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2019-2020年高中英语《Unit4BodyLanguage语法》导学案新人教版必修4Don’tattendtotwothingsatatime.一心不能二用SectionSix:Grammar现在分词短语作定语和状语
一、现在分词短语作定语现在分词短语作定语时,单个的分词一般放在被修饰词的前面,分词短语一般放在被修饰词的后边,相当于一个定语从句有时它表达的动作与谓语动词表达的动作是同时发生的,有时表达的动作是习惯性的,有时则表示状态Ihopetolearnmoreabouttheactivitiesgoingontherethataregoingonthere.(表示正在发生的动作Thefactorymakingtoysthatmakestoysisrunbyneighbourhoodmittee.表示习惯性动作TherewerequiteafewradeswishingtojoinUSwhowishedtojoinus.表示状态现在分词作定语,和被修饰的词之间有主谓关系awalkingboy=aboywhoiswalking走路的孩子adevelopingcountry=acountrythatisdeveloping发展中国家
二、现在分词短语作状语现在分词短语作状语时,分词的逻辑主要必须是句子的主语,分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系,否则不能用现在分词作状语现在分词在句中作状语,修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随情况等1.表示时间,作时间状语,相当于时间状语从旬Turningaround,Isawacardrivingup.1当分词表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前时,分词要用完成时2when/whiledoing形式强调其表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生1_______thatshewasgoingofftosleep,Iaskedifshe’dlikethatlittledollonherbed.A.SeeingB.ToseeC.SeeD.Seen解析“seeing…”作时间状语答案A2.表示原因,作原因状语,相当于原因状语从句分词所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时,这时用分词的一般形式分词表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,用分词的完成形式NotknowinghisphonenumberIcouldn’tgetintouchwithhim.如果分词是含有心理活动意义的词,则它一般表示原因,如knowing,thinking,forgetting,learning2_____thathewasingreatdanger,EricWalkeddeeperintotheforest.A.NotrealizedB.NottorealizeC.NotrealizingD.Nottohaverealized解析“notrealizing”在句中作原因状语答案C3.表示条件,作条件状语,相当于条件状语从句分词短语有时表示一种假设情况,相当于一个条件状语从句,这种情况下,有时在分词短语前加上if/unless,使条件更明确Workinghard,you’llsucceed.=Ifyouworkhard,you’llsucceed.=Workhardandyou’11succeed.努力工作,你会成功的4.表示让步,作让步状语,相当子让步状语从句分词短语作让步状语,相当于一个让步状语从句,有时分词前可带有连词although,whether,evenif,eventhoughAdmittingwhatshesaid.Istillthinkthatshehasn’ttriedherbest.尽管承认她所说的话,但我仍然认为她没有尽最大的努力3______theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory.A.TothrowB.ThrownC.ThrowingD.Beingthrown解析“throwingtheirhats”作伴随状语答案C5.表示方式或伴随状语分词短语表示方式或伴随情况是比较常用的,它用来说明动作发生的背景或情况一般情况下,分词所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生它没有相应的状语从句可转换,但可以用并列句来转换Childrencameintotheroom,singingandlaughing.Childrensangandlaughed;theycameintotheroom.6.表示结果,作结果状语,相当于结果状语从句通常放在句末,中间有逗号隔开,表示一种自然的、顺理成章的结果Hisparentsdiedinthewar,leavinghimanorphanSOthathebecameanorphan.父母在战争中死亡,以致他成了孤儿
三、现在分词短语作状语时应注意的问题1.现在分词作状语时,要注意分词的时间性,即注意是用现在分词的一般式doing还是用完成式havingdone当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时,用分词的一般式当现在分词的动作先发生,而谓语动词的动作后发生时,用分词的完成式4________inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.A.WaitingB.TowaitC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited解析根据theoldman与wait之间的关系,应该选择v.ing形式,再根据句意得知是在主句谓语动词“realize”前就等wait了半个小时了,有明显的先后关系,故要用v.ing的完成式答案C2.有时现在分词短语有自己的逻辑主语,它们之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,称之为独立主格结构它在句中也作状语Itbeingaholiday,alltheshopswereshut.Classbeingover,childrencouldplayfootball.3.有少数现在分词并不表示主语的动作,即不存在其逻辑主语必须和句子主语一致的问题,只是表示说话人的态度常这样用的有generally/frankly/properly...speaking一般/坦白/恰当……说来judgingfrom/by…从……判断considering…考虑到……supposing…假设使……独立主格结构前加上with,就构成了复合结构Testing:choosethebestanswers
1.Thedecision____whatistobedonenowishowtocarryitout.A.ismadeB.hasbeenmadeC.havingbeenmadeD.havingmade
2.Chinabecamethel43rdmemberoftheWTOonDecember11,2001,thus______itsl5-yearwishtojointheglobaltradebody.A.realizedB.torealizeC.havingrealizedD.realizing
3.TomandMaryarewalkingalongthestreet,___asmallredcap.A.eachofthemhasB.theyeachhaveC.everywearsD.eachwearing
4.____hisfatherTomenteredthehouse______byhisbrothers.A.Follow;followB.Tofollow;followingC.Following;followedD.Followed;following
5.________areplyhedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived
6.Suddenlyatallmandrivingagoldencarriage________thegirlandtookheraway_______intothewoods.A.seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearing
7.Theysetout____forthe____boy.A.searching;losingB.searching;lostC.tosearch;lostD.searched;losing
8.The____PrimeMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithhistalks___thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.visiting;addB.visited;addingC.visiting;addingD.visited;added
9.Findinghercarstolen_________.A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchedthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp
10.Thestormleft____alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused
11.________theboycouldn’tenterhishouse.A.SincethekeyhaslostB.ThekeybeenlostC.LostthekeyD.Havinglostthekey
12.____histelephonenumbershehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.A.NotknowingB.knowingnotC.NothavingknownD.Havingnotknown
13.Inwintersteamcanbeseen______fromwetclothes______nearafire.A.risinghangingB.risingtohangC.risehangingD.torisetohang
14.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries______itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake
15._______theprogrammetheyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.NotpletingB.NotpletedC.NothavingpletedD.HavingnotpletedInthedictionaryofyouththereisnosuchwordasfailure.在青年的词典里没有“失败”这个词。