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2019-2020年高中英语Unit3lifeinthefuture第5课时导学案新人教版必修5学习内容过去分词作状语过去分词在英语学习中是较难掌握的语法知识,同时又是高考中的热点之一过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征过去分词作状语时,表示被动的或已完成的动作,在句中可作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随状语等掌握过去分词作状语可从以下几个方面考虑 一、理清过去分词作状语时与句子的主语的关系 1过去分词作状语时,过去分词与主句中的主语形成逻辑上的被动关系,有时也表示动作已完成例如 Seeninthedarknight,lightsontopoftallbuildingslooklikestarsinthesky.seen表示被动,分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生 Scoldedbytheteacher,thegirlbegantocry. 被老师责怪,女孩哭了起来scolded表示被动且动作已完成 【考例1】____intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.xx年上海卷 A.PutB.PuttingC.HavingputD.Beingput 【解析】选A主句主语thehotline与putintouse逻辑上是被动关系,排除B、C;D项表示正在进行的被动与句子意思不符所以用过去分词put短语作状语 2有些过去分词已经形成了系表结构,因此他们作状语时与主句的主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系,但仍然用过去分词形式例如 Lostinthought,shenearlyranintoatree. 陷入沉思,她差点撞到树上 lost意为“迷失的”,与逻辑主语连接起来相当于Becauseshewaslost…,作原因状语与lost类似的过去分词还有disappointed,dressed,determined,devoted,tired,exhausted,prepared,seated,caught等 【考例2】Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,____. A.exhaustedB.exhausting C.beingexhaustedD.havingexhausted 【解析】选Aexhausted意为“筋疲力尽的”,由过去分词演变成形容词作伴随状语 二、注意过去分词作状语时在句中的位置 作状语的过去分词或短语可置于句子的前、后或中间,但是必须用逗号隔开以便与主句分开 ThePEteacherstoodinthemiddleoftheplayground,surroundedbyagroupofstudents. 那位体育老师站在操场中间,被一群学生围着过去分词作伴随状语 【考例1】____bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.2004年辽宁卷 A.AttractingB.Attracted C.TobeattractedD.Havingattracted 【解析】选B句子的主语thegirl与attract是动宾关系或说是被动关系,所以要用过去分词短语作状语 三、掌握过去分词作状语与状语从句的变换 过去分词作状语在功能上相当于状语从句,在句中表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、让步等所以经常会遇到过去分词前带有once,when,while,if,asif,evenif,though,unless等连词,我们将这种结构看成在连词与过去分词之间省略了与主句相同的主语和系动词be例如 Oncepublished,thisbookwillbepopularwiththestudents.=Onceitispublished,thisbookwillbepopularwiththestudents.这本书一旦出版,它将会受到学生们的欢迎过去分词作时间状语注分词前once可省略 【考例1】____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall. A.pareB.Whenpared C.paringD.Whenparing 【解析】选B主句中的thebiggestocean与pare形成逻辑上的被动关系,因此要用过去分词 【考例2】Nomatterhowfrequently____,theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.xx广东卷 A.performedB.performing C.tobeperformedD.beingperformed 【解析】选A动词perform与句子的主语theworks是动宾关系,故要选过去分词performed,实际上相当于让步状语从句Nomatterhowtheyarefrequentlyperformed,… 四、独立主格结构 如果句中过去分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,这时必须在过去分词前加上主格的逻辑主语这就叫作独立主格结构例如 Thetownseenfromthehill,wecanseeitmoreclearly.=Ifthetownisseenfromthehill,wecanseeitmoreclearly. 如果从山上看这座城市,我们能看得更清楚 Everythingtakenintoconsideration,thepartywasasuccess. 将所有的事情考虑在内,晚会算是成功的 taken的逻辑主语不是theparty,所以添加其真正的主语everything 【考例1】Hesatsilently,____. A.eyesareclosedB.hiseyesclosing C.eyesclosedD.eyestoclose 【解析】选C眼睛闭着表示伴随状态,如果只用过去分词closed,则前后逻辑主语不一致,所以在其前面加上eyes作逻辑主语,eyesclosed还可用介词with引导,eyesclosed=withhiseyesclosed
1.Though____ofthedanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.A.warningB.towarnC.warnD.warned
2.____fromthispointofview,thequestionwillbeofgreatimportance.A.ConsideringB.ConsideredC.BeingconsideredD.Consider
3.____and____,theyranoutoftheroom.A.Beingexcited;happilyB.Exciting;happyC.Exciting;happilyD.Excited;happy
4.____deepdownintheearth,thedeadforestsrottedawayandbecamecoal.A.BuriedB.BuryingC.ToburyD.Beingburied
5.If____green,thedoormightlookmorebeautiful.A.paintB.paintedC.paintingD.topaint
6.Eva,____inCanada,livedandpracticedlawinAmerica.A.wasbornB.hewasbornC.althoughbornD.beingborn
7.Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,____pletelytotheoutsideworld.A.beinglostB.havinglostC.losingD.lost
8.Everything____itwasn’tabadholiday.A.consideringB.consideredC.toconsiderD.consider
9.____withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.A.TofaceB.HavingfacedC.FacedD.Facing
10.Whenfirst____tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced
11.____,theoldmanislivingahappylife.A.TakinggoodcareB.TakengoodcareC.HavingtakengoodcareD.Takengoodcareof
12.Hewassittingthere,____indeepthought. A.loseB.lostC.lossD.losing
13.Wearecertainthateverythingwillgowellas____. A.tobeplannedB.planned C.beingplannedD.havingbeenplanned
14.——What’swrong ——Iwanttoknowwhyyoudidn’tdoas____. A.tobetoldB.tellingC.toldD.toldto
15.When____,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear. A.pletedB.pleting C.beingpletedD.tobepleted
16. _______ more attention the tree could have grown better. 90’全国 A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given.
17. The puter center ________ last year is very popular among the students in this school93’全国 A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
18.________ in thought he almost ran into the car in front of him.96’全国 A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
19.______withsomuchtroublewefailedtopletethetaskontime.A.FacedB.FaceC.FacingD.face。