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2019-2020年高中英语unit4教案牛津译林版选修7IWelcometotheunitandwordpowerTeachingaims:Afterlearningthisperiodthestudentswillbeabletoknowdifferentmeansoftransportandtheirmainfunctions;comparetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofpublictransport;understanddifferentnamesofroads;enlargetheirvocabularyrelatedtotransportTeachingprocedures:Step1BrainstormingHaveafreetalktoreviewtheword“transport”suchas“Howdoyougotoschooleveryday?”“HowdidyougotoBeijingthissummer”andthencategorizethedifferentwaysthatwecantravelinaflowchartreferringtopage54wordpowerPartB.Step2SharinginformationanddiscussionDiscussthesixpicturesinthebookPage
49.Encouragethestudentstoexpresswhatisincludedin“publictransport”.AskstudentstohaveagroupdiscussionandmakeacomparisonamongallthemeansoftransportmentionedinthissectionBusesandCoachesBuseshaveroutes.Theypickupanddropoffpeopleatdifferentplacesontheroute.Itisapopularmeansoftransportwithinacity.Coachesarebusesthatcarrypeopleoverlongdistances.ShipsandaeroplanesShipswereapopularwaytotravelfromplacetoplaceinthe20thcentury.Aeroplanesareusedtotravelquicklyoverlongdistances.UndergroundtrainsTheUndergroundtrainshavebecomepopularincrowdedcities.high-speedtrainshigh-speedtrainsrunmuchfasterthannormaltrains.GroupDiscussion:Advantagesanddisadvantagesofthepopularmeansoftransportppt.15-20MeansoftransportAdvantagesDisadvantagesBusesorcoachescheapandconvenienteasilytrappedintrafficjams;notsocomfortableduringpeakhoursbecausetheyareusuallyverycrowded;causepollutionUndergroundfastandconvenient;producefewertrafficaccidents;comfortableExpensivetobuildShipscomfortablenotcomfortableforthosewhoareseasick;relativelyslow;thesafetyofthetripwouldbeaffectedbystormsaeroplanesfastandconvenient;relativelythesafestwayoftravelrelativelyexpensiveYourconclusion:WhydoyouthinkweneedallthesedifferenttypesoftransportDifferenttypesoftransportcanmeetdifferentcustomers’needs.Eachtypeoftransporthasitsownstrengthsandlimitations.Andundercertainconditionspeoplemayprefertouseoneratherthananotherone.Ienjoyridingmybicycleontheavenue.WhataboutyouStep3Wordpower—VocabularylearningAskstudentstoreadPartAonPage54understandingdifferenttypesofroads.Thenintheformof“QuestionandAnswer”studentsareaskedtospeakoutthesewords.Meanwhiletheteacherisexpectedtowritedownsomewordsontheblackboard.PicturesoflanesorpathsVerysmallroadsarecalledlanespathsorfootpasses.PicturesofmotorwaysfreewaysexpresswaysandhighwaysRoadswherecarscangoveryfastarecalledmotorwaysinBritainfreewaysorexpresswaysintheUSA.PicturesofflyoversRoadsthatgooverotherroadsareknownasflyoversoroverpasses.PicturesofunderpassesRoadsthatgothroughatunnelarecalledunderpasses.PicturesoftollroadsIfyouhavetopaytousetheroadstheyarecalledtollroads.PicturesofanintersectionandajunctionTheareawheremanyroadslinkupiscalledanintersectionorajunctionPictureofSpaghettiJunctionTheroadthatismadeupofmanyflyoversandintersectionsiscalledSpaghettiJunction.IntheUKthereissuchonenearBirmingham.Step4Wordpower―VocabularyusingAskstudentstoreadthepassageinPartCandcompletetheintroductionwiththewordslearntinPartAandBThenChecktheanswerswiththeclass.Studentsareaskedtoreadthewholepassage.Step5Wordpower—VocabularyextensionAskstudentsiftheyknowanyothervocabularyrelatedtotransport.Setasituationtointroducespecialexpressionsrelatedtousingtransport.ThengooverPartDandfillthebox.Step6HomeworkReviewwhatwelearnedtoday.WorkbookP130ReadingA.Languagepoints:
1.Lookatthesepicturesanddiscussthedifferentmeansoftransportandwhentheybecamepopular.P49means方法,手段,工具bymeansof依靠,凭借bynomeans决不,bythismeans通过这种方法Weneedtofindsomeothermeansoftransportation.Shetriedtoexplainbymeansofsignlanguage.Everymeanshasbeentiredoutbutitdoesn’twork.
2.Busedhaveroute.Theypickupanddropoffpeopleatdifferentplacesontheroute.P49公共汽车有固定的路线沿途在不同的地方让乘客上下车pickup捡起;用车接……;获得,学到,得到;好转,改进;使重新开始,继续;接受节目WhoseturnisittopickthechildrenupafterschoolIpickedupthekidsclothesthatwerelyingonthefloor.Iwenttopickupthephone/receiverbutithadstoppedringing.MyradiocanpickupFrance.Thenursehadpickeduptheinformationfromaconversationsheoverheard.dropoff(一个个)散去;走掉;让某人下车;下车Wedroppedourluggageoffatthehotelandwentsightseeing.Justdropmeoffatthestationplease.dropin顺便来访 dropinonsb/dropinatplacedropsb.aline写短信寄给某人dropbehind落后dropout中途放弃dropoutofcollege大学中途辍学
3.Themaglevtrainispoweredbymagnets.P49磁悬浮列车是由磁铁提供动力Powern.能力力量动力权力 havepoweroverbeyondone’powerPowerfuladj强大的, 强有力的Someanimalshavethepowertoseeinthedark.Powershouldbeusedwisely.vt.给…提供动力,用动力发动Busesandtrucksareusuallypoweredbydieselengines.Inthefutureelectricitywillbeusedtopowerroadvehicles.ratherthan/rather…than……与其说….倒不如说…otherthan除了orrather更确切地说Heisrathermyfriendthanmyteacher.IthinkTomratherthanyouistoblame.Ican’tdootherthanobey.Youcan’tgettotheislandotherthanbyboat.NocountryotherthanBritaincanoneexperiencefourseasonsinaday.I’llmeethimorratherI’llaskhimtomeetme.ReadingThefirstundergroundintheworldTeachingaims:letstudentsgetsomeinformationaboutthefirstundergroundintheworld;letstudentsknowhowtogetgeneralideaofeachparagraphwiththehelpofsomekeywords;letstudentsknowhowtoreadtouristbrochure;letstudentslearnusewhattheyhavelearnedtotalkaboutthethingsaroundthemselves.Teachingprocedures:Step1:Lead-in1Begintheclassbyaskingstudents“Ifyouwanttogetsomeinformationabouttheplacewhereyouwanttogowhatcanyoudo”Showthepictureofatouristbrochureandaskstudentswhatabrochureisusedfor.2Helpstudentstolistinformationtheywillgetfromthebrochureofthefirstundergroundintheworld.Step2:SkimmingAllowstudentstwoorthreeminutestoreadthefirstorthelastsentenceofeachparagraphandthensummarizethemainideaofeachpartwiththeguidanceshownonthescreen.Atthesametimeaskstudentstopickoutsomekeywordswhichcanhelpthemsummarizethemainidea.Step3:ScanningAskstudentstoreadthefirstparagraphandhelpthemtoanalyzethereasonsforthedevelopmentofthefirstundergroundintheworld.Helpstudentsgettheinformationofhowtheundergrounddevelopedbyfillinginthediagram.AskstudentstoanswerthefollowingquestionssothattheycangetsomedetailsaboutCharlesYerkesWhomadegreatcontributionstoimprovingthesystemCharlesYerkesWhatdidhedoUndertookimprovingthesystembyobtainingownershipofmanydifferentlinesandsettinguptheUndergroundElectricRailwaysofLondon.WhydidhedosoTravellingontheselineswasnotconvenientthoughaseachlinewaspossessedbyadifferentcompanymanywerefarfromeachother.HelpstudentstoknowtheunusualfunctionoftheundergroundduringtheSecondWorldWarbydoingthemultiplechoicesAllowstudentsseveralminutestofindtheinformationinthesixthparagraphandfillintheblanks.AftertheSecondWorldWarmorepeopletraveledontheundergroundsothesystemwas________andmorelineswere_______.ThisincludedtheVictoriaLinewhichlinkedwithotherlinesatalmosteverystation.Thishelpedmadethesystemmore____________.ThelastlineaddedwastheJubileeLine___________thetwenty-fifthanniversaryElisabethIIbecomingthequeen.Answers:enlargedaddeduser-friendlyinhonorofAskstudentstoreadthelastparagraphandhelpthemanalyzethereasonsfortheunderground’spopularity.Step4:ConsolidationAskstudentstodiscussthemainideasoftheeachpart.Part1ThebriefintroductiontotheundergroundPart2ThedevelopmentoftheundergroundsystemPart3TheunusualfunctionsoftheundergroundPart4ThepopularityoftheundergroundStep5:DiscussionHelpthestudentstocomparetheLondonundergroundandNanjingundergroundandthengivesomesuggestionstoimproveourundergroundsystem.Step6Homework
1.FinishtheexerciseDonP
52.
2.FinishtheexerciseEonP
53.Langugepoints
1.Ithasthedistinctionofbeingtheoldestandmostcomplexundergroundsystemintheworld.p50line2伦敦地铁是世界上最古老且最复杂的地铁系统,并因此而享有盛名distinction:n.区分,区别,差别eg.1alineofdistinction区别的界限2make/drawacleardistinctionbetweenrightandwrong分清是非曲直3There’sadistinctionbetweenwhathesaysandwhathedoes.他所说的和所做的有区别声誉,名声eg.1peopleofdistinction知名人士2attain/gain/windistinction出名3Ihadthegreatdistinctionofbeinginvitedtospeakattheconference.我十分荣幸地被邀请在该会议上发言拓展distinctadj明显的,清楚的distinctiveadj有特色的,与众不同的distinction构成的常见短语makeadistinctionbetweenrightandwrong分清对错withoutdistinction毫无区别havethedistinctionof…享有……的美誉
2.HowevermosttrainstoLondononlywenttotheoutercitylimitsbecausebuildingrailwaytrackstothecitywouldhavecauseddamagetomanyoldbuildings.P50line4但是大部分通往伦敦的火车只到外伦敦城的边界,因为在市区内修建铁路会损坏许多古建筑(见拓展p72页) damage=cause/dodamagetoSmokingcandamage/causedamagetoyourhealth.3.Horse-drawnbusestramscabsandcarriageswereusedtoconveypeopletoandaroundthecitycentre.(line6)convey vt.搬运运送eg.1ThisshipconveysoilfromtheMiddleEast.这艘船从中东运输石油2Thistrainconveysbothpassengersandgoods.这列火车既载客又运货3Ataxiconveyedustotherailwaystation.一辆出租车将我们载到火车站表达传达思想感情转达eg.1Conveymycongratulationstoyourbrother.代我向你弟弟表示祝贺2Hismannerconveyedaslightnervousness.他的态度透露出一点紧张3WordscannotconveyhowhappyIam.言语无法表达我是多么幸福传导传播传染eg.1Airisthemediumbywhichsoundwavesareconveyed.空气是声波传播的媒质2Awireconveysanelectriccurrent.导线输送电流Inspiteofhisunfortunatepersonalexperiencehissongsconveyafeelingofwarmthandhope.
4.Unfortunatelythenumberofvehiclesontheroadcausedunbelievabletrafficjamsandtheroads…line7trafficjam堵车,交通堵塞Thegovernmentputforwardmanyusefulsuggestionstoreducethetrafficjamduringtherushhour.联想记忆believev.相信---believableadj.可相信的---unbelievable难以置信的
5.leadtoline9见拓展72页
6.Howevernewtrainshadtobedevelopedandtheplanrequiredraisingalargeamountofmoneysothediggingwaspostponeduntil
1860.line14
(1)requirev.要求、命令It’srequiredthateveryoneshouldbepresentontime.requirementn.在表示“建议,要求,命令”等动词后的从句,要用should+动词原形类似动词有suggestadviseproposedemandorderaskcommand等
(2)alargeamountof大量的Alargeamountoftimeandenergywasusedtodothereport.
(3)postpone:vt.推迟延迟常用搭配postpone(doing)stheg.1Iamdisappointedthatyouarepostponingyourvisitnextweek.2ThematchwaspostponedtoSaturdaybecauseofbadweather.比赛因天气不好而延迟到星期六3Wehavetopostponesendingouranswertotherequest.我们不得不暂缓寄出对申请书的答复putoff推迟,延期Ihavetoputoffthismeetingbecauseoftrafficjam.
7.Theinitialtunnelswereopenedin1863andwerejustbeneaththesurfaceoftheground.line首批地铁隧道于1863年开通,他们紧靠地面beneathprep. 低于,在……之下Jeremyhidtheletterbeneathapileofpapers.Wehuddledtogetherforwarmthbeneaththeblankets.
8.Passengersweretransportedincarriageswithoutwindowswhichwerepulledthroughthenarrowtunnelsbysteamengines.line17pullthrough恢复健康;完成,做成(十分困难的事)Hewillpullthroughhisillnesssoon.It’sgoingtobetoughbutwe’llpullthroughittogether.
9.Sixteenyearslaterin1884theMetropolitanRailwayCompanyandtheMetropolitanDistrictrailwaylinkedupandprovidedtheundergroundserviceinthemiddleofthecity.line2016年后,于1884年大都会铁路公司于大都会区铁路公司取得联系共同为城市中部提供地铁服务linkv.[T]tomakeaconnectionbetweentwoormorepeoplethingsorideas:Theexplosionsarenotthoughttobelinkedinanyway.n.[C]aconnectionbetweentwopeoplethingsorideas:Theresadirectlinkbetweendietandheartdisease.TheirlinkswithBritainarestillstrong.linkupwith连接,结合Theorganizationsaimistolinkuppeoplefromalloverthecountrywhoaresufferingfromthedisease.Thetwoorganizationslinkeduptoholdacharityevent.WelinkedupwiththeWuxiTVstationtohelprunthecampaign.我们和无锡电视台联合举办这个活动用法拓展:beconnectedwith与……相接,和……有联系
10.Becauseofthesmokefromthesteamenginesearlyundergroundlinesneededlargeholesleadingtothesurfaceatregularintervalssothatpeoplecouldgetfreshairandwouldnotchoke.
(25)choke:vt.噎塞;阻塞,堵塞,塞满eg.1Thesmokealmostchokedme烟呛得我几乎透不过气来2Theroadisalmostchokedupwithtraffic.马路几乎被交通堵住了vi窒息,说不出话chokewitheg.1Hechokewithanger.他气得说不出话来
11.ThesenewwaysofdiggingacceleratedthepaceoftheLondonUnderground’sdevelopment.line27这些新的隧道开挖方法加快了伦敦地铁的发展脚步acceleratevi/vt.加速;促进decelerate v 减速Thebadweatheracceleratedourdeparture.Thecardeceleratedatthesightofthepolicecar.Adriveraccelerateshiscarwhenhemakesitgofasterorincreaseditsspeed.acceleratethepaceof加快……的步伐Theconferenceacceleratedthepaceofeducationalreforms.Manypeoplecomplainofrapidpaceofmodernlife.keeppacewith与……并驾齐驱
12.Travelingontheselineswasinconvenientthoughaseachlinewaspossessedbyadifferentcompanyandmanywereveryfarfromeachother.line31然而搭乘这些线路很不方便,因为每条线都属于不同的公司,而且许多线路之间相距甚远inconvenientadj.aninconvenienttime/placeItwillbeveryinconvenientformetohavenocar.inconveniencen.[CorU]Weapologizeforanyinconveniencecausedbythelatearrivalofthetrain.Wehadtheinconvenienceofbeingunabletousethekitchenforseveralweeks.13.HavingseenthesituationawealthyAmericanbusinessmanCharlesYerkesundertookimprovingthesystemin1902byobtainingtheownershipofthemanydifferentlinesandsettinguptheUndergroundElectricRailwaysCompanyofLondon.(line33)分词短语Havingseenthesituation作时间状语,因为表示的动作发生在主句的谓语动作之前,所以用分词的完成时态又如Havingfinishedherhomeworkshehelpeddothehousework.undertakev.着手,进行;承担(工作,责任等),承办;保证,担保1Heundertookanewexperiment.他着手一项新的实验2Iwillundertaketheresponsibilityforyou.我会为你负起责任3HeundertooktofinishtheworkbyMonday./HeundertookthathewouldfinishtheworkbyMonday.他担保在星期一以前完成工作ownershipn.所有权Shegaveuptheownershipoftheland.
14.WhenLondonwasbombedmanyundergroundstationsfunctionedasbombshelters.line44function n.功能,机能,作用eg.1thefunctionoftheheart心脏的功能2Thefunctionofachairmanistoleadandcontrolmeetings.主席的职责是引导并控制会议3Thehallmaybehiredforweddingsandotherfunctions.这个大厅可租来举行婚礼或其他集会4perform/playanimportantfunction/role/part起重大作用vi.起作用,运转1SomeEnglishadverbsfunctionasadjectives.英语中有些副词可用作形容词2Yourcomputerwon’tfunctionwellonceattackedbyviruses.一旦受到病毒攻击,你的电脑将无法正常运行3Thismachinedoesn’tfunction/workproperly这台机器有点毛病functionas起……的作用Thisbigroomfunctionsasameetingroom.Thesofacanalsofunctionasabed.同义短语serveas
15.ThelastlineaddedwastheJubileeLinewhichwasopenedin1979inhonourofthetwenty-fifthanniversaryofElizabethIIbecomingthequeen.(line53)honorn.[C]arewardprizeortitlethatpubliclyexpressesadmirationorrespect:Shereceivedanhonourforherservicestothecommunity.Hewasburiedwithfullmilitaryhonours=withaspecialcelebrationtoshowrespect.inhonourof为纪念…,为庆祝…Let’shaveapartyinhonouroftheirwedding.Themonumentwaserectedinhonourofthesoldierswhodiedforthecountry.
16.Visitourticketofficeandbuyoneofthetravelcardsthatpermityoutotravelallovertheundergroundsystem.permit-tt-v.[T]toallowsth.:Theregulationsdonotpermitmuchflexibility.[+ingformofverb]Theprisonauthoritiespermitvisitingonlyonceamonth.[+object+toinfinitive]permitsb.todosth.允许某人做某事Mymotherdoesn’tpermitmetogooutaloneatnight.WeatherpermittingwewillplaytennisonSaturday.(独立主格结构)=WeatherpermitswewillplaytennisonSaturday.permissionn.允许准许permit还可用作名词表示许可证执照通行证例如:Youcan’tstayherewithoutaworkpermit.Youcannotenteramilitarybasewithoutapermit.allow与permit的用法区别
1.两者均可表示“答应”,但permit通常指上级、规则或法令等表示的准许,语气较重;而allow通常指消极地不加反对,有时含有听任或默许之意,语气较轻如Thesestoresdonotpermitsalesofalcoholicbeverages.Thenurseallowedhimtoremainthere,thoughitwasnotpermitted.
2.在用法上,两者后接动词作宾语时,均要用动名词形式,而不能用不定式如Wedon’tallow/permitswimminginthepool.但是若其后接有名词或代词,须接不定式如Wedon’tallow/permitchildrentoswiminthepool.GrammarandusageTeachingaims:letstudentsunderstandwhataphrasalverbis.letstudentsmastersomeimportantphrasalverbs.Teachingprocedures:Step
1.Whatisaphrasalverbverb+adverbverb+prepositionverb+adverb+prepositionleavemealone;thinkeverythingover;standupgointo;askfor;waitfor;cometo;talkwith;talkto;shoutat;putupwith英语中的动词按其构成可分为单词动词single-wordverb和短语动词phrasalverb短语动词指由两个或两个以上单词构成的动词这种动词主要有三种组合形式:1动词+副词构成的动词短语动词+副词构成的动词短语分为两类“及物动词+副词”和“不及物动词+副词”“及物动词+副词”短语的宾语既可以放在副词之前也可以放在副词之后,但如果宾语为人称代词,则必须放在副词之前Eg.1Hetookoffhiscoat.2Havingwornhisraincoatallthewayhetookitoffwhenhearrivedathisoffice.3UncleTompassedaway去世manyyearsago.4Hetookoffhiscoatwhenheenteredthehouseandputitonagainwhenhewentout.takeoff是及物短语动词5Thereisoftenaspectators’balconyatairportswherepeoplecanwatchtheplanestakingoffandlanding.takeoff是不及物短语动词总结及物动词必须加宾语意思才完整的动词不及物动词,就是不必加宾语意思就完整的动词2动词+介词构成的动词短语动词+介词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词,不可分开使用,其后可以直接跟宾语,宾语通常是名词、代词、动名词等,在被动语态中介词不能省略Eg.
1.Kateislookingafterhissickmother.
2.IcameacrossoneofmyoldclassmatesWangXiaoping.
3.Iagreewith与……看法一致youonthatpoint.3动词+副词+介词构成的动词短语这类动词短语的宾语只能放在介词的后面.常见的短语有breakawayfrom,goonwith,catchupwith,lookdownon/upon,lookupto,makeupfor,putupwith在“动词+副词+介词”的组合中,短语动词只能看作是一个动词绝对不能拆开Eg.Icouldn’tputupwith忍受thenoiseanylonger.注意在动词+副词+介词的组合中短语动词只能看作是一个动词绝对不能拆开另外还需要注意的是,以上三类短语动词都是一些固定搭配,这些短语动词与某些非固定搭配是有区别的试比较1Thelightswentout.2Heputonhiscoatandwentout..例1中的wentout熄灭是由“动词+副词”构成的短语动词例2中的wentout出去不是短语动词,went是动词,out是副词,作状语补充:动词+名词+介词构成的动词短语:常见的这类短语有makefriendswith,takecareof,makeroomfor,makejokesabout,makeanapologyto,takepridein,payattentionto等Eg.
1.Lucythrewawaysomeuselessstufftomakeroomforhernewbookcase.Specialattentionshouldbepaidtothepronunciation.Step
2.guessthemeaningsofthephrase有很多动词短语不止有一个含义,需要我们利用语境来灵活运用请写出下列短语意思.
1.
(1)Hisaccentgiveshimawayasasoutherner.泄露2Hegaveawaymostofhismoneytocharity.捐赠3Theygaveawaytheirlastchanceofwinningthematch.丧失4Themayorgaveawaytheprizesattheschoolsportsday.颁发
2.1Thispricetakesinthecostoftransportationandfood.包括2Hewashomelesssowetookhimin.收容 3Fishtakeinoxygenthroughtheirgills.吸收 4Ihopeyou’retakinginwhatI’msaying.领会Step
3.高频动词bring[要点]bringin引进;挣得bringabout引起,导致bringup养育,培养;呕吐;提出bringout使展现,推出(书、唱片等)bringdown降低;使倒下bringback把……带回来;使忆起;使恢复bringforth结果,生产,产生bringforward提出;提前bringoff圆满完成(困难之事)bringon惹来(坏的结果);加速生长break[要点]breakdown崩溃,瓦解;垮掉;失败;(化学)分解;(公共场所)失去理智breakup打碎;大学放假;(物理)分解;分开,分成(几部分);结束;制止breakthrough逾越,突破;冲破breakawayfrom挣脱,脱离breakout爆发breakin破门而入breakoff折断;中断breakinto进入建筑物以便行窃;突然发出或开始;打扰come[要点]comeabout发生comeout结果出来;出版;泄露;开花comeon跟随;作为挑战语;进展comeacross偶遇;被理解cometrue变为现实comeup走上前;被提出;长出地面;走近;升起comeupwith产生,发现(解决办法、答案等)comealong一起来comeback回来;顶嘴comeby努力获得cometo总计;清醒过来comeoff脱落;进展carry[要点]carryoff获胜;成功做成(困难之事)carryon继续,坚持carryout执行carrythrough帮助渡难关;完成,实现carryback使忆起carryaway失去理智get[要点]getabout四处走动;传开getacross传达getalong\onwith进展,相处getaway逃脱,设法离开getdown下来;下车getin收割;到达;请……来帮忙;考取getoff出发;下班gettogether聚会getup起床;组织,筹划getupas打扮成getthrough接通;通过;花费getback取回;回到某地;继续做getby勉强够花getdownto开始认真干getout被人知道,泄露;逃离getover克服,成功应付;恢复,复原give[要点]giveup放弃givein屈服;呈交giveout用尽,耗尽;分发;公布,发表;发出giveaway露马脚;颁发;赠送,送掉;捐赠giveoff发出giveback归还;使恢复go[要点]goagainst违背;与……不符;对……不利gowithout勉强维持,凑合goinfor爱好,参加;从事goby过去;依据,按照goon继续;发生goover复习;仔细审查;走近goahead进行gothough被通过;从头到尾地阅读;排练;经历goaway走开;外出度假;消失gofor去取来或接来;争取得到goout出去熄灭过时罢工向往辞职倒塌hold[要点]holdonto保留,抓住不放holdback隐瞒;阻碍(某人发展);(因谨慎而)退缩;控制(情感)holdout维持;抵抗,硬撑holdup举起;(常用被动语态)延搁,阻滞;支撑holdupas作为榜样holdoff拖延;(雨雪等)迟迟不来;保持距离holddown控制(上升);压制holdin抑制holdon别挂断,等会儿;坚持holdover延期;以……要挟holdtogether团结一起keep[要点]keepaway(from)使远离keepback扣除,保留;隐瞒不讲keepoff避开;不踩、吃、谈等keepon继续keepout挡在外边;警示语请勿靠近keepup保持,不低落;持续,继续keepupwith跟上keepdown抑制(以防其增长)look[要点]lookahead向前看lookabout环顾lookafter照看;负责处理lookback回忆,回顾lookout当心;找出lookon旁观lookup向上看;查阅;形势好转;看望lookdownupon看不起lookforwardto盼望lookthrough翻阅lookinto调查;向内看lookround寻找;边走边看,观光lookover检阅;逐一检查make[要点]makeup编造;给某人化妆;组成,构成;补齐,凑足;准备,布置makeupof由……构成makeupfor补偿,弥补makeout辨认出makeinto制成;使成为makefrom制成makeof制成;理解,看待,对待makeoutof由……制成makefor走向,冲向;有助于,倾向于makeoff溜掉makeover(正式依法)转让put[要点]putacross表达清楚putback放回原处;拨回;阻碍;推迟putdown揭下来;踩下;停车下人;平定,镇压;记下putaside放下(正在读的书或正在干的活);储蓄;不顾,忽视putaway将事物放置于惯常保存之处;储蓄;过度吃喝;放弃putforth(正式)长出putforward提出(计划、建议);拨快;提前putin插嘴;安装;花费putoff延期;推诿,闪避puton穿戴;假装;安排;上映putout扑灭;生产putup为某人提供食宿;短期住宿;建造;举起;张贴,公布putupwith容忍send[要点]sendfor派人去请;订购sendup上升;发射;取笑sendout发送;长出;发出(请柬、信号等)sendoff送行;邮寄出sendaway送走;解雇senddown下降;开除(大学学生)sendforth长出sendin寄去set[要点]setoff出发;引爆;引起,激发setout开始;动身踏上漫长旅途setup创建,建立;安排;安装;竖起setupas当上setabout着手干(尤指费时费劲的事);处理setaside不顾;(为某种目的,后接for)留出setapart使与众不同;(为某种用途)留出setback阻碍,拖后腿setforth启程;阐明setin(不愉快的事情)开始,来临setdown下车;写下;放下take[要点]takein吸收takefor误认为takeout拿出takedown放下takeup从事;拿起;占据(时间或空间)takeoff飞机起飞;脱下;休假;走红takeby攻占takeafter像takealong随身携带takeaway带走,拿走;使离去takeback收回(说错的话);退回所购商品;使忆起takecharge负责,掌管takeon呈现;雇佣takeout拿出;带……出去takeover接管,接任takeplace发生taketo开始喜欢;染上……习惯takewith与……混在一起turn[要点]turnagainst转而反对;使与……为敌turnback折回,掉转头turnaway转身走开打发走turnout结果是;关上电灯;赶出;生产制造turndown拒绝;调小turnoff关掉;不喜欢turnover打翻;仔细思量;翻耕;移交turnin上交作业等;拐入turninto变成;翻译turnon打开;取决于turnto求助于;翻到turnup调大;出现Step4somephrases
1.putthroughherduties
2.decideonthebestwaytoorganizethevisit
3.dealwithyourenquiry
4.lookroundthetransportcontrolcenter
5.putyourvisitoffuntilthen
6.callyouback
7.comeup
8.lookafter
9.fillinaform
10.ahandfulofstudents
11.splitupintogroups
12.theannualTrafficConference
13.makethearrangementsTaskTeachingaims:Afterthisperiodoflearningstudentswillbeableto:Spotinstructivewordsandlearnhowtomakenoteswhilelistening;Compareinformationandmakeachoicethroughgroupwork;Givereasonsfortheirchoices;Applywhathasbeenlearnttoproduceane-mailtogiveinformationabouttraveltoDalian.Teachingprocedures:Step1:listeningtoinstructions
1.LeadinbygivinginstructionsAskthemonitortoremoveapileofexercisebooksfromtheteacher’sdesktothebackoftheclassroomusinginstructions.Teacher:MonitorcanyoudomeafavorPleasegettheseexercisebooksonthedeskatthebackofourclassroom.You’llneedtocheckwhethereveryone’sexercisebookisthereafterclass.Andthengetthemtomyofficeandgivemethelistofpeoplewhohaven’thandedintheirwork.OkThankyou.
2.Afterthemonitordoeswhatistoldaskstudents:WhatdidIdojustnowGivinginstructionsHaveyounoticedwhatsentencestructuresIhaveusedtofiveinstructionsImperativesentencesandsomesentencepatternslike:You’llneedtodo…;Youshoulddo…Askstudentstoreadmoreexpressions.Step2:takingnotesforfutureactionLead-in:askaboutplanningaholidayIfyouwereplanningaholidaywhatdoyouneedtodecideonWherertogoThedestination.WhentogothereandwhentocomebackThedepartureandarrivlatimes.HowlongtostaythereTheduration.HowtogetthereThemeansoftransport.HowmuchmoneytospendThetralvelallowanceorthebudget.WhotogowithPeopletogowith.WhattodothereTheactivities.Listeningandnote-taking:PartAExplainthecontextofPartAIntroduceyourtraveldestinationandyourtravelrouteYourfamilyareinNanjingandwillmeetyourcousins’familyinBeijingandthengotovisitDaliantogether..GiveabriefintroductionofDalianifneeded..Gothroughthenotesquickly.Listenandcompletethenotes.Checktheanswerswiththeclass.Clarifythestepstofinishthetask.CallMrAn→PartBSurftheInternettodecideonthemethodoftravel→PartCBuyaticket→Step2Writeane-mail→Step3Step3:ListeningLeadin:Namesomemeansoftransportanddiscussbrieflytheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdifferentmeansoftransport.AskstudentstogothroughthetableinPartB.ListenandcompletePartB.Checktheanswerswiththeclass.Afollow-upquestion:Whywon’ttheygobyplaneStep4:ReadingPairwork:Readandcompareinformationandthenmakechoices:PartCExpainsomeexpressionswhenstudentsneedhelp.Checktheanswersinclass.Checkthecomprehensionofsomeexpressions.asightseeingdestinationatransportsystemairconnectionsbeeasilyaccessiblemakereservationsinadvancebelinkedto…speedup…beunderrepairinadditionto…bepunctual观光旅游景点运输系统空运方便到达beeasilyreached预定booktickets提前beforehand和…连接beconnectedto…使…加速make…faster正在修理bebeingrepaired除…之外besides准时beontimeStep5:Discussion:buyingticketsGothroughthetimetablesofthetrainticketsfirstanddecideonthefastesttrains.Remindthestudentsthatweneed3ticketsfromNanjingtoBeijingand6ticketsfromBeijingtoDalianandthebudgetis2200yuantodecideontotalexpense.Workoutthewholearrangementofthistravelpreparingforthewritingtask.Askstudentstonotedownalltheinformationontheirworksheet.Step6:WritingShowthestudentswhatshouldbeincludedinthee-mail.Discussion:theoutlineofthise-mailwhatcanbeincludedineachparagraphprovidesomesentencepatternsandusefulexpressionsWritethee-mailontheworksheet. Step7:HomeworkRevisethewritingandhandintheworksheetthenextday.Languagepoints:
1.abeautifulsightseeingdestination
2.themostimportantharbourcity
3.makereservationsinadvance
4.belinkedtothenationalrailwaysystem
5.havedirecttrainsrunningtoBeijing
6.Thishasspeededuptravelbetweenthetwocities.
7.Checktimetablesfordepartureandarrivaltimes.
8.Thefloodwashedawaysoilalongtheroad.
9.Partoftheroadisstillunderrepair.
10.Thereisnoguaranteethatyoucangetaticket.
11.Theslowferriesarenotverypunctual.
12.InadditiontothefrequentrapidferriestoportsinWeihaiandYantaithereareslowerferriestoShanghaiQinhuangdaoandInchoninKorea.p59inadditionto除此以外还有……Inadditiontogivingageneralintroductiontocomputerthecoursealsoprovidespracticalexperience.课程除了一般介绍电脑知识外,还提供实际操作的机会拓展inadditionto可以替换为besidesaswellasapartfromThenegotiationsstruckasnagwhentheunionleadersaskedforpaidholidaysinadditionto/besides/aswellas/apartfromtheusualwageincrease.当工会领袖们要求在通常的工资增加之外还应有带薪假日时,商谈遇到了阻碍ProjectTeachingaims:learnhoetoprotectthemselvesfromdangerontheroads;writeanactionplanTeachingprocedures:Step1Lead-inShowsomepicturesoftrafficaccidentsandgetstudentstoknowsomestatistics.Howmanypeopledieincrashesontheworldsroadseveryyear
1.3milliondead;afurther50millioninjuredInChinainxxhowmanypeoplediedintrafficaccidentsandhowmanygotwounded67759dead;275125woundedInthefirsthalfofxxhowmanypeoplewerekilledandhowmanyinjured27270dead;116982injuredWatchavideoclipandthinkwhatcausedthetrafficaccident.drunkdrivingShowsomepicturesofsensesoftrafficaccidentstoshowthatbesidesdriverscyclistsandpedestriansalsoareresponsibleforroadaccidents.Thereforeweallshouldraiseourawarenessofroadsafety.Step2ReadingReadthepassageandanswersomequestions.ForwhatpurposeisthenoticewrittenWhyWhataresomemajorcausesofroadaccidentsrelatedtodriverscyclistsandpedestriansEncouragestudentstofindmorecausesofaccidents.Readagainandcompletethefollowingnotes:Inordertopreventaccidentsdriversshould…cyclistsshould…pedestriansshould…Encouragestudentstofindmorewaystoavoidaccidents.Step3WritinganactionplanPlanningDividestudentsintogroupsof4assigningoneofthemgroupleader.Theleaderassignsdifferentjobstoeachmember.BrainstormingDiscusswhatstudentscoulddotohelppreventtrafficaccidents.Encouragestudentstofindnewideas.Showstudentshowcertainsentencepatternstoputtheseitemsintotheiractionplan.Ticktheitemswhichcanbeincludedintheactionplan.WritingGiveabriefguidehowtoarrangethisactionplan.Givesomeexpressionsifneeded.Writetheactionplanontheworksheet.Haveitproofread.PresentingOnememberofeachgrouppresentstheiractionplaninclass.Othersmakebriefcommentsandchoosewhichoneisthebest.I.Groupdiscussion:Whatcouldstudentsdotohelppreventtrafficaccidents
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10.II.Ticktheitemswhichcanbeincludedintheactionplan.III.Writetheactionplan.Step4languagepoints
1.Thenumberofroadaccidentsandthedeathsarisingfromthoseaccidentshasincreasedoverthepastyear.(p62line1)arisefrom由……引起相当于resultfromAlltheerrorsarosefrom/resultedfromyourcarelessness.所有的错误是由你的马虎引起的拓展arise:vi.产生;发生;出现;站起来,起身eg.1Theydidn’texpectthatsomanyproblemswouldarisewhentheywerecarryingouttheplan.他们没想到在实施这个计划时,出现了这么多问题2Hearoseandwalkedtothedoor.他站起身来向门口走去thenumberof…数目Thenumberofourstudentsisseventy-one.对比anumberof许多,若干Anumberofcablesareneededinthisproject.
2.Thisnoticeisaimedatpromotingpeople’sawarenessoftheproblem.(line2)aim:n.目标Theaimofthisistoreduceairpollution.withtheaimofdoingsth.带有……目的,takeaimat…以……目标eg.1Researchisbeingdonewithspecificaimofmonitoringcustomertrends.做这个研究的特定目的是为监测客户的动向2Alantookaimatthetiger.阿伦瞄准了老虎aim v.瞄准,致力于,使某物针对某人固定搭配aimat…瞄准;目的在于aimtodosth目的在于;打算beaimedat目的在于1Denveraimedhisgunbutdidnotshoot.丹佛用枪瞄准了目标,但没有开枪2)Heaimedatthebirdbutmissed.3)Youshouldalwaysaimatdoingyourjobwell.4Iamaimingtolose4kgbeforethesummerholidays.我的目标是暑假前减掉4公斤体重5Thisnoticeisaimedatincreasingpeople’sawarenessoftheproblembecauseithasbecomequiteextreme.此通告的目的在于提高人们对这以问题的认识,因为该问题已相当严重
3.beawareof意识到line4Thewolveshavebeenawareofdanger.Peoplehavebeenawareoftheimportanceofprotectingenvironment.
4.aggressive line13adj.好攻击的,好寻衅的,好争吵的;强有力的,干劲很大的eg.1Aggressivenationsthreatenworldpeace.侵略成性的国家威胁世界和平2Agoodsalesmanmustbeaggressiveifhewantstosucceed.要做好推销员一定要有闯劲才能成功
5.Ifyoudriveafteryouhaveconsumedalcoholicdrinksoraredrunkyouareviolatingthelawandriskingyourownlifeaswellasthelivesofothers.line20consume vt.吃完,喝完;消耗,花费(某事物);将……烧尽eg.1Heconsumedallthesandwiches.他吃完了所有的三明治2Thecarconsumesalotoffuel.这辆汽车很费汽油3Thefireconsumedtheentirebuilding.大火烧了整栋建筑物拓展n.消耗,消耗量consumption消费者consumereg.1Wehavemeasuredthecar’sfuelconsumption.我们测量了这辆汽车的汽油消耗量2Consumersareencouragedtocomplainaboutfaultygoods.要鼓励消费者对劣质商品投诉violatev.违反冒犯侵犯Anyonewhoviolatesthelawmustbepunished.It’snotrighttoviolateother’sprivacy.riskn.危险,风险Hehelpedthecriminalattheriskofbeingpunished.riskv.冒…风险Youshouldnotriskyourownfuturetodothis.atrisk处在险境中
6.acoupleof(line23)两个,一双,一对;两三个,几个,数个eg.1Thefestivallastsacoupleofdays.这节日持续两天2Theykeepacoupleofdogs.他们养了两条狗3Sheisexpectingababyinacoupleofmonths.她两三个月后要生小孩4Ireceivedacoupleofletterslastweek.上星期我收到了两三封信couplen.eg.1alovingcouple一对情侣2Theymakeagoodcouple.他们是绝佳的一对3Theyoungcoupleseems/seemtobehappy.这对年轻人看起来很快乐
7.Drivershavetotaketheresponsibilitytowatchoutforpeoplecrossingtheroadespecially…line26responsibilityn.责任,职责It’sourresponsibilitytoprotecttheenvironment.responsibleadj.有责任感的Youshouldberesponsibleforthisaccident.
8.Somecyclistsmaketheassumptionthattrafficlawsdonotapplytothembutthisisnotright.line35assumptionn.假定,设想Thetheoryisbasedonaseriesofreasonableassumptions.assumev.认为IassumethatyoucanspeakfluentEnglishandJapanese.applyto应用于Aseriesoftheoriesareappliedtothemanagementofthiscompany.applyfor申请It’sdifficulttoapplyforthisjob.
9.Carryingmorethanalightloadonyourbicyclemakesitmoredifficulttocontrol.line42load n.负载;负荷Thesebackpacksaredesignedtocarryaheavyload.这些背包是为负载重物而设计的v.装入;装上常用结构loadupAwithB用B装AloadAonto/intoB把A装到B上eg.1Sacksarebeingloadedontothetruck.人们正在把麻袋装上卡车2Menareloadingatruckwithtimber.工人们正在将木料装上卡车拓展loadsof许多(修饰可数或不可数名词)beartheloadof负担……的重任takealoadoffone’smind如释重负。