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2019-2020年高中英语Unit3Tomorrow’sWorldGrammar教案牛津译林版必修被动语态用法小结【语境展示】
1.Thethreewordsarepronouncedinthesameway.
2.Theyweregivenawarmsend-offattheairport.
3.Thematterwillbelookedintointhefuture.
4.Ididn’texpectthatIwouldbeaskedtospeak.
5.Thechildrenarebeingtakencareofbytheiraunt.
6.Anewsupersonicaircraftwasbeingdesigned.
7.Theyhavebeenwarnednottoswimthere.
8.Hetoldmethatthefactoryhadbeencloseddown.【归纳】语态是动词的一种形式,用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系英语的语态分为两种主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者被动语态常用于以下几种情况
1.不知道动作的执行者是谁如PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.
2.不必提到动作的执行者如Suchthingsarenotdonetwice.
3.强调或侧重动作的承受者如Thegirlislikedbyeverybody.
一、被动语态的构成被动语态的基本形式是“be+V-ed形式”通过改变be的时态,可以构成不同时态的被动语态
二、各个时态的被动语态的构成
1.一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are+V-ed形式如例句
12.一般过去时的被动语态was/were+V-ed形式如例句
23.一般将来时的被动语态will+be+V-ed形式如例句
34.一般过去将来时的被动语态would+be+V-ed形式如例句
45.现在进行时的被动语态am/is/are+being+V-ed形式如例句
56.过去进行时的被动语态was/were+being+V-ed形式如例句
67.现在完成时的被动语态has/have+been+V-ed形式如例句
78.过去完成时的被动语态had+been+V-ed形式如例句8其他时态或没有被动语态,或极少用被动语态
三、一些特殊结构的被动形式
1.双宾动词的被动结构有些双宾动词(如give,lend,offer,send,show,tell等)可用于被动结构,在多数情况下都把间接宾语变为主语,而把直接宾语保留下来有时也可把直接宾语变为主语,把间接宾语改为to引导的短语如Iwasgivenagiftonmybirthday.Agiftwasgiventomeonmybirthday.
2.“be+V-ed形式+动词不定式”结构如Sheisreportedtohavebrokenaworldrecord.
3.“情态动词+be+V-ed形式”结构如Thiscan’tbedoneinashorttime.
4.“get+V-ed形式”结构如Hundredsofpeoplegetkilledeveryyearbytrafficontheroads.
5.“it+be+V-ed形式+that引导的从句”结构常用于此类结构的动词有believe,know,prove,report,say,suppose等如Itisreportedthathewasdrivingcarelessly.
四、在用被动语态时应注意的几个问题
1.在被动语态中,动作发出者往往置于by之后但在不必指出动作发出者是谁、动作发出者并不重要或很难指出动作发出者是谁时,一般不提及动作发出者如Thematchhadtobeputoffbecauseofbadweather.
2.一些感官动词(如feel,hear,look,notice,see,watch等)及使役动词(如make,let,have等)在主动语态中一般跟不带to的动词不定式,但在被动语态中to不可省去如Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.
3.有些动词可用主动结构来表达被动意义,这类句子的主语通常是指物的,具有某些内在的特征,能够促使动词所表示的动作得以实现或难以实现如Myvoicedoesn’tcarrywell.Thisboxdoesn’tcloseproperly.Thiskindofricecooksmorequicklythanthatkind.【即学即用】用所给动词的适当形式补全下列句子
1.It’ssaidthatthelongbridge_____buildintwomonths.
2.AsfarasIknowtheinjuredworkers_____treatatalocalhospitalnow.
3.Manytreesandflowers_____plantinourschoollastyear.
4.Sorrytobotheryoubutyou_____wantonthephonebyamannamedSmith.
5.Thechairmansaidthathe_____invitetovisitAmericabeforelong.
6.Thewindowwhich_____breakforaweekwasrepairedyesterday.
7.Themanturnedroundfromtimetotimetoseeifhe_____follow.
8.Themeetingoftheoldclassmates_____plansincethenewyear.__Key:
1.willbebuilt
2.arebeingtreated
3.wereplanted
4.arewanted
5.wouldbeinvited
6.hadbeenbroken
7.wasbeingfollowed
8.hasbeenplanned。