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2019年高考英语一轮总复习Unit4Makingthenews课时作业新人教版必修5Ⅰ.阅读理解Axx·浙江卷Thebabymonkeyismuchmoredevelopedatbirththanthehumanbaby.Almostfromthemomentitisborn,thebabymonkeycanmovearoundandholdtightlytoitsmother.Duringthefirstfewdaysofitslifethebabywillapproachandholdontoalmostanylarge,warm,andsoftobjectinitsenvionment,particularlyifthatobjectalsogivesitmilk.Afteraweekorso,however,thebabymonkeybeginstoavoidnewersandfocusesitsattentionson“mother”—therealmotherorthemother-substitute母亲替代物.Duringthefirsttwoweeksofitslifewarmthisperhapsthemostimportantpsychological心理的thingthatamonkeymotherhastogivetoitsbaby.TheHarlows,acouplewhoarebothpsychologists,discoveredthisfactbyofferingbabymonkeysachoiceoftwotypesofmother-substitutes—onecoveredwithclothandonemadeofbarewire.Ifthetwoartificialmotherswereboththesametemperature,thelittlemonkeysalwayspreferredtheclothmother.However,ifthewiremodelwasheated,whiletheclothmodelwascool,forthefirsttwoweeksafterbirththebabymonkeyspickedthewarmwiremother-substitutesastheirfavorites.Thereaftertheyswitchedandspentmostoftheirtimeonthemorefortableclothmother.Whyisclothpreferabletobarewire?SomethingthattheHarlowscalledcontact接触fortseemstobetheanswer,andamostpowerfulinfluenceitis.Babymonkeysspendmuchoftheirtimerubbingagainsttheirmothersskins,puttingthemselvesinasclosecontactwiththeparentastheycan.Whenevertheyounganimalisfrightened,disturbed,orannoyed,ittypicallyrushestoitsmotherandrubsitselfagainstherbody.Wiredoesnt“rub”aswellasdoessoftcloth.Prolonged长时间的“contactfort”withaclothmotherappearstogivethebabiesconfidenceandismuchmorerewardingtothemthaniseitherwarmthormilk.AccordingtotheHarlows,thebasicqualityofababysloveforitsmotheristrust.Ifthebabyisputintoanunfamiliarplayroomwithoutitsmother,thebabyignoresthetoysnomatterhowinterestingtheymightbe.Itscreamsinterrorandcurlsupintoafurrylittleball.Ifitsclothmotherisnowintroducedintotheplayroom,thebabyrushestoitandholdsontoitfordearlife.Afterafewminutesofcontactfort,itobviouslybeginstofeelmoresecure.Itthenclimbsdownfromthemother-substituteandbeginstoexplorethetoys,butoftenrushesbackforadeepembrace拥抱asiftomakesurethatitsmotherisstillthereandthatalliswell.Bitbybititsfearsofthenewenvironmentaregoneanditspendsmoreandmoretimeplayingwiththetoysandlessandlesstimeholdingontoits“mother”.[文章大意]这是一篇说明文,作者在文章中主要向读者阐述了一个关于幼猴的试验研究发现1.Psychologically,whatdoesthebabymonkeydesiremostduringthefirsttwoweeksofitslifeA.Warmth. B.Milk.C.Contact. D.Trust.解析细节理解题从文章第一段中的“Duringthefirstfewdaysofitslife...ontoalmostanylarge,warm,andsoftobject...”和第二段的倒数第二句可知答案A2.Afterthefirsttwoweeksoftheirlife,babymonkeysprefertheclothmothertothewiremotherbecausetheformeris________.A.largerinsizeB.closertothemC.lessfrighteningandlessdisturbingD.morefortabletorubagainst解析推理判断题根据第三段内容可推知,幼猴选择“布妈妈”,而不是“金属丝妈妈”的原因在于相对于“金属丝妈妈”而言,“布妈妈”蹭起来更舒服答案D3.Whatdoesthebabymonkeyprobablygainfromprolonged“contactfort”?A.Attention. B.Softness.C.Confidence. D.Interest.解析细节理解题由第三段中的“Prolonged长时间的‘contactfort’withaclothmotherappearstogivethebabiesconfidence”可知答案C4.Itcanbeinferredthatwhenthebabymonkeyfeelssecure,________.A.itfrequentlyrushesbackforadeepembracewhenexploringthetoysB.itspendsmoretimescreamingtogetrewardsC.itislessattractedtothetoysthoughtheyareinterestingD.itcareslessaboutwhetheritsmotherisstillaround解析推理判断题从最后一段中的内容尤其是该段的最后一句话可推知,D项正确答案D5.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.A.givethereasonsfortheexperimentB.presentthefindingsoftheexperimentC.introducethemethodoftheexperimentD.describetheprocessoftheexperiment解析概括归纳题通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了一个关于幼猴的研究发现,因此作者写这篇文章是要将研究发现呈现给读者答案BBxx·安徽联考“Allpoliceofficersshouldbemadetotakeafitnesstesteveryyear,withapaycutforthosewhorepeatedlyfail,”areviewsaid.IntheMetropolitanPolice,morethanhalf52percentofitsmenofficersareoverweight,afifth22percentareobese,andoneinahundredare“morbidly病态地obese”.ForwomenofficersintheMet,athird32percentareoverweight16percentareobeseand2percentaremorbidlyobese.TomWinsor,whohascarriedoutthewidest-rangingresearchofpolicepayandconditionsinmorethan30years,saidthosewhofailthetestthreetimesshouldfaceapaycut.Chiefconstables郡警察局局长shouldbeabletofireanyofficeraspartofbudgetcuts,endingajobforlife.Itisalsoremendedthatapplicantsshouldbeabletoenterthepoliceservicedirectlyatinspectorrank,and,“afterstricttesting”,atsuperintendent主管rank.Mr.Winsorsaid,“Ithinkthepublicwillbesurprisedthatafterpassingafitnesstestwhentheyjointhepolice,physicalfitnessisnottestedagainina30or35-yearcareer.”Aninitial最初的yearlytestrequiringofficerstoreachlevel54onthebleeptestshouldbebroughtinbySeptembernextyear.“Thisisequaltoanaveragespeedof
8.8kph
5.5mphforthreeminutes35seconds,”hesaid.ButthisshouldgettougherbySeptemberxx,alongsimilarlinestothetestcurrentlyusedinNorthernIreland.Thisincludesclimbingoverwallsandpullingbodiesandwasdesignedtoreflectsituationswhichpoliceofficersdoandcanbeeinvolvedin.Mr.Winsorexpectedthatmanyofficerswouldweletheproposals,sayingtheywouldseeit“asanecessaryprotectionforthemselvesandthepublic”.[文章大意]本文主要告知读者伦敦警队警员每年都得进行体重测试,如果三次不达标就要减薪,同时为了削减预算,郡警察局局长有权裁员6.Accordingtothepassage,mostofthepoliceofficers________.A.dotheirworkwellB.areoutofshapeC.arerelativelyhealthyD.takeregularexercise解析细节理解题由文章第二段可知现在大部分伦敦警队警员体重超标,甚至小部分出现病态肥胖的症状,故选B项答案B7.Itissuggestedthatiftheyfailthefitnesstestthreetimestheyshould________.A.havetheirpayreducedB.havetobefiredC.havetodootherjobsD.paymoneyasaguarantee解析细节理解题根据文章第三段“thosewhofailthetestthreetimesshouldfaceapaycut”可知,三次不及格,就要减薪答案A8.Inordertocutthebudget,Chiefconstables________.A.trytheirbesttomakepolicemanalife-longcareerB.musthirepolicemenafterstricttestingC.havetherighttofirethosewhoareunfitforthejobD.remendapplicantsbeepolicedirectlyatinspectorrank解析细节理解题根据文章第四段“Chiefconstablesshouldbeabletofireanyofficeraspartofbudgetcuts”可知,为了预算削减,郡警察局局长有权裁员答案C9.Itispredictedthatmanyofficerswouldliketheyearlytestbecause________.A.theywouldgethealthierafterthetestB.theycouldprotectthemselvesandothersC.theywouldbeabletogethigherpayD.theycouldpractiserockclimbing解析细节理解题根据尾段“theywouldseeit‘asnecessaryprotectionforthemselvesandthepublic’.”可知答案BⅡ.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容不多于3个单词或括号内单词的正确形式Althoughmanyhighschooldropoutsleaveschoolpermanentlysomedropoutslaterreenterschool.__10__approximate10percentofthesophomores__11__droppedoutbetween1980and1982returnedtoschoolby__12__fallof
1982.Generallyhighschoolreentrantsdiffer__13__typicaldropoutsinseveralschoolandstudentcharacteristics.Backgroundattributesandtestscoreperformance__14__associatewithlowdropoutratestendtoberelatedtohigherthanaveragereentryrates.Forexamplereentryratesamong1980sophomoredropoutswereaboutonefifth__15__highintheNortheastandNorthCentralregionsthanintheSouthorWest.AmongwhitesreentryratesintheWestwereonethirdlowerthaninotherregions.__16__blacksreentryratesintheNortheast14percent__17__besubstantiallyhigherthanthoseintheSouth6percent.HispanicdropoutsintheNorthCentralregionwerethreetimes__18__likelytoreturntoschoolasthoseintheNortheastorWest.HispanicsintheSouthweretwiceaslikelytoreenteras__19__intheNorthwestorWest.10._______
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19._______10.解析用副词Approximately近似地,大约修饰后面的数字10percent答案Approximately11.解析定语从句用来修饰前面的先行词sophomores,从句中缺主语,故使用who/that答案who/that12.解析特指1982年的秋天,前面要加定冠词答案the13.解析因differfrom为固定搭配,意为“不同于”答案from14.解析因该句已有谓语动词tendtoberelated,本空应填非谓语动词;又由beassociatedwith与……有关可知,此处用过去分词短语作后置定语答案associated15.解析由后面的than可知,此处用比较级答案higher16.解析表示“在某团体或人群中”,用介词among答案Among17.解析该句主语是reentryrates,根据上下文应该用一般过去时,因此使用were答案were18.解析因as...as...是固定搭配,意为“与……一样”;根据文章最后一句也可以得出答案as19.解析代替前面的可数名词的复数形式Hispanics答案thoseⅢ.书面表达xx·快乐考生预测假定你是李华,你的澳大利亚笔友Mark对中国高中生的毕业庆祝活动很感兴趣,他来信想了解这方面的情况请你按照下面内容要点用英语给他回信1.介绍常见的庆祝方式及其利与弊;2.你认为更有意义的庆祝方式及理由注意
1.词数100左右开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯DearMark,Gladtohearfromyou.ImveryhappyyoureinterestedinthewaysthatweChinesehighschoolstudentscelebrateourgraduation.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Withbestwishes,Yours,LiHua答案DearMark,Gladtohearfromyou.ImveryhappyyoureinterestedinthewaysthatweChinesehighschoolstudentscelebrateourgraduation.Themostmonwayistotreatourteachers,relativesandfriendstoabigdinner,duringwhichfriendsgettogethertohavefundrinking,singinganddancing.Itsagreatwaytopromoteourrelations.Butitusuallycostsalot,whichwecantafford.Someothersplantohaveatriptocelebrateit.Thoughithelpsusbroadenourhorizons,wellbeverytired,especiallyafterahardprocessofpreparingforthecollegeentranceexamination.Inmyopinion,wecanbuysomeflowersorcookadeliciousmealforourparents.Inthisway,weexpressourthankstotheminreturnfortheirlove,careandsupportinourhighschoollife.Withbestwishes,rs,LiHuYoua。