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2019-2020年高中英语必修五教案Unit5FirstaidⅠ.单元教学目标技能目标SkillGoals▲Talkaboutfirstaidandmedicine▲Practiceexpressinggivinginstructions▲LearnaboutEllipsis▲Practiceinstructionalwriting:firstaidinstructionsforparticularinjuriesⅡ.目标语言功能句式ExpressinginstructionsGiveothersyourpositivesuggestionsorordersWe/Youshould/oughtto...Pleasedo...Makesure...Youmust/haveto/oughtto...Youmustnever...Yououghtneverto...GiveothersyournegativesuggestionsorordersYoushouldnot...Yououghtnotto...Pleasedon’t...Youshouldnever...Youmust/shouldneverto...词汇1.四会词汇aidinjurybleedanklechokebloodbloodyburnorganpoisonraytreatmentliquidradiationmildirontissueelectricswelldamagejewellerysqueezewoundbandagesymptomkettlewristdampsleevethroatpresentceremonybraverytowelpressureambulanceauthentic2.认读词汇sprainessentiallayerhealblisterwaterycharnerveointmentinfectionlabelJasonSladestabschemebruise3.词组firstaidfallillelectricshocksqueezeoutoverandoveragaininplaceanumberofputone’shandsoncatchfireoughttohavetostaycalmkeepinmindmanagetoflowoutdieof4.重点词汇injurybleedswelldamagewounddampthroatpresentbraveryshouldoughttomakesurehaveto语法LearnaboutEllipsis重点句子
1.Burnsarecalledfirstdegreeburnsseconddegreeburnsorthirddegreeburns.P
342.Theseburnsaffectboththetoplayeroftheskin.P
343.Johnwaspresentedwithhisawardataceremonywhichrecognisedthebraveryoftenpeoplewhohadsavedthelifeofanother.P
384.TheydiscoveredthatAnneSlademotherofthreehadbeenstabbedrepeatedlywithaknife.P
385.ItwasJohn’squickactionandknowledgeoffirstaidthatsavedMsSlade’slife.P38Ⅲ.教材分析和教材重组
1.教材分析本单元以“急救”为中心话题,旨在通过单元教学,使学生了解相关的急救知识,并能用所学的有关firstaid的知识,根据不同情况提出急救措施,能牢固地掌握构词法和省略句,能写急救措施
1.1WARMINGUP提供了六幅有关firstaid的图片,展示各种事故:被蛇咬出血扭伤脚踝食物噎塞喉咙摔伤手臂鼻子流血让学生用已有的知识和经验讨论对这六种情况应该采取的急救措施,同时让学生意识到生活中我们可能会碰到各种各样的意外面对意外我们必须学会一些急救知识激发学生学习急救的知识兴趣树立安全意识
1.2PRE-READING是READING的热身活动它通过图片引起“烧伤”话题如何给烧伤做急救通过问学生是否见过烧伤伤口怎样如何进行急救等问题使学生自然地进入课文的学习
1.3READING是关于烧伤的急救方法先是介绍皮肤对人体的重要性既而介绍烧伤的各种起因三种不同的烧伤程度以及他们的症状和应该采取的急救措施文章用了小标题使文章脉络明晰通过阅读本文对如何处理烧伤的知识就一目了然并会在遇到紧急情况时镇定自若地进行急救
1.4PREHENDING设置了4个活动:第一个活动是排序这个活动有助于培养学生在阅读过程中通过抓关键词来捕捉主要信息的能力并通过排序理解行文线索和各个主要内容之间的内在联系;第二个活动是通过图片帮助学生了解三种不同的烧伤程度;第三个活动是正误判断帮助学生理解和记忆细节信息;第三个活动是回答问题检查学生对文章的理解情况培养学生的口头表达能力
1.5LEARNINGABOUTLANGUAGE分词汇和语法两部分词汇设置了2个练习一个是学习构词法练习同一词根的动词名词和形容词的拼写规律;另一个练习是填词根据回答补全单词这两个练习帮助学生巩固词汇还通过构词法教给学生拓展词汇的方法同时帮助学生巩固和理解阅读课文语法部分采用的是先发现后应用的学习方法认识什么是省略句设置两组练习一是根据省略的规律简化句子另一个是补写被省略的问题:什么是正确句子什么是好的句子
1.6USINGLANGUAGE这部分综合训练听说读写的能力阅读和讨论部分是一个真实的故事约翰·詹森和其它9人采取果断的急救措施,挽救了安斯莱德的生命文章设置4个练习练习
一、二针对阅读材料本身即故事的先后顺序和有关急救的内容;练习
三、四对文中人物及事件进行讨论读者不仅可以通过本文学到如何对被刺伤的人实施急救故事还歌颂了约翰·詹森的机智、勇敢和富于爱心同时表达了这样的主题:Asimpleknowledgeoffirstaidcanmakearealdifference.
1.7LEARNINGTIP就写作进行指导建议学生研究真实语篇研究它的组成部分、句子结构和所用的词语等如本单元,写作要考虑标题、祈使句、省略、急救措施的先后顺序
2.教材重组
2.1从话题内容上分析,WARMINGUP与SPEAKING相一致;而从训练目的上分析与TALKING比较一致从教材份量来说,可将WARMINGUP,SPEAKING和Workbook中的TALKING整合在一起,设计成一节任务型“口语课”
2.2将LISTENING和Workbook中的LISTENING和LISTENINGTASK整合在一起,设计成一节“听力课”
2.3可将PRE-READINGREADING和POST-READING三个活动整合在一起上一节“阅读课”
2.4可将LEARNINGABOUTLANGUAGE与Workbook中的USINGWORDSANDEXPRES-SIONS和USINGSRSTRUCTURES语法练习题整合在一起上一节“语言学习课”
2.5可将USINGLANGUAGE中Readinganddiscussing和Workbook中READINGTASK的Reading整合起来上一节“泛读课”
2.6将WRITING和Workbook中的Writing整合成一节“写作课”
3.课程设计与课时分配(经教材分析,根据学情,本单元可以用六课时完成)1stPeriodSpeaking2ndPeriodListening3rdPeriodReading4thPeriodLanguageStudy5thPeriodExtensiveReading6thPeriodWritingTheFirstPeriodSpeakingTeachinggoals教学目标
1.Targetlanguage目标语言a.重点词汇和短语aidfirstaid,fallill,illness,injury,bleed,sprain,ankle,choke,blood,bloody,burn,essential,organlayerpoisonraytreatmentb.交际用语We/youshould/oughtto...Pleasedo...Makesure...Youmust/haveto/oughtto...Youmustnever...Yououghtneverto...
2.Abilitygoals能力目标Enablethestudentstotalkaboutdifferentaccidentsandhowtogivefirstaidindifferentsituations.
3.Learningabilitygoals学能目标Helpthestudentslearnhowtogivefirstaidindifferentsituationsthroughdiscussion.Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints教学重难点Helpthestudentsusetheexpressionstodescribetheaccidentsandhowtogivefirstaid.Teachingmethods教学方法BrainstormanddiscussionGroupwork.Teachingaids教具准备Arecorderaprojectorandaputer.Teachingproceduresandways教学过程与方式StepⅠLead-inThewarmingupexercisemakesthestudentsunderstandtherearesomekindsofdangersinourdailylifesuchassnakebitebleedingasprainedanklechokingandsoon.What’smorethestudentsshouldbeaskedtoknowhowtopreventthesetroublesfromhappeningandhowtogivefirstaidwhentheyhappen.Talkaboutthepictureswiththeteacher’shelp.T:Lookatthepicturesonpage
33.Eachofthemisapictureofanaccident.Althoughsomeaccidentsaresmallandsomeaccidentsareserious.Youshouldknowhowtopreventtheseaccidentsfromhappeningandknowwhattodowhentheyhappen.Nowpleasediscussthefollowingquestionswithyourpartner.
1.Whatwouldyoudointheabovesituations
2.Whatcouldwedotopreventtheseaccidents
3.Whatdoyoualreadyknowaboutfirstaid
4.WhatnewwordsdoyouthinkwouldbeusefulwhenyoutalkaboutaccidentsandfirstaidDiscussion:Sa:TotellyouthetruthIwouldbeveryafraidanddonothingintheabovesituations.Sb:Itmeansyoudon’tknowmuchaboutfirstaidamIrightSa:Yes.Iknownothingaboutfirstaid.Sb:Ithinkweshouldstaycalmatfirst.Wecan’tbetoofrightenedtodoanything.Thenweshouldlearnsomethingaboutfirstaid.Sa:Inmyopinionitisthemostimportantthingtopreventtheseaccidentsfromhappening.Sb:Ican’tagreewithyoumore.Weshouldtryourbesttoavoidtheseaccidents.Wemustbeverycarefulwhenweareswimmingwalkingcookingandeveneating.BythewaywhatnewwordsdoyouthinkwouldbeusefulwhenyoutalkaboutaccidentsandfirstaidSa:Theaccidentsaredangeroustroublesomeandfrightening.Firstaidisveryusefulandnecessary.LookatthepicturestogetherandasktheSswhathashappenedineachone.T:WellcanIhelpyouThesepicturesareallabouttheaccidents.WhathashappenedineachoneWhatkindoffirstaidweshouldgiveinthesituationsWhataboutPicture1?S:Wecanseeamanwhomasnakehasbittenonhisle.g.Whenapersonisbittenbyasnakethepersonbittenmustgettoadoctororhospitalatonce.Speedisveryimportant.Itwillhelpthedoctorgreatlyifyoucantellhimwhatkindofsnakeitwasordescribethesituation.T:Good.WhataboutPicture2S:InPicture2wecanseeawomanwhohascutherarmwithsomebrokenglassandisbleedingbadly.T:YesthenhowtodofirstaidinthissituationS:Whensomeoneisbleeding:Trytostopthebleeding;Pressahandkerchiefontothebleedingpointandholditthere;Holdupthepartofbodywhichisbleedingifpossible.T:GoodwhataboutthethirdpictureS:Picture3isaboutaboywhohasbadlysprainedhisankleontheplaygroundandhisfriendsarerunningtowardshimtohelp.Heshouldtiehisanklewithmedicalbandage.Itisbettertoavoidwalkingwiththeinjuredankle.Itiscorrecttouseicebagforrelievingpainandbleeding.T:Good.ThenthefourthpictureS:Picture4thegirlsittingaroundthetableischokingwhensheiseatingsomething.Weshouldmakeherspitbypattingherback.Toavoidthisweshouldn’ttalkorlaughwheneating.T:Right.Let’stalkaboutthefifthpicture.S:Picture5theoldgrandmalyingonthegroundhasbrokenherarm.Weshouldnotmovethepatient.Sendforanambulanceatonce.Keepthearmstillusingaslingorgetthevictimtosupportthebrokenarmwiththeotherarm.T:WhataboutthelastpictureS:Inthelastpicturetheboyhasanosebleed.Heshouldstaycalm.Breathethroughthemouthnotthenose.Situpandbendtheheadslightlyforward.Pinchbothnostrilsshutusingathumbandforefinger.Spitoutanybloodthatcollectsinthemouth.T:Verygood.Allofyouhaveagoodknowledgeoffirstaid.Theseaccidentsareallterrible.Weshouldtryourbesttopreventtheseterribleaccidentsfromhappening.Forexamplewhenweareswimmingwecan’tswimalone.Wemustswimwithsomebodyelse.Besideswecan’tswimintherivertoodeep.Whenanaccidentdoeshappenweshouldkeepcalmandknowhowtodealwithitcorrectly.Solearningsomefirstaidknowledgeisofgreatimportancetoeveryone.StepⅡFurtherdiscussionGiveadvicetothepersonsintrouble.T:Ithinkyoumustknowsomethingabouttroublesandfirstaid.Nowpleasegiveyouradvicetothepersonsindifferentkindsoftroubles.Ss:OK.Showtheslide.DrowningTrafficaccidentBurnsBleedingCutsChokingYoursuggestionstothemT:Pleasegiveyoursuggestionstothevictimsinordertopreventdifferentkindsofaccidents.Forinstancetothepersonwhoisdrowningyoucansay:Neverswimalone./Learnhowtoswim./Don’tswimindangerousrivers.Nowpleaseworkinpairs.Threeminuteslater.T:OK.Iwillcheckyouranswers.TothepersoninatrafficaccidentwhatsuggestionwillyougivehimSs:Youshouldn’trideyourbicyclewithoutlookingatthetraffic.Followthetrafficrulesandbeattentiveandcareful.Neveruseacellphonewhileyouaredrivingridingabikeorwalkingonabusystreet.Usecrosswalksanddon’twalkonthestreet.Neverrunintraffic.T:WhatsuggestionwillyougivethevictimgettingburnsSs:Yououghttobecarefulwhencooking.Don’tleavelampsandcandlesburninginyourhouse.Don’tletchildrentouchflamesorhotliquid.T:WhatsuggestionwillyougivethevictimwhoisbleedingorwhosehandiscutSs:Youmustgotothenearesthospitalassoonaspossible.Don’tplaywithknivesorothersharpobjects.T:WhatsuggestionwillyougivethepersonwhoischokingSs:Youmustn’teattoofast.Don’tforgettochewyourfood.Don’ttalkwhilehavingfoodinthemouth.Somemoresituationsaregivenandencouragethestudentstotalkmore.T:Nowherearesomemoresituationspleasegivethefirstaidinstructionstothesituations.WhatshouldyoudoifsomeoneisdrowningS:Whensomeoneisdrowningfirstweshouldcheckifhe/sheisbreathingthentrytostarthis/herbreathing.Neverswimindeepwater.T:Good.WecallthisCPR=cardiopulmonaryresuscitation.NowifsomeonehasbeenhurtinatrafficaccidentwhatshouldwedoS:Inthetrafficaccidentfirstcallforadoctororanambulance.Weshouldmakesurethattheaccidentsceneissafeandthenfindouthowthepeopleinvolvedareinjured.Ifthereismorethanoneinjuredpersonweshouldhelpthemostseriouslyinjuredpersonfirst.Itisespeciallyimportanttohelpsomeonewhoisn’tmovingandseemstobeunconscious.Aninjuredpersonwhoisscreamingwithpainmayseemtoneedourhelptoobutifapersonisabletoscreamoraskforhelptheyareatleastconsciousandbreathing.Neverpullheroutofthecar.Findenoughpeopletoliftthecarsafelyandtakehertohospitalatonce.Lookatbothsideswhencrossingthestreet.T:Verygood.Nowweknowhowtodofirstaidsaccordingtodifferentsituations.StepⅢTalkingP39T:Nowlet’slookatthepicturesofExercise2onp39usethepicturesabovetohelpyougiveyourpartnerfirstaidinstructionsforeachsituation.Trytousetheusefulexpressions:Youshouldalways...Youmust...Makesurethat...Yououghtto/should...Youhaveto...Youshouldnot...Youshouldnever...Youmustnever...Never...Pleasedon’t...T:WhatshouldyoudowhenyoumeetthesituationinPicture1S:Ifwemeetthissprainedanklesituationweshouldhavethevictimsitdownandelevatethefoot.Weshouldmakesurehowseriousthesituationis.Perhapswemustputanicepackontheankletoreducetheswellingandthenputafirmbandagearoundthefootandankle.Itisbettertoavoidwalkingwiththeinjuredankle.HelptheSstotalkaboutothersituations.Burningclothes:Useablankettoputoutfireonthebody.Removeclothingfromburnedarea.Userunningwatertocooldown.Sentforadoctor.NosebleedsStaycalm.Breathethroughthemouthnotthenose.Situpandbendtheheadslightlyforward.Pinchbothnostrilsshutusingathumbandforefinger.Spitoutanybloodthatcollectsinthemouth.ChokingMakehim/herspitbypattinghim/herontheback.Toavoidthisweshouldn’ttalkorlaughwheneating.StepⅣTalkaboutsafetyaroundthehouseusingDosandDon’tsT:NowwearegoingtotalkaboutthesafetyaroundthehouseusingsomeDOSandDON’TS.Workinpairs.Telleachotherwhatyoushouldandshouldnotdo.T:NowanyonecantellussomethingaboutthesafetyforDOS.Sa:Wehavetomakesurethatelectricwiresaresafeandthatchildrencan’treachthem.Sb:Ifapanofoilcatchesfireturnoffthegasandcoverthepanquickly.Sc:Makesurethateveryoneinyourfamilyknowshowtocall110and
120.Sd:Learnmoreaboutfirstaid.T:GoodthencanyoutalkaboutitusingDON’TS.Sa:Don’tputpoisonsintoothercontainersforexampleemptybottles.Sb:Neverleavesmallthingsababycanputinitsmouthonthefloorortable.Sc:Don’tplaywithelectricalequipment.Sd:Neveruseladdersonawetfloor.T:Welldone!Don’tforgettophone110or120whennecessary.StepⅤTalkinginworkbookT:Justnowweknowhowtodosomefirstaidbutthat’snotenough.Weshouldmakesomeemergencycalltogivethepersonaquicktreatment.ThenhowtomakethiskindofcallNowchooseanemergencysituationandmakeadialogue.Makesuretheoperatorasksforalltheinformationincludingnameofthecallertelephonenumberaddresswhathashappenednumberofpeopleinvolved.NowpracticeinpairsandIlikesomepairstoshowtheirdialogues.T:Nowlet’sasksomepairtodothedialogue.Possibledialogue:Sa:Emergency.CanIhelpyouSb:Yesyougottohelpme—mysonhashadanaccident.Idon’tknowwhattodo.Sa:Nowcalmdown.Tellmeyournameandphonenumber—slowly.Sb:Ummm...MarryGrand.Ohyou’vegottosendanambulancenow.Sa:Yes.Iwill.Nowtakeadeepbreathandtellmeyourphonenumber.Sb:Yesyes...
342562178.Sa:Good.Nowtellmewhat’shappened.Sb:Wellmysonwasplayinginthegrasswhenhewasbittenbyasnake.Nowheislyingonthegroundbleeding.OhwhatshouldIdoSa:Wellwewillesoon.Justapplypressuretothebittenareawithyourhandsandthenassoonaspossiblewithabandagefirmlyoverthebite.Sb:OKthankyou.Bye.Sa:Waitweneedyouraddress.Sb:Ohyes.I’mjustsoworried.It’s23LoftStress.Sa:OKwe’llarrivesoon.StepⅥHomework
1.DotheSPEAKINGTASKinworkbookp
74.
2.Findmoreinformationaboutfirstaid—howtorescuebreathing.TheSecondPeriodListeningTeachinggoals教学目标
1.Targetlanguage目标语言a.重点词汇和短语unconsciousemergencynumberreachcupboardinvolvestressandintonationb.重点句式Sofarwe’velookedatfirstaidtreatmentsforburnsbleedingchoking...Stophimfromrunningaroundasthatmakesclothesburnfaster.
2.Abilitygoals能力目标Enablethestudentstolistenfordetailsandcatchthespecificinformationoffirstaidasmuchaspossible.
3.Learningabilitygoals学能目标HelptheSslearnhowtodorescuebreathingbylisteningtask.Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints教学重难点Listentothethreematerialsaboutafirstaidquizandanemergencyphonecallandtheinstructionsforrescuebreathingthenchoosethecorrectanswers.Teachingmethods教学方法Listeningandcooperativelearning.Teachingaids教具准备Arecorderaprojectorandaputer.Teachingproceduresandways教学过程与方式StepⅠRevisionHelptheSstochecktheirhomeworkonpage
74.Thestudents’textbooksshouldbeclosed.T:Lastclasswelearnedsomeknowledgeoffirstaid.HereI’dliketodoaquizaboutfirstaid.Dothisfirstaidquizingroups.Givereasonsforyouranswers.MarywhichpersonwouldyouhelpfirstReadthemultiplechoicesfromAtoD.S:C.GaoYuanwhoisonthegroundwithoutbreathing.Heisingreaterdangerofdyingthantheothersbecauseheisnotbreathing.Heneedsrescuebreathingtostarthisbreathingagain.T:WhenyouarecarryingoutrescuebreathingwheredoyoucheckforapulseHerearefouranswers.S:A.Theeasiestplacetocheckforapulseisoneitherofthecarotidarterieswhichrundownbothsidesoftheneck....HelptheSstodothequiz.StepⅡListeningPre-listeningT:Beforelisteninglet’slearnsomedifficultwordsandphrases.ReadthemandtellmetheChinesemeanings.unconscious;emergencynumber;reachcupboard;involve;stressandintonationShowthefollowingquestionsonthescreen.HaveyoueverhadtophoneanemergencynumberDoyouknowwhattelephonenumberyouwouldcallinamedicalemergencyWhattelephonenumberyouwouldcallinafireemergencyAndwhattelephonenumberyouwouldcallinapoliceemergencyLettheSsdiscussthesequestions.Givesomenecessaryhelp.Ss:120istheemergencyphonenumberfortheambulance;110forpolicestation;119forfirestation.T:OK.WhenwemakeanemergencycallwhatshouldwepayattentiontoYesweshouldre-membertotellwherewearewhathappenedthetelephonenumberetc.Nowwearegoingtolistentoanemergencyphonecall.Listenattentivelyandgetthegeneralidea.ListeningPlaythetapetwice.AndthenasktheSssomequestions.T:WhatcanyouhearinthelisteningS:Thelisteningpresentsanemergencyphonecallinwhichawomanisaskingforanambulanceforherdaughterwhohashadanaccident.T:Iplayitthesecondtime;youneedtofillintheblanks.Whileyouarelisteningyou’dbettermakenotesofthelisteningpoints.Listentotheconversationandpletethetableonpage69payattentiontothekeywords.Checktheanswers.MaketheSsunderstandallthefourquestions.Playthetapeandaskthemtoanswerthequestionsinpairs.Andthenchecktheanswerswiththewholeclass.T:CanyourememberthephrasestheoperatorusedtotryandmakeMrsGrantfeelmorerelaxedS:Nowcalmdown;Nowtakeadeepbreath.T:Arethereanyotherphrasesyoudidn’tunderstand...PlaythetapeagainandhelptheSstodealwiththedifficulties.StepⅢListeningP73Pre-listeningT:Nowlet’sgoontodoanotherlisteningpractice.Pleaseturntopage
73.Herearesomepicturesofhowtodorescuebreathing.WecallthewayCPR.WhatdoyouthinkrescuebreathingisS:Rescuebreathingiswhenyouhelpsomeonewhohasstoppedbreathingtostartbreathingagain.WhilelisteningT:Listentotheinstructionsforrescuebreathingnumbertheboxesforthecorrectorder.Writeaninstructionundereachpicture.Nowdiscusstheorderingroups.Numbertheboxestoshowthecorrectorderofthepictures.Writeaninstructionundereachpicture.Ss:7-5-2-4-8-6-1-31checkifconscious2putintorecoveryposition3clearairway4checkifbreathing5blowintomouthandwatchforbreathing6checkpulse7continuerescuebreathing8putintorecoverypositionPost-listeningT:Nowlet’slookatthepicturescanyouusethemasguidetotelleachotherhowtodorescuebreathing.Ss:
1.Weshouldcallforhelpthencheckwhetherunconscious.
2.Weshouldputthepersonintotherecoveryposition.
3.Wemayclearanythingintheairway.
4.Thenweshouldcheckforbreathing.
5.Blowintomouthusingthemouth-to-mouthmethod.
6.Checkpulse.
7.Weshouldcontinuebreathingat15breathaminute.
8.Atlastwhenthepersonbreathsagainputhim/herintherecoveryposition.T:Yesyouareright.Rescuebreathingisveryimportantinourdailylife.Ihopeonedaywhenyouneedityoucanuseitwell.StepⅣListeningP39T:Besidestherescuebreathingthereareotherwaystodofirstaids.Nowlet’slearnmoreaboutfirstaid.Turntopage
39.Hereisaquiz.Whileyoulistentoityoudon’tneedtocatcheverydetail.Onlyfocusonthetopics.Let’slistentoitandanswerthequestions.WhattopicsdoestheteacheraskquestionsaboutCirclethecorrectones.Checktheanswerwiththeclassmates.Asksomestudentstoanswer.StepⅤHomework
1.SearchmoreinformationaboutfirstaidontheInternet.
2.Prepareforreading:FIRSTAIDFORBURNS.TheThirdPeriodReadingTeachinggoals教学目标
1.Targetlanguage教学语言a.重点词汇和短语burnessentialorganlayerpoisonraytreatmentliquidradiationmildironhealtissueelectricswellswollenblisterwaterycharnervedamagejewellerysqueezeoutoverandoveragainbandageinplaceb.重点句式Burnsarecalledfirstdegreeseconddegreeorthirddegreeburns.Theseburnsarenotseriousandshouldfeelbetterwithinadayortwo.Firstdegreeburnsturnwhitewhenpressed.
2.Abilitygoals能力目标Enablethestudentstomastersomeknowledgeoffirstaid.
3.Learningabilitygoals学能目标Enablethestudentstolearnhowtogivetheircorrectsuggestionsaboutfirstaidwhenothersareindanger.Teachingimportantpoints教学重点LettheSslearntousethestructuresofgivingsuggestions.Teachingmethods教学方法Skimmingmethodandrole-playmethod.Teachingaids教具准备Aprojectoratape-recorderandablackboard.Teachingproceduresandways教学过程与方式StepⅠLead-inT:IthinkyoumustsurftheInternetafterclass.Youmustknowmoreaboutfistaid.NowwhocantelluswhatfirstaidisSs:Firstaidistheinitialcareofasuddenlysickorinjuredperson.Itisthecareadministeredbyapersonassoonaspossibleafteranaccidentorillness.Itisthispromptcareandattentionpriortothearrivaloftheambulancethatsometimesdrawsthelinebetweenlifeanddeathorbetweenafullorpartialrecovery.T:WhatarethemainaimsoffirstaidSs:Topreservelife;Toprotectthecasualtyfromfurtherharm;Torelievepain.T:Throughoutlifeyouwillfaceinjuriesofdifferentkinds;whetheritisasimplepapercutoraseverechemicalburneveryaccidentmustbedealtwithintherightway.Herearetwosituations:Ahahotsummermorning.Perfectforthebeachexercise.Afteranicebriskswimintherefreshingtideyoucurluponyourbeachchairwithyourheadphonesandabook.Asyousitcontentedlyyoureyesslowlyfallshutinamid-daynap.Whenyouawakethesunisalittlelowerintheskythepeoplenexttoyouhaveleftandyourexposedskinisstartingtolookasuspiciousshadeofbrightred.DoyouknowwhattodoYouarebabysittingtheneighbor’skidsandasyouarepreparingdinneryouturnaroundforamomenttorinseoffthespoon.Suddenlyyouhearaclatterofpansandahighpitchedcrythatsendsyouradrenalineintooverdrive.Youspinaroundandseethelittlegirlclutchingherhandhertearsstreamingfromhereyesthetelltalepotofhotwaterspilledontheground.DoyouknowwhattodoStepⅡPre-readingT:Todaywearegoingtolearnfirstaidforburns.Firstlookatthepictureonpage33andanswer:WhathashappenedinthepictureSa:Thechildhaspulledboilingwaterontoherself.T:WhatsortofinjuresthechildwillhaveSb:Shewillhavebadburns.T:Inoureverydaylifewewillfacedifferenttypesofburns.Aburncanbecausedbyheatflameshotgreaseorboilingwaterthesunsolarradiationchemicalsanexplosionorelectricity.Whenaburnbreakstheskininfectionandlossoffluidcanoccur;burnscanalsoresultindifficultybreathing.Sometimesaburnvictimhastroublebreathing.Burnscausedbyflamesorhotgreaseusuallyrequiremedicalattentionaswellespeciallyifthevictimisachildoranelderlyperson.WhatkindoffirstaidwouldyouperforminthissituationWhatshouldyoudoS:Thiskindofburnswascausedbyboilingwater.Iwouldperformfirstaidforburns.Cooltheareaofskinatonce.Washtheareaofskinunderthecoldtapforseveralminutes.Coverthewoundwithaloosebandageorapieceofdrycleancloth.Seeadoctorifachildhasbeenburntbadlyorifmorethantenpercentofthebodyhasbeenburnt.T:HaveyouorsomeoneyouknoweverbeenburnedWhatdidtheburnlooklikeDidanyoneperformfirstaidWhatdidhedoYoucanusethesewordsthatmighteupinrelationtothecharacteristicsofburnsare:redwhiteblackwateryblisterspainfulswollen.Askthestudentstohaveadiscussioningroupsandthenanswerthequestionsabouttheirownvariousexperiences.Afterafewminutes.T:Nowstoptalking.Wearegoingtogettheanswersfromthetext.Let’sreadthetextandtrytofindtheanswers.StepⅢWhile-readingT:ThepassageisatextfromabookcalledFirstAidfortheFamily.Itisaquick-referencebookwhichisorganizedunderheadingsinsuchawaythatreaderscanquicklyfindtheinformationtheywant.Inthistypeoftextitismonforinformationtobeinnoteform.Itisalsomonthatellipsisisusedingivinginstructions.Thearticletheisoftenomittedintheinstructionsunder‘Firstaidtreatment’forexamplecoverburntareainsteadofcovertheburntarea;holdbandageinplaceinsteadofholdthebandageinplace.Whilereadingyoushouldpaymoreattentiontothiskindofellipsis.SkimmingAsktheSstoreadthetitleofthetextandtheheadingswithinit.Skimforgeneralidea.T:WhatisthetopicofthetextandhowistheinformationorganizedS:Itisaboutfirstaidforburnsandtheinformationisorganizedaccordingtocausestypescharacteristicsandfirstaidtreatmentforburns.T:HowistheinformationorganizedwithintheheadingsoftypesofburnsandcharacteristicsofburnsS:Theinformationisorganizedaccordingtothetypesofburns:firstdegreeseconddegreeandthirddegreeburns.T:NowpleasequicklyglanceattheinformationundertheheadingofFirstaidtreatmentandtellmewhytheinformationisnumberedS:Thenumbersindicatethestepsyoushouldtaketotreataburnintheorderthattheyshouldhappen.Especiallypayattentiontothateachstepgivesaninstructionusingtheimperative.T:HowmanypartsarethetextdividedintoandwhataretheyAfterafewminutes.SetEx1inprehending.S:Itcanbedividedinto5parts.
1.thefunction/purposeofskin
2.howwecangetburns
3.thethreetypesofburns
4.thesymptomsofburns
5.whattodoifsomeonegetsburnedStepⅣDetailreadingT:Good.Payattentiontothetitleandsubtitles.Itclearlyshowsthemainideaofeachparagraph.We’veknownthemainideaofthearticlefromtheheadings.Nowlet’sgettodetails.Let’sreadthefirstparagraphandanswerthequestion:WhatcanskindoforourbodyDiscusstheanswerwithyourpartnerthentellustheanswer.S:Protectyouagainstdiseasespoisonsandthesun’sharmfulrays;Keepyouwarmorcool;Preventyoufromlosingwater;Givesyousenseoftouch.T:Verygood.Sofirstaidisaveryimportantstepintreatmentofburns.HowcanwegetburntNowlet’sreadthesecondparagraphandanswerthequestion.S:Wecangetburntby:hotliquidssteamfireradiationthesunelectricityandchemicals.T:Good.Thenlet’setothethirdparagraphseehowmanytypesofburns.WhataretheyS:Threearethree.Firstdegree:Theyarenotserious.Theyaffectonlythetoplayeroftheskin.Victimsfeelbetterinadayortwo.Seconddegree:Theseconddegreeburnsaffectboththetopandthesecondlayeroftheskin.Theseburnsareserious.Victimshouldtakeafewweekstoheal.Thirddegree:Thesearetheseriousdegreeburns.Theseburnsareverysevereinjuries.Theyaffectallthreelayersoftheskinandanytissueandorgansundertheskin.Victimsmustgettoahospitalatonce.T:Verygood.Mostgoodreaderssurveytextsinthiswaybeforetheystarttoreadthetextindetail.Ifyousurveyatextitmakesiteasiertounderstanditbecauseyoualreadyknowsomethingaboutthecontentandtheorganization.NowreadEx.
2.Youdon’thavetoreadthewholetexttofindtheinformationyouneedtoanswerthisquestion.WhichpartofthetextdoyouneedtolookatS:ThesectionundertheheadingCharacteristicsofburns.Labelthepictureswiththreedegreeburns.TheseconddegreeburnThefirstdegreeburntThethirddegreeburnChecktheanswerswiththem.AndthendoEx.
4.T:Afterreadinglet’sanswersomequestions.Youmaydiscussingroupsfor5minutesthenwewillchecktheanswers.
1.WhyshouldyouputcoldwateronaburnThecoldwaterstopstheburningprocessstopsthepainandpreventsorreducesswelling.
2.Whydoesn’tathirddegreeburnhurtBecausethenerveshavebeendamaged.Iftherearenonervesthereisnopain.
3.WhydoyouthinkclothesandjewellerynearburnsshouldberemovedBecausethismaybreakanyblistersandthewoundmaygetinfected./Bacteriafromtheclothesandjewellerycouldinfecttheburns.
4.IfsomeonehasathirddegreeburnwhymightyouseetissueBecauseallthelayersoftheskinhavebeenburntshowingthetissueunderneath./Theseaffectallthreelayersoftheskinandanytissueandorgansundertheskin.StepⅤLanguagepointsT:DoyouhaveanyquestionsS:YesIdon’tknowwhatisusageofsenseandunlessandthephraseintheplace.T:Wellletmeshowyou.Let’swatchthePower-Point.▲phraseswithsensesenseoftouchsenseofsightsenseofhearingsenseoftastesenseofsmellsenseofhumorsenseofbeautysenseofurgency▲unless:除非……;如果不……Don’tmakeitpublicunlessIagree.Unlessthedestructionoftheozonelayerstopsthepolaricecapscouldmeltwithterribleconsequences.▲Makesomenoect.differenceItshowsthataknowledgeoffirstaidcanmakearealdifference.Itmakesnodifferencetomewhereyouefrom.StepⅥSummaryandhomeworkT:Thisarticleistryingtotellusfirstaidisimportant.Peoplewhohavewitnessedanaccidentoftenwishthattheyhaddonethingsdifferently.Secondscountinanemergencyandknowingwhattodocanmeanthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.Themostimportantthingtokeepinmindwhendealingwithanemergencyistostaycalm.Ifweweretopanicwecouldnotbeabletohelp.Bystayingcalmwewillbeabletothinkwhattodoandmakebetterdecisions.Wecanalsoprepareforanemergencybylearningmoreaboutfirstaid.Callinganambulanceorthepoliceisimportantbutthereismorewecanandshoulddo.Ifweknowhowtorespondwecansavelives.Thispassagedoesnotcontainenoughinformationforyoutodofirstaidcorrectly!Youhavetostudywithateacher.Howeverafterafewhoursofstudyyouwillmanagetoknowenoughtosaveotherpeople’slives.Somuchfortoday.HereIliketoremendthistoyou.Ifyouwantmoretipsaboutfirstaidandwaystodealwithmoninjuriesrefertothefollowingwebsites.healthy.net/clinic/firstaid/kidshealth.org/parent/firstaid_safe/mi.essortment/firstaid_rfrg.htmemedicinehealth/articles/25936-
71.FinishtheExesonpage
36.
2.Previewthematerialthenextextensivereading.TheFourthPeriodLanguageStudyTeachinggoals教学目标
1.Targetlanguage语言目标a.重点词汇和短语aidfirstaidillnessinjurypoisonousburnswollendamagetreatmentwoundedinfectorgancausecharacteristicselectric.fallill.b.重点句式Burnsarecalledfirstdegreeburnsseconddegreeburnsorthirddegreeburns.Theseburnsaffectboththetopandsecondlayeroftheskin.
2.Abilitygoals能力目标EnabletheSstolearnaboutEllipsis.
3.Learningabilitygoals学能目标LettheSslearnhowtouseEllipsis.Teachingimportant/difficultpoints教学重难点EnabletheSslearnhowtouseEllipsis.Teachingaids教具准备Aprojectorandablackboard.Teachingproceduresandways教学过程与方式StepⅠRevisionGreetthewholeclassasusual.Checksthestudents’homework.StepⅡWordStudyT:Nowpleaseopenyourbooksandturntopage
36.Let’slearn“LearningaboutLanguage”.Firstlet’sdoDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressions.pletethetablewiththecorrectverbsnounsoradjectives.YouaretoexplainthewordsonthescreeninEnglishandthenfillintheblanks.Askstudentstoexplainorguessthemeaningsofthewords.injurypoisonousburnswollendamagetreatmentwoundedinfect▲injuryn.physicaldamagedonetoapersonorapartoftheirbodyadjectivesfrequentlyusedwithinjury:minormultipleserioussevereslightinjuredadj.hurtinanaccidentorattackbeseriously/badly/severelyinjuredinjurevt.[oftenpassive]tohurtsomeoneandcausedamagetotheirbodyNinepeoplediedand54wereinjuredintheaccident.▲treatvtbehavetowardsb.;dealwithsth.;cureillness;protect/preservesth.;benicetosb.Wordsfrequentlyusedwithtreat:Adverbs:badlycruellyequallyfairlyharshlylenientlyshabbilyunfairlyunjustlyNouns:diseaseillnesspatientsymptomdisorderailmente.g.Shefeltshehadbeenunfairlytreatedandplainedtoherboss.treatn.somethingspecialthatyoudoorbuyforyourselforsomeoneelseFrequentlyusedwiththefollowingadjectives:greatrarerealspecialoccasional.e.g.Asaspecialtreatwewereallowedtostayupuntilmidnight.Iwishyouwouldstoptreatingmelikeachild!treatableadj.atreatableillnessormedicalconditioncanbecuredbymedicaltreatmenttreatmentn.theprocessofprovidingmedicalcaree.g.Thepatientisrespondingwelltotreatment....pletethequestionswithwordsfromthetext.Thestudentswilltrytopletetheexercises.Latertheteacherwillasksomeofthemtoreadeachofthesentencesandtelltheclasstheanswers.StepⅢGrammarT:Let’slookatthenextGrammarPresentsomesentencesandencouragethestudentstofindoutwhichwordshavebeenleftout.T:Observethefollowingsentencesanddiscusswithyourpartnertofindoutwhathavebeenleftout.Letmeshowyouanexample.Asweknowwhenpeoplewantthespeakertorepeatwhathesaidtheyusuallysay“Begyourpardon.”ThenitiscalledEllipsis.Thesubject“I”hasbeenleftoutwithoutchangingthemeaningofthesentence.OKnowit’syourturntofindoutwhathavebeenleftout.
1.Thankyou.
2.Somemoretea
3.Soundslikeagoodidea.
4.Doesn’tmatter.
5.Sorrytohearthat.
6.Pityyoucouldn’te
7.Thiswayplease.
8.Terribleweather!
9.Joiningusforadrink
10.Goingtothesupermarket
11.Dr.Robertson
12.AnynewsSuggestedanswers:
1.Ithankyou.
2.Wouldyoulikesomemoretea
3.That/Itsoundslikeagoodidea.
4.Itdoesn’tmatter.
5.I’msorrytohearthat.
6.It’s/Whatpityyoucouldn’te.
7.Stepthiswayplease.
8.Whatterribleweatheritis!
9.Areyoujoiningusforadrink
10.Areyougoingtothesupermarket
11.AreyouDr.Robertson
12.IsthereanynewsT:Abouttheomission:
1.Inafamiliarspeechthesubjectissometimesleftoutwhenitisapronoun;
2.Sometimesevenmorethanthesubjectmaybedroppedatthebeginningofasentenceifthemeaningisclear;Thoughthe‘preparatorythere’isnotasubjectitbehaveslikeoneandisoftenomitted;
3.Toavoidrepetitionaverbisfrequentlyleftoutwhenthesameverbhasappearedinanearlierpartofthesentence:Thenwintercameandwithitcamethesnow.
4.Omissionoftheauxiliaryortheprincipalpartoftheverbpoundisveryfrequent:Summerhadeandhadgone.Canyoudothat—YesIcandoit.
5.Theverbdo/does/didfrequentlystandsforanotherverbwhichhasappearedearlier.Thisisaveryimportantuseofthisauxiliarywhichesinveryhandyattimes.AsthereisnocounterpartofitinChineseitshouldbethoroughlymasteredthroughconstantpractice.e.g.Doyougothereeveryday—YesIdo=gothereeveryday.Didyouseeher—YesIdid=sawher.ShallIreadit—Pleasedo=readit.IlikeBeijingverymuchaseverybodydoes=likesitwhohasbeenthere.StepⅣPractisingDiscoveringusefulstructurespage
371.Ingroupslookatthesepairsofsentences.DiscussthedifferencebetweenAandBineachpair.AlsodiscusswhichisthebettersentenceAorBandWhy.
2.Rewritethesesentencestakingouttheunnecessaryparts.
3.Thesesentencesarecorrect.Howeveroneormorewordshavebeenleftout.Rewriteeachsentenceonthetopofthenextpagetoincludethemissingwords.▲ShowthestudentstheslideswithsomemultiplechoicesexercisesabouttheEllipsis.1.—Tomorrowisaholiday.Whyareyoudoingyourhomework—IamdoingtheseexercisesnowsothatIwon’thave_____onSunday.A.itB.themC.forD.to2.—ShallIinviteAnntomybirthdaypartytomorrowevening—Yes.It’llbefineifyou______.A.areB.canC.inviteD.do3.Ratherthan_____onacrowedbushealwaysprefers_____abicycle.A.riderideB.ridingrideC.ridetorideD.torideriding
4.—I’llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat—Notatall.______.A.I’venotimeB.I’drathernotC.I’dlikeitD.I’dbehappyto5.—Won’tyouhaveanothertry—________.A.YesIwillhaveB.YesIwon’thaveC.YesIwon’tD.YesIwill
6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreetbuthismothertoldhim_____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.nottodoitD.donotto
7.—Doyouthinkitwillsnowtomorrow—______A.Idon’tthinkB.NoIdon’tthinkC.Idon’tthinksoD.NoIdon’tso
8.—Haveyoufedthecat—Nobut______.A.I’mB.IamC.I’mjustgoingD.I’mjustgoingtoStepⅤHomework
1.GoovertheusageofEllipsis.
2.FinishlistingstructuresonPage71Exes.
12.
3.PrepareReadinganddiscussingonPage
38.TheFifthPeriodExtensiveReadingTeachinggoals教学目标
1.Targetlanguage语言目标a.重点词汇和短语presentputtheirhandsonceremonybraverytowelspressurekitslipperyladderstoveappliancesunplughairdryerextinguisherscurtainswiresoutletsb.重点句式Johnwaspresentedwithhisawardataceremonywhichrecognizedthebraveryoftenpeoplewhohadsavedthelifeofanother.ItwasJohn’squickactionandknowledgeoffirstaidthatsavedMsSlade’slife.
2.Abilitygoals能力目标Enablethestudentstodescribethestory:HeroicTeenagerReceivesAward.
3.Learningabilitygoals学能目标HelptheSslearnhowtodescribethestoryintheirownwords.Teachingimportantpoints教学重点Finishtheexercisesonpage
39.Teachingmethods教学方法Listeningfastreadinganddiscussion.Teachingaids教具准备Arecorderaprojectorandaputer.Teachingproceduresandways教学过程和方式StepⅠRevisionShowthestudentsaslidewithsomenewwordsT:WhatistheChinesemeaningofthempresentputtheirhandsonceremonybraverytowelspressureanumberofAmbulanceStepⅡPre-readingThepassageisintheformofanewspaperarticleandisanexampleofhowknowledgeoffirstaidcansavelives.LettheSsdiscussthefollowingscenario=situationingroups.T:Nowboysandgirlsimagineyoucanhearsomeonescreaming.Youfindhimsittingonthegroundbleedingheavilyfromdeepknifewoundsinhishands.WhatwouldyoudoWillyouhelphimWillyoucallthepoliceandambulanceorwhetheryouperformfirstaidAfterafewminutesthediscussionisover.T:TodaywearegoingtolearnastoryHeroicTeen-agerReceivesAward.SkimthenewspaperarticleandputtheeventsinthecorrectorderinEx.
1.Fiveminuteslaterchecktheanswers.T:Good.Fromtheanswerweknowthemainideaofthenews.Oftenwereadersonlywanttogetaquickideaofanewspaperarticleanddonotwanttoknowallthedetails.Forthisreasontheymightreadjusttheheadlineandthefirstparagraph.Thisisbecausetheheadlinegivesreadersaclueaboutthecontentandthefirstparagraphgivesthemostimportantinformation.Soweshouldpayattentiontothefirstparagraph.Itmaygiveusalotofinformationthatanswersthefive“W”Questions:WhoWhatWhenWhereWhyAndalsoHowLettheSsreadtheheadlineofthenewspaperarticleonp
38.T:WhatdoyouthinkthestoryisaboutbyreadingthisheadlineS:Fromtheheadlinewecanguessthatthestoryisaboutayoungmanwhosetsusagoodexamplebecausehecouldsaveone’slifeusinghisknowledgeoffirstaid.AskstudentstoreadthefirstparagraphandwritethefollowingquestionwordsontheBb.T:Nowreadtheheadlineandthefirstparagraphtoseeifyoucanfindtheanswertothe5WQuestions.WhoWhatWhenWhereWhySs:YesIcanfind:Who—JohnJanson;What—washonouredattheLifesaverAwards;When—lastnight;Where—inRivertown;Why—forcarryingoutlifesavingfirstaidonhisneighbourafterashockingknifeattack.T:Right.Soweshouldpaymoreattentiontothehead-lineandthefirstparagraph.StepⅢWhilereadingAsktheSstoreadthenewsfrombeginningtoend.Andthenlistentothetapeandanswerthequestions.
1.WhatdidJohndowhenheheardthescreamingHewasstudyinginhisroom.
2.WhathappenedtoAnneShehadbeenstabbedrepeatedlywithaknife.Shewaslyinginherfrontgardenbleedingveryheavily.Herhandshadalmostbeencutoff.
3.WhatsavedMsSlade’slifeItwasJohn’squickactionandknowledgeofthefirstaidthatsavedherlife.
4.WhatfirstaiddidJohnperformonAnneJohndressedMsSlade’sinjurieswithteatowelsandappliedpressuretothewoundstoslowthebleeding.
5.WhatadjectiveswouldyouusetodescribeJohn’sactionsGiveatleastthree.Braveheroiccourageousquick-thinkingquick-mindedhelpfulfearlessunselfishconfidentStepⅣDiscussionDividetheclassintogroupstodiscusstheissuesinEx.
4.MakethediscussionsmorelivelybyencouragingtheSstothinkofdifferentscenariossuchas:
1.DoyouthinkJohnwassillyorbravetogetinvolvedinthesituationGivereasons.
2.WouldyouhavedonethesameasJohnGivereasons.
3.DoyouthinkitisworthwhiletotakeacourseinfirstaidGivereasons.
4.Whatiftheattackerhadstillbeenatthesceneofthestabbing
5.Whatiftheattackerhadgonebuthadthenreturnedtothewoman
6.WhatifthewomanhadAIDS
7.WhatifJohnhadperformedfirstaidonthewomanbutshediedanywayHowwouldhefeelabouthavingtriedtohelpherShowtheaboveonthescreen.T:Nowlet’sdiscusstheabovequestions.Thestudentsdiscussfor5minutesingroupsandthensharetheirideas.Encouragethestudentstoexpresstheirideas.Haveeachgroupappointaspokespersontopresenttheirviewstotheclass.Differentanswersarewele.Forexample:Sa:Johnwassilly:hecouldhavebeenattackedalsoitwasnoneofhisbusinessthewomanmighthavehadAIDS.Sb:Hewasbrave:hecouldhavebeenattackedtoobuthedidn’tthinkabouthisownsafty.Allhethoughtaboutwashowtohelpthevictim.Sc:TheChinesesayingSaveingonelifeisbetterthanbuildingupa7-floortower.Ithinkanyonewhoisinthatsituationshouldhelpher....T:Fromthediscussionwecandrawaconclusionthatlearningfirstaidknowledgeisveryimportant.Youcanuseittohelpothersevensaveone’slife.Sotrytodofirstaidbeforethedoctores.StepⅤTaskShowthefollowingpassagesonthescreen.LettheSsreadthemandthentalkabouthowtodofirstaidfordrowning.Mostchildrenenjoyplayinginwaterinhotsummer.It’smessyandnoisyandfun.Watercanalsobedangerous.It’shardtorememberthatsomethingsoenjoyablecanalsobedeadly.Takethetimetoprotectyourchildrenfromthedangersofwater—aplayfulfriendthatcanstealtheirlivesinmereminutes.Morethan1000Americanyoungstersdrowneachyear.NeighborhoodswimmingpoolsAbout300childrenundertheageof5drowneachyearinU.S.swimmingpools.Atthetimeoftheincidentsmostvictimswerebeingsupervisedbyoneorbothparents.Nearly70percentofthechildrenwerenotexpectedtobenearthepoolwhentheywerefoundinthewater.Ittakesonlyafewminutesforachildtodrown.Morethanthree-quartersofchildrenwhodrownatneighborhoodpoolsaremissingfromsightforlessthanfiveminutes.Drowningisalsoasilentdeath.Thereisnosplashingtoalertanyonethatthechildisintrouble.Thekeytopreventingthesetragediesistohavemultiplelevelsofprotection.Thefollowingprecautionscanhelpkeepchildrensaferaroundswimmingpools:Fenceitin.Poolsshouldbepletelysurroundedbyfencingmaterialatleast4feettall.Chainlinkworkswell.Aslattedfenceshouldhavenogapswiderthan4inchessokidscan’tsqueezethrough.Gatesshouldbeself-closingandself-latching.Thelatchshouldbeoutofachild’sreach.Installalarms.Ifyourhouseisoneofthewallsofyourpoolenclosuredoorsleadingtothepoolareashouldbeprotectedwithalarms.Inadditionaddanunderwaterpoolalarmthatsoundswhensomethinghitsthewater.Makesureyoucanhearthealarminsidethehouse.Coveritup.Amotor-poweredsafetycovercanprovideabarrieroverthewaterwhenthepoolisnotinuse.Thecovershouldwithstandtheweightoftwoadultsandachildincasearescueisneeded.Chooseanabove-groundpool.Above-groundpoolsaremuchsaferthanin-groundpoolsbecausetheheightofthepoolservesasabarrier.Howeveryoushouldremovethestepsorlockthembehindafencewhenthepoolisnotbeingused.Teachchildrentoswim.Butrememberthatswimminglessonswon’tdrown-proofyourchild.Theagetoteachchildrentoswimisthesameastorideabikeage
5.Childrenundertheageof4usuallyaren’tdevelopmentallyreadyforformalinstructionsinswimming.Removetoys.Don’tleavepooltoysbobbinginthewaterwhennooneisusingthepool.Childrenmaytrytoretrieveatoyandfallin.Keepyoureyespeeled.Neverleaveachildun-supervisednearapool.Duringsocialgatheringsnearpoolsadultscantaketurnsbeingthe“designatedwatcher.”NaturalbodiesofwaterSwimmingconditionsareunpredictableinlakesriversandoceans.Thedepthcanchangerapidlyascanwatertemperaturecurrentsandtheweather.Murkywatermayconcealhazards.Followthesetipstobesafer:Don’tswimalone.Teachchildrennevertoswimaloneorwithoutadultsupervision.Wearalifejacket.Childrenshouldberequiredtowearapersonalflotationdevicewheneverridinginaboatorfishingevenalongariverbank.Air-filledswimmingaidssuchaswaterwingsarenosubstituteforalifejacket.Jumpbeforeyoudive.Thefirstrapiddescentintoanybodyofwatershouldbeajump—feetfirst.Divingintounknownwatercanresultinasmashedskullorabrokenneck.Avoidalcohol.Accidentsincreasewiththeamountofalcoholconsumed.Teenageboysareathighestrisk.Bewareofthinice.Drowningscanoccurinthewintertoo.Avoidwalkingskatingorridingonweakorthawingiceonanybodyofwater.★Lookatthetwopicturesonthescreen.Imaginethatyouareatthescene.WhatshouldyoudoWhatfirstaidwillyouperformonthedrowningApossibleanswer:Yourfirstpriorityistogetadrowningchildoutofthewaterassoonaspossible.Ifsheisn’tbreathingplaceheronherbackonafirmsurface.Immediatelybeginrescuebreathingbelowandhavesomeonecallforhelp.Don’tassumeit’stoolatetosaveachild’slife—evenifshe’sunresponsivecontinueperformingCPRanddonotstopuntilmedicalprofessionalstakeover.
1.Toopenyourchild’sairwaygentlytiltherheadbackwithonehandandliftherchinwiththeother.Putyoureartothechild’smouthandnoseandlooklistenandfeelforsignsthatsheisbreathing.
2.Ifyourchilddoesn’tseemtobebreathingInfantsunderage1:Placeyourmouthoverinfant’snoseandlipsandgivetwobreathseachlastingabout1/2seconds.Lookforthechesttoriseandfall.Children1andolder:Pinchchild’snoseandsealyourlipsoverhermouth.Givetwoslowfullbreaths1/2to2secondseach.Waitforthechesttoriseandfallbeforegivingthesecondbreath.
3.Ifthechestrisescheckforapulseseenumber
4.Ifthechestdoesn’trisetryagain.Retilttheheadliftthechild’schinandrepeatthebreaths.
4.CheckforapulsePuttwofingersonyourchild’snecktothesideoftheAdam’sappleforinfantsfeelinsidethearmbetweentheelbowandshoulder.Waitfiveseconds.Ifthereisapulsegiveonebreatheverythreeseconds.Checkforapulseeveryminuteandcontinuerescuebreathinguntilthechildisbreathingonherownorhelparrives.
5.Ifyoucan’tfindapulseInfantsunderage1:Imaginealinebetweenthechild’snipplesandplacetwofingersjustbelowitscenterpoint.Applyfivehalf-inchchestpressionsinaboutthreeseconds.Afterfivepressionssealyourlipsoveryourchild’smouthandnoseandgiveonebreath.Children1andolder:Usetheheelofyourhandbothhandsforateenageroradulttoapplyfivequickone-inchchestpressionstothemiddleofthebreastbonejustabovewheretheribsetogetherinaboutthreeseconds.Afterfivepressionspinchyourchild’snosesealyourlipsoverhismouthandgiveonefullbreath.Allages:Continuethecycleoffivechestpressionsfollowedbyabreathforoneminutethencheckforapulse.Repeatcycleuntilyoufindapulseorhelparrivesandtakesover.StepⅥHomeworkWriteashortdescriptionofanaccidentandhowtodealwiththeinjuriesintheaccident.TheSixthPeriodWritingTeachinggoals教学目标
1.Targetlanguage目标语言a.重点词汇和短语kitslipperyladderstoveappliancesunplughairdryerextinguisherscurtainswiresoutletsb.重点句式Makesurethefloorisnotslippery.Followinstructionsforallelectricalappliancescarefully.Unplugallappliancesespeciallyironsafteruse.Whencookingdonotletoiltouchflamesorothersourcesofheat.
2.Abilitygoals能力目标Enablethestudentstowritealetteraskingtheirprincipaltoorganizeafirstaidcourseattheschool.
3.Learningabilitygoals学能目标HelptheSslearnhowtowritetheletter.Teachingimportantanddifficultpoint教学重难点LettheSsexplaintheimportanceofdoingafirstaidcourseintheletter.Teachingmethods教学方法DiscussionGroupworkandwritingindividual.Teachingaids教具准备Arecorderaprojectorandaputer.Teachingproceduresandways教学过程和方式StepⅠHomeworkcheckingAskthestudentstoshowtheirpositionsoffirstaid.Iftherearesomemistakespointthemout.StepⅡReadingAsktheSstoreadthetitleofthetextandtheheadingswithinit.T:What’sthetopicofthetextandhowistheinformationorganizedS:Itisaboutsafetyinthehomeandtheinformationisorganizedaccordingtoparticularroomsandalsotoonecauseofaccidents—fires.TelltheSstolookatthepictures.T:WhatdoyouthinkthesethreepicturesaretellingusS:Toturnsaucepanhandlestowardsthebackofastove;Nottouseahairdryernearwater;Tokeepafireextinguisherinthekitchen.T:WhatdoyouthinkthepurposeofthepicturesisS:Theyemphasizesomepointsinthepamphlet.T:What’sthepurposeofthepamphletS:Totellushowtokeepasafehome;howtopreventaccidentsinthehome.StepⅢDiscussionT:WhatthingsathomecanbedangerousS:electricalequipmentpoisonselectricfiresladderskniveshotwaterwindowsT:HowtopreventusfrombeinginjuredathomeForexampleinthekitchen.S:Inthekitchen:·Makesurethefloorisnotslippery;·Alwaysusealaddertoreachhighcupboards;·Don’tstandonchairstoreach;·Keepawindowopenwhenweusegasfires;·Keepmatchesoutofthereachofchildren;·Don’tleavematchesanywhere;·Alwayscutawayfromyourbodywhenyouuseaknife;·Unplugallappliancesespeciallyironsafteruse;·Makesurethatelectricwiresaresafeandthatchildrencan’ttouchthem;·Don’tleavesmallthingsonthefloorortablewhichababycanputinitsmouth;...T:WhatshouldyoudoifyouarebadlyburntLookatthetwopictures.S:Cooltheareaofskinatonce.Washtheareaofskinunderthecoldtapforseveralminutes.Putapieceofdrycleanclothovertheareaoftheburn.T:HowdoyoudealwithasimplecutS:Washtheareaofthecutdryitandcoveritwithapieceofdrycleancloth.LetthestudentswritemoreadviceGasfires:Ifyouareusingoneofthesecheckthatawindowisopen.Water:Makesurethatyoungchildrencannotgetclosetopoolslakesandriversbythemselves.Ladders:Don’tuseonawetfloor.Getsomeonetoholdtheladderforyou.Don’treachsidewayswhilestandingonaladder.Getdownfirstandmovetheladder.StepⅣPracticewritingT:Wehavelearntabitaboutsomefirstaidtreatmentsinthisunit.Nowwearegoingtowritealettertotheprincipalandrequestthathe/sheorganizeafirstaidcourseforus.Thisisaguidedexercisewhereyouhavetopletepartsoftheletter.Nexttotheletteryouaretoldwhatshouldgoineachparagraph.Thisshowsusthestructureofaletterthatismakingarequest.DoyouknowwhatsuchaletterwouldincludeS:Thelettershould:▲saywehavedoneaunitonfirstaid▲saywhytheunitwasuseful▲explaintheimportanceofdoingafirstaidcourse▲saywhatwewouldliketheprincipaltodoAsktheSstowritetheletterindividually.CirculateandhelptheSswithgrammaticalstructuresandwrittenexpression.Sampleanswers:DearMrChenOurclasshasbeenstudyingaunitonfirstaid.Wehaverealizedfirstaidisveryhelpfulandverynecessarybecauseitcanbeusedwheneverorwhereverweareinemergency.Eventhoughtheunithasbeenveryinterestingandusefulthewaysitprovidesusarejusttoolimitedtocertainsituation.Wecannotprotectusinanyotherdangeroussituations.Sowewanttolearnmoreaboutfirstaid.Wewouldliketorequestthatyoucouldofferusafirstaidcourseaweek.Wethinkthatafirstaidcourseattheschoolcanalsoteachusmoreaboutdifferentkindsoffirstaid.Infuturewecanstaycalmandprepareforanemergency.Ifweknowhowtorespondwecansavelives.YourssincerelyShirleyDearMrWangOurclasshasbeenstudyingaunitonfirstaid.Ittellsussomebasicknowledgeoffirstaid.Thereforewhensomethingemergenthappenswewillnotbeataloss.Eventhoughtheunithasbeenveryinterestingandusefulitonlycontainssomesafetymeasuresathome.Theinformationislimited.Weareeagertoknowmoreaboutfirstaidfromotheraspects.Wewouldliketorequestthatourschoolcanprovideusafirstaidcourse.Wethinkafirstaidcourseattheschoolisquiteimportantandnecessary.Inthiswaywecanlearnhowtoprotectourselvesandhelpothersinthefuture.YourssincerelyAshley附件
1.AnimalbitesDomesticpetscausemostanimalbites.Dogsaremorelikelytobitethancats.Catbiteshoweveraremorelikelytocauseinfection.Ifananimalbitesyouoryourchildfollowtheseguidelines:Forminorwounds.Ifthebitebarelybreakstheskintreatitasaminorwound.Washthewoundthoroughlywithsoapandwater.Applyanantibioticcreamtopreventinfectionandcoverthebitewithacleanbandage.Fordeepwounds.Ifthebitecreatesadeeppunctureoftheskinortheskinisbadlytornandbleedingapplypressuretostopthebleedingandseeyourdoctor.Forinfection.Ifyounoticesignsofinfectionsuchasswellingrednessincreasedpainoroozingseeyourdoctorimmediately.Forsuspectedrabies.Ifyoususpectthebitewascausedbyananimalthatmightcarryrabies—anybitefromawildordomesticanimalofunknownimmunizationstatus—seeyourdoctorimmediately.
2.SnakebitesMostsnakesaren’tpoisonous.Afewexceptionsincludetherattlesnakecoralsnakewatermoccasinandcopperhead.Mostpoisonoussnakeshaveslit-likeeyes.Theirheadsaretriangularwithadepressionorpitmidwaybetweentheeyesandnostrils.Othercharacteristicsuniquetocertainpoisonoussnakes:Rattlesnakesmakearattlingsoundbyshakingtheringsattheendoftheirtails.Watermoccasinshaveawhitecottonyliningintheirmouths.Coralsnakeshaveredyellowandblackringsalongthelengthoftheirbodies.Toreduceyourriskofsnakebitesavoidpickinguporplayingwithanysnakeunlessyou’reproperlytrained.Mostsnakesusuallyavoidpeopleifpossibleandbiteonlywhenthreatenedorsurprised.Ifyou’rebittenbyasnake:●Remaincalm.●Don’ttrytocapturethesnake.●Immobilizethebittenarmorlegandtrytostayasquietaspossible.●Removejewelryasswellingtendstoprogressrapidly.●Don’tcutthewoundorattempttoremovethevenom.●Don’tuseatourniquetorapplyice.●Seekmedicalattentionassoonaspossibleespeciallyifthebittenareachangescolorbeginstoswellorispainful.
3.ChokingInadultschokingisoftentheresultofinadequatelychewedfoodbeinglodgedinthethroatorwindpipe.Solidfoodssuchasmeatarefrequentlythecause.Thesefactorsincreasetheriskofchoking:●Talkingwhilesimultaneouslychewingapieceofmeat.●Drinkingalcoholwhileeating.●Wearingdentures.Becausedenturesexertlesschewingpressurethannaturalteethandtheyinterferewiththewayfoodfeelsinthemouththeymakeitmoredifficulttothoroughlychewfood.Youngchildrentendtoputintotheirmouthsalmostanythingthatfitssochokingcanoccurunassociatedwithameal.Panicacpanieschoking.Thechokingvictim’sfaceoftenassumesanexpressionoffearorterror.Atfirstthevictimmayturnpurpletheeyesmaybulgeandheorshemaywheezeorgasp.Ifthepersoncancoughfreelyhasnormalskincolorandcanspeakheorsheisnotchoking.Ifthecoughismorelikeagaspandthepersonisturningblueheorsheisprobablychoking.Ifindoubtaskthechokingpersonifheorshecantalk.Ifthepersoncanspeakthenthewindpipeisnotpletelyblockedandoxygenisreachingthelungs.IfchokingisoccurringbegintoperformtheHeimlichmaneuver.ToperformtheHeimlichmaneuveronsomeoneelse:Standbehindthechokingpersonandwrapyourarmsaroundhisorherwaist.Bendthepersonslightlyforward.Makeafistwithonehandandplaceitslightlyabovetheperson’snavel.Graspyourfistwiththeotherhandandpresshardintotheabdomenwithaquickupwardthrust.Repeatthisprocedureuntiltheobjectisexpelledfromtheairway.ToperformtheHeimlichmaneuveronyourself:Positionyourownfistslightlyaboveyournavel.Graspyourfistwithyourotherhandandbendoverahardsurface—acountertoporchairwilldo.Shoveyourfistinwardandupward.Clearingtheairwayofapregnantwomanorobeseperson:PositionyourhandsalittlebithigherthanwithanormalHeimlichmaneuveratthebaseofthebreastbonejustabovethejoiningofthelowestribs.ProceedaswiththeHeimlichmaneuverpressinghardintothechestwithaquickthrust.Repeatuntilthefoodorotherblockageisdislodgedorthepersonbeesunconscious.Clearingtheairwayofanunconsciousperson:Positionthepersononhisorherbacklookinsidethemouthandsweeptheareawithyourfingertoseeifyoucanremovetheblockage.Ifnotkneeloverthepersonandapplyupwardthruststotheupperabdomen.Repeattheprocessasnecessary.Lookinsidethemouthagainandsweeptheareawithyourfingertotrytoremovetheblockage.Thenkneeloverthepersonandapplyupwardthruststotheupperabdomen.Clearingtheairwayofachokinginfant:Assumeaseatedpositionandholdtheinfantfacedownonyourforearmwhichisrestingonyourthigh.Thumptheinfantgentlybutfirmlyfivetimesonthemiddleofthebackusingtheheelofyourhand.Thebinationofgravityandthebackblowsshouldreleasetheblockingobject.Ifthisdoesn’tworkholdtheinfantfaceuponyourforearmwiththeheadlowerthanthetrunk.Usingtwofingersplacedatthecenteroftheinfant’sbreastbonegivefivequickchestpressions.Ifbreathingdoesn’tresumerepeatthebackblowsandchestthrusts.Callforemergencymedicalhelp.Ifoneofthesetechniquesopenstheairwaybuttheinfantdoesn’tresumebreathingbeginmouth-to-mouthresuscitation.Theuniversalsignforchokingisahandclutchedtothethroatwiththumbandfingersextended.Ifapersondisplaysthissigndial911orcallforemergencymedicalassistance.Don’tleavethepersonunattended.
4.CutsandscrapesMinorcutsandscrapesusuallydon’trequireatriptotheemergencyroom.Yetpropercareisessentialtoavoidinfectionorotherplications.Theseguidelinescanhelpyoucareforsimplewounds:Stopthebleeding.Minorcutsandscrapesusuallystopbleedingontheirown.Iftheydon’tapplygentlepressurewithacleanclothorbandage.Holdthepressurecontinuouslyfor20to30minutes.Don’tkeepcheckingtoseeifthebleedinghasstoppedbecausethismaydamagethefreshclotthat’sformingandcausebleedingtoresume.Ifthebloodspurtsorcontinuestoflowaftercontinuouspressureseekmedicalassistance.Cleanthewound.Rinseoutthewoundwithclearwater.Soapcanirritatethewoundsotrytokeepitoutoftheactualwound.Ifdirtordebrisremainsinthewoundafterwashingusetweezerscleanedwithalcoholtoremovetheparticles.Ifdebrisremainsembeddedinthewoundaftercleaningseeyourdoctor.Thoroughwoundcleaningreducestheriskoftetanus.Tocleantheareaaroundthewoundusesoapandawashcloth.There’snoneedtousehydrogenperoxideiodineoraniodine-containingcleanser.Thesesubstancesirritatelivingcells.Ifyouchoosetousethemdon’tapplythemdirectlyonthewound.Applyanantibiotic.AfteryoucleanthewoundapplyathinlayerofanantibioticcreamorointmentsuchasNeosporinorPolysporintohelpkeepthesurfacemoist.Theproductsdon’tmakethewoundhealfasterbuttheycandiscourageinfectionandallowyourbody’shealingprocesstoclosethewoundmoreefficiently.Certainingredientsinsomeointmentscancauseamildrashinsomepeople.Ifarashappearsstopusingtheointment.Coverthewound.Exposuretoairspeedshealingbutbandagescanhelpkeepthewoundcleanandkeepharmfulbacteriaout.Changethedressing.Changethedressingatleastdailyorwheneveritbeeswetordirty.Ifyou’reallergictotheadhesiveusedinmostbandagesswitchtoadhesive-freedressingsorsterilegauzeheldinplacewithpapertapegauzerolloralooselyappliedelasticbandage.Thesesuppliesgenerallyareavailableatpharmacies.Getstitchesfordeepwounds.Awoundthatcutsdeeplythroughtheskinorisgapingorjagged-edgedandhasfatormuscleprotrudingmayrequirestitches.Astriportwoofsurgicaltapemayholdaminorcuttogetherbutifyoucan’teasilyclosethemouthofthewoundseeyourdoctor.Properclosureminimizesscarringandinfection.Watchforsignsofinfection.Seeyourdoctorifthewoundisn’thealingoryounoticeanyrednessdrainagewarmthorswelling.Getatetanusshot.Doctorsremendyougetatetanusshotevery10years.Ifyourwoundisdeepordirtyandyourlastshotwasmorethanfiveyearsagoyourdoctormayremendatetanusshotbooster.Gettheboosterwithin48hoursoftheinjury.
5.Fever:FirstaidFahrenheit-CelsiusconversiontableF℃
10540.
510440.
010339.
410238.
910138.
310037.
79937.
29836.
69736.
19635.5Feverisoneofyourbody’sreactionstoinfection.Usuallythenormalbodytemperaturedoesn’texceed99F
37.2C.Thevalueof
98.6F37Clistedasnormalbodytemperatureisonlyageneralguide.Isolatedtemperatureelevationsusuallyaren’tdangerousinanadultuntilthetemperaturereaches103F
39.4C.TakingaspirinoracetaminophenTylenolothersusuallyreducesafeverinadults.Don’tgiveaspirintochildrenyoungerthan17yearsofage.TheuseofaspirinhasbeenlinkedwithReye’ssyndrome—ararebutseriousillnessthatcanaffectthebloodliverandbrainofchildrenandteenagersafteraviralinfection.HowtotakeatemperatureYoucanchoosefromseveraltypesofthermometers.Todaymosthavedigitalreadouts.Sometakethetemperaturequicklyfromtheearcanalandcanbeespeciallyusefulforyoungchildrenandolderadults.Otherscanbeusedrectallyorallyorunderthearm.Ifyouuseadigitalthermometerbesuretoreadtheinstructionssoyouknowwhatthebeepsmeanandwhentoreadthethermometer.Undernormalcircumstancestemperaturestendtobehighestaround4p.m.andlowestaround4a.m.Duetothepotentialformercuryexposureoringestionglassmercurythermometersarebeingphasedout.RectallyforinfantsTotakeyourchild’stemperaturerectally:●Placeadabofpetroleumjellyorotherlubricantonthebulb.●Layyourchildonhisorherstomach.●Carefullyinsertthebulbone-halfinchtooneinchintotherectum.●Holdthebulbandchildstillforthreeminutes.Toavoidinjurydon’tletgoofthethermometerwhileit’sinsideyourbaby.●Removeandreadthetemperatureasremendedbythemanufacturer.●Arectaltemperaturereadingisgenerally1degreeFhigherthananoralreading.OrallyTotakeyourtemperatureorally:●Placethebulbunderyourtongue.●Closeyourmouthfortheremendedamountoftimeusuallythreeminutes.●Ifyou’reusinganondigitalthermometerrotateitslowlyafterremovingitfromyourmouthuntilyoucanreadthetemperature.UnderthearmaxillaryYoucanalsouseanoralthermometerforanarmpitreading:●Placethethermometerunderyourarmwithyourarmsdown.●Holdyourarmsacrossyourchest.●Waitfiveminutesorasremendedbyyourthermometer’smanufacturerthenremoveandreadthetemperature.●Anaxillaryreadingisgenerally1degreeFlessthananoralreadingGetmedicalhelpforafeverinthesecases:●Ababyyoungerthan3monthshasarectaltemperatureof
100.5F38Corhigheroraneartemperatureof
99.5F
37.5orhigher●Ifachildolderthan3monthsmaintainsatemperatureof103F
39.4Cafterafewhoursofhometreatment●Ifanadulthasatemperatureofgreaterthan104F
40.0Coratemperatureof101F
38.3Cthatpersistsforlongerthan3daysCallyourdoctorimmediatelyifthefeverisacpaniedbysevereheadachestiffneckswellingofthethroatormentalconfusionorifyouseeunusualrashesorbitemarks.
6.Heartattack:FirstaidAheartattackoccurswhenoneormorearteriessupplyingyourheartwithbloodandoxygenbeeblocked.Thislossofbloodflowinjuresyourheartmuscle.Aheartattackgenerallycauseschestpainforlongerthan15minutesbutitcanalsobesilentandhavenosymptomsatall.Abouthalfthepeoplewhosufferaheartattackhavewarningsymptomshoursdaysorweeksinadvance.Theearliestpredictorofanattackmayberecurrentchestpainthat’striggeredbyexertionandrelievedbyrest.TheAmericanHeartAssociationliststhesewarningsignsandsymptomsofaheartattack.Beawarethatyoumaynothaveallofthemandthatsymptomsmayeandgo.●Unfortablepressurefullnessorsqueezingpaininthecenterofyourchestlastingmorethanafewminutes●Painspreadingtoyourshouldersneckorarms●LightheadednessfaintingsweatingnauseaorshortnessofbreathIfyoususpectaheartattackevenifitfeelslikeindigestionactimmediately:
1.Call911oremergencymedicalassistance.TheoperatorcontactstheemergencymedicalservicesEMSsystem.Inareaswithout911servicecalltheemergencymedicalresponsesystem.It’susuallybettertocalltheseemergencynumbersfirst.Callingyourdoctormayaddunnecessarytime.Whenyoucalldescribesymptomssuchassevereshortnessofbreathorchestpain.ThisensuresaprioritydispatchofEMSrespondersparamedicstrainedinbasicandadvancedcardiaclifesupport.MostEMSunitscarryaportabledefibrillatoradevicethatrestoresnormalheartrhythmbydeliveringelectricalshocks.Defibrillatorscanbecriticaltoearlysuccessfultreatmentandsurvival.Manypoliceandfirerescueunitsalsocarrydefibrillatorsandmayrespondbeforeanambulancedoes.
2.BegincardiopulmonaryresuscitationCPR.Ifthepersonyou’recallingaboutisunconsciousanemergencydispatchermayadviseyoutobeginemergencytreatment.Ifyou’renottrainedinemergencyproceduresdoctorsremendskippingmouth-to-mouthrescuebreathingandproceedingdirectlytochestpression.Thereasonisthatifyou’redistractedbytryingtoperformunfamiliarbreathingtechniquesvaluablelifesavingminutesmightbelostforthepersonwhoneedshelp.Themostimportantthingyoucandoistoproceeddirectlytochestpressiontomovebloodtovitalorgansparticularlythebrainandheart.Ifyou’retrainedinemergencyproceduresit’simportanttodobothmouth-to-mouthrescuebreathingandchestpression.
3.Decideonthefastestmethodoftransportation.Adispatcherautomaticallynotifiestheclosestwell-equippedEMSunit.IdeallyEMSrespondersshouldreachyouwithin4to5minutes.Ifyouliveinaruralorlargemetropolitanareahoweveryoumaygettothehospitalfasterbyhavingsomeonedriveyou.Don’tdriveyourself!
4.Gotothenearestemergencycardiaccarefacility.Identifyinadvancethenearestcenterstaffed24hoursadaywithdoctorstrainedtoprovideemergencycardiaccare.
5.Chewaspirin.Aspirininhibitsbloodclottingwhichhelpsmaintainbloodflowthroughanarrowedartery.Ifyouthinkyou’rehavingaheartattacktakeoneregular-strengthaspirinandchewittospeedabsorption.Avoidaspirinifyouareallergictoitorifyouhavebleedingproblems.Don’tdelaycallingforemergencyhelpjustbecauseyou’vetakenaspirin.Aspirinalonewon’ttreatyourheartattack.
7.SeverebleedingTostopseverebleeding:
1.Havetheinjuredpersonliedown.Ifpossiblepositiontheperson’sheadslightlylowerthanthetrunkorelevatethelegs.Thispositionreducestheriskoffaintingbyincreasingbloodflowtothebrain.Ifalsopossibleelevatethesiteofbleeding.
2.Removeanyobviousdirtordebrisfromthewound.Don’tremoveanylargeormoredeeplyembeddedobjects.Don’tprobethewoundorattempttocleanitatthispoint.Yourprincipalconcernistostopthebleeding.
3.Applypressuredirectlyonthewound.Useasterilebandagecleanclothorevenapieceofclothing.Ifnothingelseisavailableuseyourhand.
4.Maintainpressureuntilthebleedingstops.Whenitdoesbindthewoundtightlywithabandageorevenapieceofcleanclothingandadhesivetape.
5.Don’trepositiondisplacedorgans.Ifthewoundisabdominalandorganshavebeendisplaceddon’ttrytorepositionthem.Coverthewoundwithadressing.
6.Don’tremovethegauzeorbandage.Ifthebleedingcontinuesandseepsthroughthegauzeorothermaterialyouareholdingonthewounddon’tremoveit.Insteadaddmoreabsorbentmaterialontopofit.
7.Squeezeamainarteryifnecessary.Ifthebleedingdoesn’tstopwithdirectpressureapplypressuretothearterydeliveringbloodtotheareaofthewound.Pressurepointsofthearmareontheinsideofthearmjustabovetheelbowandjustbelowthearmpit.Pressurepointsofthelegarejustbehindthekneeandinthegroin.Squeezethemainarteryintheseareasagainstthebone.Keepyourfingersflat.Withyourotherhandcontinuetoexertpressureonthewounditself.
8.Immobilizetheinjuredbodypartoncethebleedinghasstopped.Leavethebandagesinplaceandgettheinjuredpersontotheemergencyroomassoonaspossible.
8.ToothacheToothdecayistheprimarycauseoftoothachesformostchildrenandadults.Bacteriathatliveinyourmouththriveonthesugarsandstarchesinthefoodyoueat.Thesebacteriaformastickyplaquethatclingstothesurfaceofyourteeth.Acidsproducedbythebacteriainplaquecaneatthroughthehardwhitecoatingontheoutsideofyourteethenamelcreatingacavity.Thefirstsignofdecaymaybeasensationofpainwhenyoueatsomethingsweetverycoldorveryhot.Atoothacheoftenindicatesthatyourdentistwillneedtoworkonyourteeth.Untilyoucanseeyourdentisttrytheseself-caretips:●Usedentalflosstoremoveanyfoodparticleswedgedbetweenyourteeth.●Trysuckingonanicecubeplacedintheareaofirritation.Sometimesicemaynothelpthoughandmayevenmakepainworse.●Takeanover-the-counterOTCpainrelievertodulltheache.●ApplyanOTCantisepticcontainingbenzocainedirectlytotheirritatedtoothandgumtotemporarilyrelievepain.Directapplicationofoilofcloveseugenolalsomayhelp.Don’tplaceaspirinorotherpainkillerdirectlyagainstyourgumsasitmayburnyourgumtissue.Swellingpainwhenyoubiteafoul-tastingdischargeandrednessindicateinfection.Seeyourdentistassoonaspossible.Callyourdentistif:●Thepainpersistsformorethanadayortwo●Youhavefeverwiththetoothache●Youhavetroublebreathingorswallowing
9.NosebleedsNosebleedsaremon.Mostoftentheyareanuisanceandnotatruemedicalproblem.Buttheycanbeboth.WhydotheystartandhowcantheybestoppedAmongchildrenandyoungadultsnosebleedsusuallybeginontheseptumjustinsidethenose.Theseptumseparatesyournasalchambers.Inmiddleagedandolderadultsnosebleedscanbeginontheseptumbuttheymayalsobegindeeperinthenose’sinterior.Thislatterformofnosebleedismuchlessmon.Itmaybecausedbyhardenedarteriesorhighbloodpressure.Thesenosebleedsbeginspontaneouslyandareoftendifficulttostop.Theyrequireaspecialist’shelp.Totakecareofanosebleed:●Situpright.Byremaininguprightyoureducebloodpressureintheveinsofyournose.Thisdiscouragesfurtherbleeding.●Pinchyournose.Useyourthumbandindexfingerandbreathethroughyourmouth.Continuethepinchfor5or10minutes.Thismaneuversendspressuretothebleedingpointonthenasalseptumandoftenstopstheflowofblood.●Topreventre-bleedingafterbleedinghasstoppeddon’tpickorblowyournoseanddon’tbenddownuntilseveralhoursafterthebleedingepisode.Keepyourheadhigherthanthelevelofyourheart.●Ifre-bleedingoccurssniffinforcefullytoclearyournoseofbloodclotsspraybothsidesofyournosewithadecongestantnasalspraycontainingoxymetazolineAfrinDristanothers.Pinchyournoseagaininthetechniquedescribedaboveandcallyourdoctor.Seekmedicalcareimmediatelyif:●Thebleedinglastsformorethan15to30minutes●Youfeelweakorfaintwhichcanresultfromthebloodloss●Thebleedingisrapidoriftheamountofbloodlossisgreat●BleedingbeginsbytricklingdownthebackofyourthroatIfyouexperiencefrequentnosebleedsmakeanappointmentwithyourdoctor.Youmayneedtohavethebloodvesselthat’scausingyourproblemcauterized.Cauteryisatechniqueinwhichthebloodvesselisburnedwithelectriccurrentsilvernitrateoralaser.Sometimesyourdoctormaypackyournosewithspecialgauzeoraninflatablelatexballoontoputpressureonthebloodvesselandstopthebleeding.
10.SpecialProblemsWhenpartofthebodyhasbeentornoff...●Trytofindthepart●Wrapitinacleandressingandplaceinaplascticbag.●Putthebagonicebutdon’tfreeze.●Taketheparttothehospital.Whenanobjectisimpaledinawound...●Donotremoveit.Youcouldrevealanopenarterywhichwouldthenbeawfullyhardtodealwitha.k.a.nearlyimpossible.●Bandagemanydressingsaroundtheobjecttoimmobilizeitandsupportitinitspositioninthewound.Splinters...●Asmallsplinterintheskinshouldberemovedwithtweezers.●Forasplinterintheeyeseekemergencyhelpimmediatelydonottouchit.Nosebleeds...●Havethevictimsitwithhisorherheadtiltedalittlebitfowardwhilepinchinghisorhernostrilstogether.●Onecouldalsoplaceanicepackonthebridgeofthenose.Injurytothemouth...●Iftheinjurydoesnotinvolvetheheadneckorspinehavethevictimsitwiththeheadslightlytiltedforward.Ifthevictimisunabletoreachthispositionplacethevictimonhisorherside.Thisensuresthatblooddrainsfromthemouth.●Iftheinjuryhasbrokenthelipplaceacleanrolleddressingbetweenthelipandgum.Applyingcoldcanalsohelp.Ifatoothisknockedout...●Placeasmallrollofsterilegauzeinthegapleftbythetooththatwasknockedout.●Pickupthetoothnotbytherootbutbythecrownthepartyouseewhenyousmileinthemirror.Ifyoucanplacethetoothbackhowitbelongsinthesocket.●Ifyoucan’tputthetoothbackinputthetoothinacontainerwithcoolfreshmilk.Ifthiscannotbedoneusewater.CaringforaMinorOpenWound●Stopthebleedingbyapplyingpressurewithacleanabsorbantclothorifclothisunavailableyourfingers.●Ifthebloodsoaksthroughapplyasecondbandageontop.Donottakeoffthefirstbandagebecauseitwilldisturbtheclottingthathasalreadytakenplace.●Ifbleedingstilldoesn’tstopraisethewoundaboveheartlevel.●Oncebleedingstopscleanthewoundgentlywithsoapandwaterorjustwater.Itisveryimportanttogetalldebrisordirtout.●Applyanantibioticointmentsuchasbacitrationoratripleantibioticointment.Remembersomepeopleareallergictotheseointmentssocontactyourdoctorifyouhaveanydoubts.Wrapthewoundfirmlyinaclothorabandage.Donotcutoffcirculation!●Coveringthewoundwithacleandressingpressagainstitfirmlywithyourhand.●Elevatethewoundabovetheleveloftheheart.●ThecleandressingshouldthenbecoveredoverwitharollbandagelikeanAcetoholdthedressingsinplace.●Ifbleedingstilldoesnotstopaddadditionaldressingsovertherollbandage.●Squeezeapressurepointthearteryagainstthebone.Thisisinthebottomupperarmorwherethelegbendsatthehip.●OncethebandagesandpressurepointarebeingmaintainedhavesomeonecallEMSiftheyhavenotalready.TypesofWoundsNameDescriptionAvulsionInanavulsionaportionofskinistorn.Thiscanbepartialwithaportionofskinremainingasa“flap.”Inatotalavulsionabodypartispletelytornoff.bruiseBleedingthatoccursundertheskincausesdiscolorationswelling.Theareabeginsasredbutmayturnintoa“blackandbluemark.”cutAcutisasplitintheskincausedbyasharpobjectsuchasaknifeorevenadullobject.Acutcanhaveeitherajaggedorsmoothedge.punctureApuncturewoundiscausedwhentheskinispiercedbyasharpobject.Includedinthiscategoryaregunshotwoundsimpaledobjectsandanobjectthatpassestotallythroughapartofthebody.ScrapeAscrapeisverymonandoccurswhenskinisrubbedorscrapedaway.。