilizationlaterondevelopedintotheculturesoftheAncientGreeceandAncientRome.Andthesetwoarewell-knownasthebaseoftheEuropeanculture.LiketheChineseculturetheEuropeanonealsocrossedwaters.WhenthecolonistsofEnglandsettleddowninAmericatheirculturewentwiththemovertheAtlanticOcean.SotheAmericanculturedoesntdistinguishfromtheEuropeanonealot.Atthesametimethedifferenceofthelanguagesystemsaddstotheculturaldifferences.IntheEastmostlanguagesbelongtothepictographiclanguageseethepicturebelowwhiletheWesternlanguagesaremostlybasedontheLatinsystemforexampletheoneI’musingtowritethispaper.Otherfactorslikehumanracedifferencecountsaswell.Butwhat’smoreduetothefardistanceandthesteepareasbetweentheEastandWestthetwoculturesseldommunicateuntilrecentcenturies.Sotheygrewuptotallyintheirownwayswithalmostnointerferencefromtheotherpictographiccharacters PartIIHowdifferentlydopeoplebehaveindailylifeThedifferencesareeverywhere.Theyaffectpeople’swaysofthinkingandtheirviewsoftheworld.Evenineverydaylifetheculturaldifferencesshowupfromthemomenttheeyesareopenedtotheminutethedreamsareinvited.InthefollowingI’llgivesometypicalexampleofthedifferences. Section1:GreetingGreetingisthefirststeptoformaculturebecausepeoplebegintomunicatewithothers.Theindividualsbeeamunity.HowdoweChinesegreeteachotherInformallyifwemeetanfriendinthestreetweareusedtosay:“Hihaveyouhadyourmeal”or“Whereareyougoing”.Whenitisthecaseoftwogentlementheytendtoshakehands.Howeverinthewesterncountriestheabovequestionsarejustquestionsnotgreetingatall.Theymaythinkyou’reinvitingthemtodinnerifyouaskabouttheirmeals.Usuallythey’lljustgiveeachotherasmileorgreetwitha“Hi.”.They’llshakehandsonlyinsomeformalsituations.BythewayWesternerscanleaveapartyormeetinghallswithoutaformalcongenorshouldtheyshakehandswitheveryattendeelikemostofuswilldohere. Section2:ExpressinggratitudeThinkofthesituationsbelow.Yourmotherisbusyinthekitchen.Shesuddenlyasksyoutofetchabowlforher.Youdoso.What’llyourmother’sresponsebeProbablyshe’lljustcontinuedoingthecooking.Afterawhilethedinnerisready.Yourmotherhandsyouyourbowlofrice.What’syourresponseProbablyjustbegintoeat.That’swhatIwanttosay.InChinesefamilieswerarelysay“Thankyou”tootherfamilymembersforreceivinghelporservice.Neitherwillwesaysobetweengoodfriends.It’ssuchanunpopularresponsethatifyousayitthecounterpartwillthinkyouaretreatinghimasastrangerotherwiseyouarelackingofintimacy.ButintheWestthankyouisoneofthemostfrequentlyusedsentences.Teacherswillthankastudentforansweringaquestion;husbandswillthankhiswifeformakingacoffee.Howeverasaninterestingphenomenonit’sacustomtosaythankyouinJapan.NomatterinfamilyoramongfriendsJapanesechronicallyuseitalltheday.Thisisprobablytheaberranceoftheculture. Section3DiningThewayspeopleeatthatisthetablemannerreallydistinguishalot.Thereasonforthisisprobablybecauseofthedifferentdiningtoolsandmenus.EasternersusechopsticksorsometimesevengraspricestraightlywithhandsasIndiansdo.Thethinandlongchopstickscannotbeusedtocutfoodsoweusuallyuseourteethtoactasknives.Weholdourfoodmeatorvegetablewiththechopstickssendthemtothemouthsbiteoffapartofitandremaintheotherpartonthechopsticks.That’stheusualwayweeat.Wearealsousedtoholdupourbowlswhenhavingriceorsoup.Japaneseholdbowlstohavemisosoupwithoutspoons.ButallthesehabitsareconsideredrudeintheWesterncountries.TheetiquetteintheWestrequeststhatwheneatingbowlsandplatescannotleavethetables.Foodshouldbecutbyknivestofitintothemouths.Ofcourseyourmouthcannottouchtheplatesorbowls.Sotheregularprocessislikethis.Youcutyoursteakontheplatewithforkandknifesendthemeatcubeintothemouthwithforkandnothingwillbereturnedbackbuttheforkalone. Section4SymbolizingSymbolizationishowpeopleimagineorregardsomething.Itactuallyreflectsthewaypeoplethink.HereI’llonlydiscusssomesymbolizationthatfrequentlyappearsindailylife.Firstisaboutthecolors.Weoftengiveeachcolorsomemeaningsbecausewefeeldifferentlywhenfacingdifferentcolors.Sopeoplealwayshavepreferencewhenchoosingcolorsofclothesdecorationsetc.IntheAPECsummitheldinShanghaiseveralyearsagointhelastdaythepresidentsfromallovertheworldworethetraditionalChineseDangsuitsandtookaphototogether.Thecolorsofthesuitswerechosenbythemselvesfreely.Howeverit’squiteinterestingtofindthatmostEasternerschoseredwhilemostofthewesternerspreferredblue.Toexplainthisit’seasytorealizethatwhatredmeansisalmostoppositeintheEastandtheWest.Redmeansluckfortunehere.WeChineseoftenusethiscolortodecorateinfestivalssuchasredlanternsredChinesenodesredbangers.ButredstandsforbloodrevolutionsintheWest.Sothepresidentsavoidedwearingthisunluckycolor.Anotherinterestingdiscoveryisaboutthedragons.IntheEast,dragonsareimaginedassomethinglikesnakeandareflowingintheskyformostofthetime.Thedragonissaidtohavethefaceofthehorsethehornsofthedeertheearsoftheoxthebodyofthesnaketheclawsoftheeagleandsquamaofthefish.WeregarddragonasGodandsaythatweChinesearetheoffspringofthedragon.TheGodofDragonsofthefourseascanchargetherainfallssowesometimesalsocallthemtheGodofthewaterorrain.ButintheWestpeoplethinkdragonsasdinosaurswhichcanstandonthegroundwithfeetandflywithhugewings.Theylayeggsjustlikedinosaurs.ThedragonsoftheWesthavetheabilitytoeruptfireinsteadofwater.Thefirecandestroyeverythingsothedragonsarenotweledatall.TheyevenbeethesymboloftheDevil. PartIIIWhatcanwedototreattheculturegapNowwehaveseenthatthereexistssuchahugegapbetweeneasterncultureandwesternone.ThenwhatshouldwedotofacethisgapinthegraduallyglobalizingworldFirstlywecannotdenyanyofthecultures.Everynationhasitsowncharacteristicsandit’smainlythroughitsculturethatwefirstbegintoknowthenationanditscharacteristics.Sowecannotsaythatthiscultureorcustomisrightandthatiswrong.Equalrespectshouldbeattachedtoeverycultureintheworldeventothosethatarenotinexistenceanymore.Nextweshouldgettolearnhowtocoordinatethedifferentcultures.Wesaytheworldisbeingsmallerandsmaller.Moreforeignerseandgoeveryday.Whenitisinthesamecountrythesamecitythesameneighborhoodtheculturalcollisionisexpectedtobemoreserious.Soweshouldtrytoavoidthishappening.Oneimportantthingistogetsomebasicknowledgeabouttheotherculturessoasnottomisunderstandsomeactionsorhabitsoftheforeigners.Whentheabovetwoisdonewecanstarttomunicate.Imeanwecantakeinsomestrongpointsfromtheforeigncultures.Thoughtheredoesn’texistcorrectnessintermsofcultureitdoeshavethetermsofmoreadvancedormoresuitablefortheworldnowadays.Ofcoursewecannotthrowawayourowncultureandacceptanotheronetotally.EverycultureisatreasuretothehistoryoftheEarthsoweshouldonlypickoutthosewelacktoperfectourown. Differentculturesaddthemostcolorfulelementtotheworldof21stcentury.Theculturalgapshouldnotbetheobstacletothecivilizationofhumanbeing.Itoughttobethemotivationofourgoingfarther. Section1:GreetingGreetingisthefirststeptoformaculturebecausepeoplebegintomunicatewithothers.Theindividualsbeeamunity.HowdoweChinesegreeteachotherInformallyifwemeetanfriendinthestreetweareusedtosay:“Hihaveyouhadyourmeal”or“Whereareyougoing”.Whenitisthecaseoftwogentlementheytendtoshakehands.Howeverinthewesterncountriestheabovequestionsarejustquestionsnotgreetingatall.Theymaythinkyou’reinvitingthemtodinnerifyouaskabouttheirmeals.Usuallythey’lljustgiveeachotherasmileorgreetwitha“Hi.”.They’llshakehandsonlyinsomeformalsituations.BythewayWesternerscanleaveapartyormeetinghallswithoutaformalcongenorshouldtheyshakehandswitheveryattendeelikemostofuswilldohere. 。