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被动语态
一、语态是动词的一种形式,用于说明主语与谓语之间的关系
①英语的语态共有两种主动语态和被动语态
②主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
③只有及物动词才有被动语态
④被动语态谓语动词的结构为bedone(过去分词)
⑤汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义
二、八大时态的主动语态和被动语态对照主动语态被动语态助动词一般现在时do/doesam/is/aredoneam/is/are一般过去时didwas/weredonewas/were一般将来时willdoam/is/aregoingtodowillbedoneam/is/aregoingtobedonewillam/is/are过去将来时woulddowas/weregoingtodowouldbedonewas/weregoingtobedonewouldwas/were现在进行时am/is/aredoingam/is/arebeingdoneam/is/are过去进行时wasweredoingwas/werebeingdonewas/were现在完成时have/hasdonehave/hasbeendonehave/has过去完成时haddonehadbeendonehad情态动词can/may/mustdocan/may/mustbedonecan/may/must
三、用法
1、一般现在时的被动语态(am/is/aredone)Childrenlovethesesongs.主谓宾Thesesongsarelovedbychildren.主谓状Janelooksafterthecat.主谓宾ThecatislookedafterbyJane.主谓状注主动语态的宾语→被动语态的主语只有及物动词(组)才有被动语态;不及物动词(组)没有宾语,即没有被动语态主动语态的主语在被动语态中,前面需加by—“被”
2、主动变被动的几个重点
(1)短语动词短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在变被动语态时,不可丢掉介词或副词Peoplespeaktooldmenpolitelyhere.这里的人们对老人讲话有礼貌→Oldmenarespokentopolitelyherebypeople.
(2)带双宾语的动词带双宾语的动词变被动语态时有两种方式,可分别将间接宾语和直接宾语转化为被动语态的主语WeoftengivehimanicepresentatChristmas.→HeisoftengivenanicepresentatChristmasbyus.→AnicepresentisoftengiventohimatChristmasbyus.
(3)带复合宾语的动词宾语加宾补构成复合宾语变被动语态时,把宾语变主语,原来的宾语补足语成为被动语态的主语补足语TheteachercallshimPeter.→HeiscalledPeterbytheteacher.感官动词seehearwatchfeelnotice等及使役动词letmakehave等后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾补,在变为被动语态时,应加上不定式符号toHemakesthegirlstayathome.→Thegirlismadetostayathomebyhim.
(4)表达情感的动词如interest使感兴趣,worry使烦忧,surprise使惊讶,tire使疲劳,bore使无聊,move使感动等,可用被动形式Healwayssurprisesus.→Wearealwayssurprisedbyhim.练习
(一)将主动语态改为被动语态
1.Weallloveourmotherlanddeeply._____________________________________________________
2.Thisfactorymakesmobilephones._____________________________________________________
3.Myparentsdon’tallowmetosmoke._____________________________________________________
4.Theyoftenhearhersingsongsafterclass._____________________________________________________
5.Mymotheralwaysmakesmeacakeonmybirthday._____________________________________________________
6.Doyougrowriceinthesouth_____________________________________________________
7.Thepolicemanmakestheyoungmanmovehiscar._____________________________________________________
8.WhydotheycallhimMr.Know-all_____________________________________________________
9.Mostgirlsdon’tlikefootball._____________________________________________________
(二)单项选择
1.—Canyoutellmehowtomakeapplejuice—Sure.Pleasewatchcarefullyandyouwillseehowit______.A.ismadeB.ismakingC.makesD.willmake
2.—Whatacleanandbrightclassroomisn’tit—Yesit’salwayscleanandbrightbecauseit______everyday.A.cleansB.cleanedC.iscleanedD.wascleaned
3.—Whatabeautifulfactory!—Wellworkers______verymuchhere.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed
4.—Howoften______yourschoolsportsmeeting______—Everytwoyears.A.were;heldB.are;heldC.washeldD.is;held
5.WelearnhowtosurftheInternetbecauseit______widely______intheworld.A.is;usedB.is;usingC.does;useD.was;used
6.English______inmanycountriesbutChinese______theirownlanguage.A.isspoken;speaksB.speaks;isspokenC.isspoken;speakD.isspoken;isspoken
(三)用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Parents______________(respect)byChinesepeople.
2.Shakespeare’sgreatestplay______________(call)Hamlet.
3.Iamlookingforaman______________(name)Tom.
4.Lunyu______________(think)tobeoneofthegreatestChinesebooks.
5.Bettyisoftenseen______________(help)theoldmanwithhishousework.
6.TheGreatWall______________(know)allovertheworld.
7.Neitherofthem______________(make)inChina.
8.He______________(make)______________(work)overtwelvehoursadaybytheboss.
9.Thiskindofshoes______________(sell)well.
10.Thepen______________(write)well.
3、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态(was/weredone;willbedone;am/is/aregoingtobedone)WebeatClassTwolasttime.→ClassTwowasbeatenbyuslasttime.PeoplewillaskLiuXiangtoappearinfilms.→LiuXiangwillbeaskedtoappearinfilms.Thefloorwillbesweptsoon.地不久就会扫的Thekniveswillbesharpenedsoon.到不久就会磨的练习
(一)将主动语态改为被动语态
1.Webuiltthebridgethreeyearsago._____________________________________________________
2.Theywillpublishhisnewbooknextmonth._____________________________________________________
3.Didtheybuildabridgeayearago_____________________________________________________
4.Wesawthemonkeyjumpoffthetree._____________________________________________________
(二)将被动语态改为主动语态
1.Theschoolsportsmeetingwon’tbeheldbythemnextweek._____________________________________________________
2.Thestorywastoldtousbymygrandpa._____________________________________________________
3.Whowasthebookwrittenby_____________________________________________________
4.Theyearbooksweretakenoutofthereadingroombysomebody._____________________________________________________
(三)单项选择
1.—Youare______onthephoneTony.—Yesmum______.A.wanted;I’mingB.called;I’mingC.needed;I’lleD.asked;I’lle
2.—SusanwhyareyoustillhereTheyareallreadytostart.—I’msorrybutI______whentoleave.A.don’ttellB.didn’ttellC.wasn’ttold
3.I______totakepartintheEnglishspeechcontestlastweek.A.askB.askedC.amaskedD.wasasked
4.—Areyougoingtotheparty______atSmith’shomethisevening—IwillifIamfree.A.holdingB.heldC.toholdD.tobeheld
5.—Longtimenosee!—I’vejustreturned.I______toZhengzhouforameetinglastmonth.A.amsentB.wassentC.amsendingD.wassending
6.Theplay______atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown
7.—Who’sthelittlebabyinthephotoSusan—It’sme.Thisphoto______tenyearsago.A.takesB.istakenC.tookD.wastaken
8.Bettyisoftenseen______theoldmanwithhishousework.A.helpB.tohelpC.helpedD.helps
9.Itisreportedthatmorenewteachingbuildings______inourschoolinthenextterm.A.willbebuiltB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.willbuild
10.—Whydidn’tyougotothepartylastnight—BecauseI______.A.wasn’tinvitedB.didn’tinviteC.haven’tinvitedD.don’tinvited
(四)用所给词的适当形式填空
1.—Wheredidyougolastnight—I______________(ask)togotoLiLei’
2.Atthepartyyou______________(introduce)tothepresidenttomorrow.
3.Atalkonscience______________(give)inourschoolnextyear.
4.Thechildren______________(teach)toswimlastmonth.
5.Wealllikereadingthebooks______________(write)byChiLi.
6.Therecorder______________(repair)yesterday.Itworkswellnow.
4、现在完成时和情态动词的被动语态(have/hasbeendone;canbedone)Thebaskethasalreadybeenemptied.篮子已经被腾空了Theyhavealreadybeeninvited.他们已被邀请
5、现在进行时的被动语态(am/is/arebeingdone)Thetreesarebeingcutdownnow.现在正有人在砍树练习
(一)句型转换
1.Thepolicehavecaughtthethieves.(改为被动语态)_____________________________________________________
2.Wecan’ttakebooksoutofthereadingroom.(改为被动语态)_____________________________________________________
3.MayItakeaphotointhezoo(改为被动语态)_____________________________________________________
4.Howlonghavetheputerbeenusedbyyou(改为主动语态)_____________________________________________________
5.Hasthebigtreebeencutdownbyhim(改为主动语态)_____________________________________________________
6.Alltheinformationhasbeenusedforwritingthearticle.(对画线部分提问)_____________________________________________________
(二)用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.Ithinkonedaybooksmay______________(replace代替)pletely(完全地).
2.Papershouldnot______________(throw)away.
3.Booksandothermaterials(材料)can______________(borrow)fromthelibrary.
4.Thebox______________(fill)withshoesalready.
5.Thesebooks______________(musttake)goodcareofbyus.
(三)单项选择
1.China’ssportsstarsYaoMingandLiuXiang______GoodwillAmbassadors(亲善大使)forShanghai.A.hasbeennamedB.havebeennamedC.hasnamedD.havenamed
2.Tomakeourcitymorebeautifulrubbish______intotheriver.A.can’tthrowB.mustn’tbethrownC.needn’tbethrownD.mustbethrown
3.—Howbeautifulourhometownis!—Yestreesandflowers______everywhere.A.canbeseenB.canseeC.beseenD.can’tsee
4.—______yourhomework______—Notyet.A.Has;finishB.Has;beenfinishedC.Did;finishD.Did;finished
5.Thetickets______wellandhalfofthetickets______outbynow.A.sell;soldB.weresold;soldC.weresold;havesoldD.sell;havebeensold。