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2019-2020年高中英语Unit5NelsonMandelaWarmingGrammar导学案新人教版必修1TheAttributiveClause:wherewhenwhyprep.+which/whomAimsTohelpstudentslearnaboutattributiveclauseintroducedbywhenwherewhyandprep.+which/whomTohelpstudentsdiscoverandlearntousesomeusefulwordsandexpressionsTohelpstudentsdiscoverandlearntousesomeusefulstructuresProceduresI.WarmingupWarmingupbydiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionsTurntopage35anddoexercisesNo.1and
2.Checkyouranswersagainstyourclassmates’.II.Learningaboutgrammar
1.ReadingandthinkingTurntopage
34.ReadthetextofELISA’STORYandfindoutalltheattributiveclauses.Thinkoverthisquestion:Onwhatcircumstancedoweusewhen/where/whytointroducedanattributiveclause“Where”isusedwhentheantecedentreferstoaplaceand“when”isusedfortime.“Why“isusedwhentheantecedentis“why”.Forreference:ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.TheschoolwhereIstudiedonlytwoyearswasthreekilometersaway.ThiswasatimewhenyouhadgottoliveinBeijing.ThedaywhenNelsonMandelatoldmewhattodoandhelpedmewasoneofthehappiestdaysofmylife.Wehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.Thepartsoftownwheretheylivedwereplacesdecidedbywhitepeople.TheplaceswheretheyweresenttolivewerethepoorestareasinSouthAfrica.2paringanddiscoveringTurntopage
36.DoEx.
1.Thenparethefollowingsentencesandfindoutwhyweusedifferentwordstointroducetheattributiveclauseswhiletheantecedentsarethesame.Thegovernmentbuildingwherewevotedwasverygrand.Thegovernmentbuildingwhich/thatwepaidavisittoyesterdaywasverygrand.Thegovernmentbuildinginwhichwevotedwasverygrand.Insentenceaarelativeadverb“where”isusedbecauseitrefersto“inthegovernmentbuilding”whichservesastheadverbialintheattributiveclause.“inwhich”canalsobeusedasinsentencecbecauseitalsomeans“inthegovernmentbuilding”intheattributiveclause.Whileinsentencebarelativepronoun“which”isusedasitrefersto“thegovernmentbuilding”whichservesastheobjectofthepredicate“visited”intheattributiveclause.pareanotherthreesentences:ThedatewhenIarrivedwasthe5thAugust.Thedatewhich/thathetoldmewasthe5thAugust.ThedateonwhichIarrivedwasthe5thAugust.Insentenceaarelativeadverb“when”isusedbecauseitrefersto“onthatdate”whichservesastheadverbialintheattributiveclause.“inwhich”canalsobeusedasinsentencecbecauseitalsomeans“onthatdate”intheattributiveclause.Whileinsentencebarelativepronoun“which”isusedasitrefersto“thedate”servingastheobjectofthepredicate“told”intheattributiveclause.ReadthefollowingsentenceandfindoutThereasonwhyIgotajobwasbecauseofmyhardwork.Thereasonthat/whichhegaveforgettingthejobwasbecauseofhishardwork.ThereasonforwhichIgotajobwasbecauseofmyhardwork.Insentenceaarelativeadverb“why”isusedbecauseitrefersto“forthisreason”whichservesastheadverbialintheattributiveclause.“forwhich”canalsobeusedasinsentencecbecauseitalsomeans“forthisreason”intheattributiveclause.Whileinsentencebarelativepronoun“which/that”isusedasitrefersto“thereason”servingastheobjectofthepredicate“gave”intheattributiveclause.III.ReadyusedmaterialsforattributiveclauseDefinitions:Attributiveclause:Anattributiveclauseisaclausemodifyinganounorpronouninapoundsentence.Antecedent:Thewordbeingmodifiedbyanattributiveclauseiscalledtheantecedent.Relative:Thewordthatisusedtointroduceanattributiveclauseiscalledarelative.Therearetwokindsofrelativesi.e.relativepronounsincludingwhichthatwhowhomwhoseasetc.andrelativeadverbsincludingwherewhenandwhyetc.Note:Relativesplaysthreeimportantrolesinanattributiveclausei.e.introducinganattributiveclausereplacingtheantecedentinmeaningandfunctioningasasentenceelementintheattributiveclause.e.g.:ThegirlwhoistalkingtoMr.Lioverthereismysister.InthesentenceThegirlistheantecedentandwhoisusedtointroducetheattributiveclauseastheantecedentisaperson.Itwhoreferstothegirlandfunctionsasthesubjectintheattributiveclause.Thechoiceoftherelativesisthemostdifficultinlearningtheattributiveclause.Howevertherearesomerulesthatcanhelpuschoosethecorrectrelatives.Usuallywhichrelativetochoosedependsonwhattheantecedentisandwhatsentenceelementtherelativefunctionsintheattributiveclauseasshowninthefollowingchart:AntecedentRelativeSentenceelementpeoplewhothatsubjectobjectwhomobjectthingswhichthatsubjectobjecttimewhichthatsubjectobjectwhenprep.+whichadverbialplacewhichthatsubjectobjectwhereprep.+whichadverbialreasonwhyprep.+whichadverbialNote:relativescanbeomittediftheyservesastheobjectsintheattributiveclauses. Ifarelativefunctionsastheobjectofaprepositionintheattributiveclausetheprepositioncanusuallybeplacedbeforetherelative.Inthissituationweuse“which”forthingsand“whom”forpeopleandtheycanneverbeomitted.Howeveriftheprepositionandaverbformasetphraseintheattributiveclausetheyshouldnotbeseparated:Theschoolwhich/thatheoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.Thisisthegirlwho/whomIwenttotheGreatWallwith.ThisisthegirlwithwhomIwenttotheGreatWall.Thesentence“Thisisthewatchwhich/thatyouarelookingfor.”cannotbechangedinto“Thisisthewatchforwhichyouarelooking.”because“lookfor”isasetphrase.Nowturntopage36andlet’sdoEx.2and
3.IV.ClosingdownbydoingaquizToendtheperiodyouaregoingtotakeaquizonattributiveclause.Choosethebestanswer:
1.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.which C.that D.it
2.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.that D.when
3.Thehouse______weliveisnotlarge.A.whichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.atwhich
4.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase_____wasveryreasonable.A.whichprice B.thepriceofwhichC.itsprice D.thepriceofwhose
5.HelivedinLondonfor3monthsduring____timehelearnedsomeEnglish.A.this B.which C.atwhichD.some
6.Iwillneverforgettheday_____hecametoseeme.A.that B.which C.atwhich D.when
7.Thevisitoraskedtheguidetotakehispicture_____standsthefamoustower.Athat B.where C.which D.there
8.Thestudents____departmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolookdownuponwomen.A.inwhich B.inthat C.inwhose D.whose
9.Idon’tlike_____youspeaktoher.A.theway B.thewayinthat C.thewaywhich D.thewayofwhich
10.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella._______Igotwetthrough.A.It’sthereason B.That’swhyC.There’swhy D.It’sh
1.where表示地点,只能跟在表地点或场合的名词后,在定语从句中只能作地点状语注意where不在从句中作主语或宾语It’soneofthefewcountrieswherepeopledriveontheleft.Thinkofaplacewherewecangofordinner.
2.when表示时间,只能跟在表时间的名词后,在定语从句中只能作时间状语Oct.11949wasthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub
3.why表示原因,通常跟在reason后引导定语从句,在定语从句中只能作原因状语Idon’tknowthereasonwhyshelooksunhappytoday.Thisisthereasonwhy=forwhichhecried.
4.介词+which/whom结构1当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常由“介词+which/whom”引导;关系副词有时也可以被此结构代替TomorrowIwillbringherethemagazinethat/whichyouaskedfor.=TomorrowIwillbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.2关系词whose常用“the+名词+ofwhich”或“ofwhich+the+名词”结构来代替Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomofwhichthedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.3“介词+which/whom”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词,表示部分与整体的关系Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.【注意】
1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.√ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.×
2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用thatThemanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.√Themanwiththatyoutalkedismyfriend.×【支招】如何判断关系代词与关系副词用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于关系词在从句中所作的句子成分,若关系词在从句中作状语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;若作宾语、主语或表语,则要求用关系代词1I’llneverforgetthedaysIworkedtogetherwithyou.2I’llneverforgetthedaysIspentinthecountryside.在句1中,要填的关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,所以填when;在句2中,要填的关系词在定语从句中作spent的宾语,所以应填that或whichⅠ.用where,which,when,why,whose填空
1.Dorothyalwaysspokehighlyofherroleintheplaywhichmadetheothersunhappy.
2.IshallneverforgetthedayswhenIlivedinthecountrywithmyparents.
3.Thefactorywherehisbrotherworksliesinthesouthofthecity.
4.Theytookcareoftheoldmanwhosesonlosthislifeinthefire.
5.Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.
6.Wevisitedafactorywhichmakestoysforchildren.
7.Wevisitedafactorywheretoysaremadeforchildren.
8.SummeristheseasonwhenIliketotravel.。