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被动语态
一、被动语态语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系,分为主动语态和被动语态两种主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态汉语往往用“被、受、给”等被动词来表示被动意义其结构是由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词done”构成的be本身无词义,但有时态、人称和数的变化,其变化与时态中的变化一致各种时态的被动语态结构表(以动词do为例)时态被动语态例句一般现在时am/is/are+doneTheclassroomiscleanedbyus.教室被我们打扫一般过去时was/were+doneThekitewasmadebyhimyesterday.昨天,风筝被他制作现在进行时am/is/are+being+doneFlowersarebeingwateredbyher.花儿现在正在被她浇现在完成时have/has+been+doneTheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.工作已经被做完一般将来时will/shall/begoingto+bedoneTreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.明天,树将被他们种过去进行时was/were+being+doneAletterwasbeingwrittenbyheratthistimeyesterday.昨天的这个时候一封信正在被写过去完成时had+been+doneTheworkhadbeenfinishedbyJim.工作早已经被他完成了含有情态动词can/may/must+be+doneHecanbefoundbyme.他不能被发现
二、被动语态的用法
1.不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时例Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear.这座桥是去年建造的Hewaselectedchairman.他被选为主席
2.当更加强调动作的承受者时此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后,不需要时可以省略例Theroomhasn’tbeencleanedyet.房间还没有打扫Thetigerwaskilledbyhim.老虎被他杀死了
3.当动作的执行者不是人时,多用被动语态例Thewindowwasblownbywind.窗户被风吹开了Thewholevillagehasbeenwashedawaybytheflood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了
一、考点被动语态的句子结构和用法
二、重难点谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.这种布料很好洗
2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如happenlasttakeplacebreakouteoutetruerunoutgiveoutturnout等,以主动形式表示被动意义例Howdothenewspaperseout这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?
3.系动词没有被动形式,但感官系动词feelsoundtastelooksmell在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.你的理由听起来很合理
三、易错点
1.在使役动词havemakeget以及感官动词seewatchnoticehear等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加上介词to例Thegreatnewsmadeherfeelhappy.可改为Shewasmadetofeelhappybythegreatnews.Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.
2.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开其中的介词或副词也不能省略例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.这场会议将会推迟到周五
3.“动词+宾语+宾补”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.
4.有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面通常变为主语的是间接宾语例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.题模一主动语态变为被动语态例
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1.1主动语态变为被动语态Ihaveboughtaten-speedbicycle.____________________________________________例
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1.2主动语态变为被动语态Theoldmaniswateringflowersinthegarden.____________________________________________例
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1.3主动语态变为被动语态Theboyalwaysplaystheputergamesatnight.____________________________________________题模二基本用法例
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2.1Theboy_________togetsupperreadyafterschool.A.weretoldB.istellingC.wastoldD.tells例
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2.2Thisdictionarymustn’t_________fromthelibrary.A.takeawayB.takenawayC.aretakenawayD.betakenaway随练
1.1将下列句子变成被动语态
1.Theythrewawaytheoldbookyesterday____________________________________________
2.Hehadwrittenalettertohismother.____________________________________________
3.Peoplehaveseenthebearinthisvillage.____________________________________________
4.Theworkersarerepairingthebridge.___________________________________________
5.Youshouldn’tbringdictionarytotheEnglishexam.___________________________________________随练
1.2Thiskindofbookssellswell.They_________already.A.soldoutB.havesoldoutC.aresoldoutD.havebeensoldout随练
1.3---Yourcoatlooksnice.Isit_________wool---Yes.Itis_________Australia.A.madeofmakebyB.madeofmadeinC.madeformadeinD.madefrommadeby随练
1.4Thepizza_________bymymother.WouldyouliketohavesomeA.makesB.wasmakingC.madeD.wasmade随练
1.5Theclassroommust_________everyday.A.bekeptcleanB.bekeptcleaningC.keepcleanedD.keepsclean随练
1.6A.talkonChinesehistory_________intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives随练
1.7Ourhouse_________now.A.ispaintB.isbeingpaintedC.isgotpaintedD.hasgottopaint作业1将下列句子变成被动语态
1.Haveyoupostedthelettersyet___________________________________________
2.Imustdoalltheexerciseintime.___________________________________________
3.Wearediscussingtheprojectatthemeeting.___________________________________________
4.EveryyearourofficeholdsaflowershowintheparkinApril.___________________________________________
5.Hehadfinishedtheworkbytheendoflastterm.___________________________________________作业2Mary_________showmehernewdictionaryyesterday.A.wasaskedtoB.hasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto作业3The People’s Republic of China _________ on October 1
1949.A. foundB. was foundedC. is foundedD. was found作业4This English song_________ by the girls after class.A. often singsB. often sangC. is often sangD. is often sung作业5Wastepaper shouldn’t_________ here.A. throwB. be thrownC. to be thrownD. to throw作业6A new house _________ at the corner of the roadnow.A. is being builtB. is buildingC. been builtD. be build作业7His new book_________ next month.A.is being publishedB. is publishingC. will be publishedD. has been published答案解析题模一主动语态变为被动语态例
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1.1【答案】A.ten-speedbicyclehasbeenboughtbyme.【解析】考查被动语态现在完成时被动语态的结构是has/havebeendone例
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1.2【答案】Theflowersarebeingwateredinthegardenbytheoldman.【解析】考查被动语态现在进行时被动语态的结构是is/are/am+beingdone例
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1.3【答案】Theputergamesareplayedbytheboyatnight.【解析】考查被动语态一般现在时被动语态的结构是am/is/are+done题模二基本用法例
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2.1【答案】C【解析】考查被动语态再由句意可知是男孩被告知去做某事,was+done故选C例
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2.2【答案】D【解析】考查被动语态再由句意可知是字典禁止从图书馆被带走含有情态动词的被动语态mustn’t+be+done故选D随练
1.1【答案】
1.Theoldbookwasthrownbythemyesterday.
2.A.letterhadbeenwrittentohisfatherbyhim.
3.Thebearhasbeenseenbythepeopleonthisvillage.
4.Thebridgeisbeingrepairedbytheworkers.
5.Thedictionaryshouldn’tbebroughttotheEnglishexam.【解析】
1.考查被动语态一般过去时的被动语态was/were+done
2.考查被动语态过去完成时的被动语态hadbeen+done
3.考查被动语态现在完成时的被动语态has/havebeen+done
4.考查被动语态现在进时的被动语态is/am/are+being+done
5.考查被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态shouldn’t+bedone随练
1.2【答案】D【解析】考查被动语态already是现在完成时的时间状语,并且books与sellout是被动关系再由句意“这种书卖的很好他们已经被卖光了”可知,故选D随练
1.3【答案】B【解析】考查被动语态bemadeof由…制成,bemadein在…国家被做再由句意“—你的外套看起来很漂亮,它是由毛制成的吗?—是的,它被产于澳大利亚”可知,故选B随练
1.4【答案】D【解析】考查被动语态pizza与make是被动关系再由句意“披萨被妈妈做(过去的时间),您想要吃一些吗?可知,故选D随练
1.5【答案】A【解析】考查被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态mustbedone再由句意“教室每天必须保持清洁”可知,故选A随练
1.6【答案】C【解析】考查被动语态nextweek是一般将来时的时间状语Chinesehistory与give是被动关系故选C随练
1.7【答案】B【解析】考查被动语态now是现在进行时的时间状语house与paint是被动关系故选B作业1【答案】
1.Havetheletterbeenpostedyet
2.Alltheexercisesmustbedoneintime.
3.Theprojectisbeingdiscussedbythematthemeeting.
4.EveryyearaflowershowisheldbyourofficeintheparkinApril.
5.Theworkhadbeenfinishedbytheendoflastterm.【解析】
1.考查被动语态现在完成时的被动语态has/havebeen+done
2.考查被动语态带有情态动词的被动语态mustbe+done
3.考查被动语态现在进行时的被动语态is/am/arebeing+done
4.考查被动语态一般现在时的被动语态is/am/are+done
5.考查被动语态过去完成时的被动语态hadbeen+done作业2【答案】A【解析】考查被动语态yesterday是一般过去时的时间状语由句意可知,主语“玛丽”与ask之间是被动关系,wasaskedtodosth.故选A作业3【答案】B【解析】考查被动语态onOctober 1 1949是一般过去时的时间状语The People’s Republic of China与found建立是被动关系was+done故选B作业4【答案】D【解析】考查被动语态often是一般现在是的时间状语song与sing是被动关系sing的过去分词是sungisoften+done故选D作业5【答案】B【解析】考查被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态shouldn’tbe+doneWastepaper与throw是被动关系故选B作业6【答案】A【解析】考查被动语态now是现在进行时的时间状语newhouse与build是被动关系build的过去分词是builtisbeing+done故选A作业7【答案】C【解析】考查被动语态next month是一般将来时的时间状语book与public是被动关系wiilbe+done故选C被动语态知识精讲三点剖析题模精选随堂练习自我总结课后作业被动语态题模精选随堂练习。