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2019年高考英语一轮总复习语法专项突破考点精讲第七节情态动词和虚拟语气考点一 情态动词的基本用法1.can的用法1表示能力需注意的是,could表示过去一般的能力,而was/wereableto表示有能力而且成功地做成了某事Thefirespreadthroughthebuildingveryquicklybuteveryonewasabletogetout.尽管这场大火迅速蔓延了整个大楼,但是每个人都逃了出去2表示理论上的可能性,意为“有时候可能会”Everythingcanhappeneverythingispossibleandprobable.任何事情都有可能发生,没有什么是不可能的3表示请求和允许在问句中,could比can语气要委婉—CouldIuseyourbike我可以用你的自行车吗?—Ofcourseyoucan.当然可以4表示推测,常用于疑问句和否定句Whatcantheybedoingthere他们可能正在那里干什么?Hecantbeintheclassroomforthelighthasbeenturnedoff.他不可能在教室,因为灯已关了5cant/never...too/enough表示“再……也不为过”Youcanneverbetoocarefulwhiledrivingacar.开车时再小心都不为过2.may的用法1表示请求、允许,此时might比may的语气更委婉—May/MightIplaybasketballthisafternoon今天下午我可以打篮球吗?—Noyoumaynot.不,不行2表示推测意为“可能、或许”Wemaygotothecinematonightbutwearenotsureyet.我们今晚或许去看电影,但还未确定3用于祈使句中表示祝愿Mayyoubehappyeverydayandsucceedinyourwork!祝你每天都过得开心且工作顺利!4“mayaswell+动词原形”意为“最好,倒不如”ThereisnothingtodosoImayaswellgotobed.没什么事可做,我还是上床睡觉好了3.must的用法1表示“必须;应该”,must一般指主观,而haveto指客观表示“不得不”Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.我们一切都必须循序渐进地做IhavetogonowforIveameeting15minuteslater.我必须走了,因为15分钟后有个会2表示推测意为“一定会”,此时不能用于否定句Hemustbeill.Helookssopale.他一定病了,他的脸色苍白3mustnt表禁止,而haveto的否定式意为“不必”Smokingmustntbeallowedintheoffice.办公室里不许吸烟—Mustwehandinourexercisetoday我们今天必须交作业吗?—Noyoudonthaveto.不,不必今天交4表示偏执、固执意为“偏要,硬要”Ifyoumustsmokepleasegoout.如果你硬要吸烟,那就出去吧4.shall的用法1用于第
一、三人称的疑问句中,用于征求对方的意见ShallIbuysomepicturebooksforthechildren要我给孩子们买些图画书吗2用于第
二、三人称的陈述句,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁;此外,当颁布法律、规定时也用shallYoushallfinishyourhomeworkfirstbeforeyougooutandplay.你得先做完作业再出去玩5.should的用法1表示劝告和建议,意为“应该”此时oughtto比should语气要强Youshould/oughttoputmoreeffortintoyourwork.你应该更加努力地工作2表示预测可能性,意为“按道理应该会”HeleftParisinthemorning.Soheshouldarriveherebysuppertime.他早上离开巴黎,因此他晚饭前应该能到3表示惊讶、意外等情绪,意为“竟然”Itisstrangethatsuchthingsshouldhappeninourschool.真奇怪,这样的事情竟然在我们学校发生了6.will/would的用法1表示意愿,可用于各种人称Wewillnevergiveupworkingwhateverhappens.无论发生什么事,我们都不会放弃工作2表示“请求;建议”,此时would比will更委婉Wouldyoueintothebarandhaveadrinkwithme你愿意进酒吧和我喝一杯吗3表示习惯,意为“总是,习惯于”与usedto相比,would表示过去重复、习惯性动作;而usedto则强调过去与现在的对比LastyearourEnglishteacherwouldtellusstoriesinEnglishafterclass.去年我们的英语老师常常课后给我们用英语讲故事Heusedtospendallhismoneyonfoodanddrink;nowhelivesasimplelife.他过去把钱都花在吃喝上,现在可节省了7.need/dare的用法need和dare既可作实义动词又可作情态动词,用作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句和否定句Youneedntworryabouthim.你不必为他担心Shedarenotgooutaloneatnight.她晚上不敢一个人出去考点二 “情态动词+havedone”的用法类型构成主要用法表示对过去的推测musthavedone表示对过去发生的事情十分肯定的推测,意为“想必/准是/一定做过某事”can/couldhavedone多用于否定句和疑问句,表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定,意为“不可能已经……”或“可能已经……了吗?”may/mighthavedone用于肯定句和否定句,表示对过去发生某事的可能性的推测,意为“或许做过某事”或“或许没做过某事”表示后悔、责备或遗憾can/couldhavedone用在肯定句中,表示对过去没有实现的可能性的遗憾,意为“本来能做……实际上却未做”should/oughttohavedone表示本该做某事而实际上未做;否定式表示本不该做但却做了neednthavedone表示做了本来不必做的事Theaccidentmusthavehappenedatabout11oclockinthemorning.事故一定是发生在上午11时左右HecanthavegonetoShanghaiforIsawhimaminuteago.他不可能去了上海,因为我刚才还看见他HemighthavesaidsoatthemeetingbutImnotsure.他或许在会上说过这样的话,但我不确定Youcouldhavedonebetterbutyoudidnttryyourbest.你本来能做得更好,但你没尽全力Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youshouldnthavelefthomewithoutaword.我真的为你担心,你本不该不打声招呼就离开家Youneednthavetoldhimthenews;heknewitalready.你不必再告诉他这个消息,他已经知道了考点三 虚拟语气在非真实条件句的用法说明if从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相反动词的过去式be用werewould/should/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词与将来事实相反动词的过去式be用were/should+动词原形/wereto+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形IfIwereyouIwouldtakeactionrightaway.如果我是你,我会立即采取行动Ifyouhadgotupearlieryouwouldhavecaughtthetrain.如果你早点起床,你就会赶上火车了Ifyoushouldfailwhatwouldyoudo万一你失败了,你准备怎么办?考点四 虚拟条件的三种特殊形式1.省略if的虚拟语气如果if从句中含有were/had/should,则可以把if省略,把这三个词置于句首形成倒装WereitSundaytomorrowweshouldgototheGreatWall.要是明天是星期日,我们就能去长城了2.错综时间条件句如果虚拟条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时被称作错综时间条件句,动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间做出相应的调整Ifyouhadpreparedinadvanceyouwouldntbeinsuchanawkwardpositionnow.如果你事先做好准备,现在就不至于那么被动3.含蓄虚拟条件句有时假设的情况不是以if条件从句表示,而是通过其他形式表现出来,这时被称作含蓄虚拟条件句,其用法主要有三1用butfor,without等介词短语表示条件Butfortherainweshouldhavehadapleasantjourney.要不是下雨,我们会有一次愉快的旅行2用连词otherwise,or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反,从而引出后文的虚拟语气Therewasatrafficjamontheway,otherwiseIwouldhavearrivedanhourago.路上堵车,要不然我一小时前就到了3虚拟条件通过but暗示出来,but前面为虚拟语气,后面为真实情况IshouldhavegivenyoumorehelpbutIwastoobusy.我本该多帮帮你,但我太忙了考点五 虚拟语气的其他情况1.用于宾语从句中1wish后的虚拟语气wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气有三种表达方式
①过去时→表现在;
②过去完成时→表过去;
③could/would/might+动词原形→表将来Iwishhewerewithusatthisspecialmoment.我希望这个特殊时刻他和我们在一起HowIwishIhadfollowedmyparentsadvice.我多么希望听了父母的建议ShewishedshewouldbeadmittedtoBeijingUniversitythisyear.她希望今年能被北大录取2用于表示要求、命令、建议、意图、决定、推荐等意义的动词suggestadviseproposemandrequestinsistremend等后接宾语从句时,从句谓语动词为should+动词原形Hedemandedthatheshouldbetoldeverything.他要求将一切告诉他【点津】 当suggest表示“暗示,表明”,insist表示“坚持认为,坚持说”时,从句要用陈述语气Janespalefacesuggestedthatshewasillandwesuggestedthatsheshouldhaveamedicalexamination.简苍白的脸色表明她病了,我们建议她做一下医学检查3wouldrather后的宾语从句,谓语用一般过去时表现在或将来要做的事情,用过去完成时表示过去的动作Idratherthatyoucametomorrow.我宁愿你明天来Idratherthatyouhadeyesterday.你昨天来了该有多好2.用于主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中1表示要求、命令、建议、意图、决定、推荐等意义的动词,构成itis+动词的过去分词+that...时,that从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形Itisadvisedthatthemeetingshouldbeputoffuntilnextweek.有人建议会议推迟到下周举行2表示要求、命令、建议、意图、决定、推荐等意义的名词,如suggestion,proposal,advice,order,request等后面的表语从句和同位语从句中,谓语动词用should+动词原形Myrequestisthatyoushouldmakeanapologytoyourteacher.我的要求是你要向你的老师道歉Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatweshouldgooutforpicnic.我们都同意他的建议去野餐3.用于定语从句中Itshigh/abouttimethat...句型中,从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或should+动词原形其中should不可省略,句意为“确实到了……的时候了”Itishightimethatwetooksomemeasurestosolvetheproblem.确实到了我们该采取措施解决问题的时候了4.用于asif引导的从句中表示与现在事实相反用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时Peopletreathimasifhewereadangerousperson.人们把他看作是一个危险人物Hetalksasifhehadbeentomanycountries.他说起话来好像他去过好多国家似的5.用于ifonly引导的感叹句中,其用法相当于wish后的宾语从句Hefailedintheexamagain.Ifonlyhehadworkedharder.他考试又失败了要是他早努力些就好了对应学生用书第255页Ⅰ.从下面方框中选择恰当的情态动词填空shall,must,can,could,may,would,oughtto,might,should
1.________yougetagoodresultinyourexperiment!2.________youratherliveinatown,orinthecountry3.________wegotothenewrestauranttohavedinner4.You________leaveyourkeyatthereceptiondesk.5.Aputercantthinkitself.It________betoldwhattodo.6.Thequestionesdowntowhetherwe________actuponhisadvice.7.Hurryup!He________bewaitingforusanxiouslyrightnow.8.MyMP5hasdisappeared.Who________havetakenit9.—WhereisBob—He________beinthelivingroom,butIamnotsure.10.You________nothavetoldhertheterriblenews.Sheisveryupsetrightnow.11.Theyareplayingbasketball;they________havefinishedtheirhomework.12.Isawhimjustnowsohe________nothavegoneabroad.13.Itssurprisingthatsuchagentleman________besorudetotheold.14.—MayIwatchTVaftersupper—No,you________.15.Youlooktired,soyou________aswellgoandhavearest.【答案】
1.May
2.Would
3.Shall
4.may/can
5.must
6.oughtto/should
7.must
8.can/could9.may/might/could
10.should
11.must12.could
13.should
14.mustnt
15.may/mightⅡ.根据所提供的情景,用适当的情态动词完成句子1.MariecalledmeuplastnightbutIdidnthearit.I________________________asleep.2.Icanmanagetheshoppingalone.You________notewithme.3.Maybeyou________apologizetoher,forsheissobbingbitterlyinherroom.4.IamafraidofdarknessandI________________notgooutaloneatnight.5.Thesoliderpaidfortheseat,whenhe________________enteredfree.6.You________neverbecarefulenoughwhenyoucrosstheroad.7.Evenifhehastime,he________goshoppingintownonSunday.8.—Howoldareyou,madam—Ifyou________know,Imtwicemysonsage.9.—Tommusthavelosthisway,forhehasntarrivedyet.—No,he________________losthisway.Hehasgotamapwithhim.10.Ipromiseyou________havethemoneyassoonasIgetit.11.Itsnearlytimeforclasstostart.Theteacher________beheresoon.12.Whenshewasalittlegirl,she________sitbythewindoweveryevening,deepinthought.13.We________________receivedtheletteryesterday,butitdidntarrive.14.IreallyregrettedwastingthehourswhenI________________studiedhard,butitwastoolate.15.Yourhomeisnotfarfromyourschool,soyou________________leftinsuchahurry.【答案】
1.musthavebeen
2.neednt
3.should
4.darenot
5.couldhave
6.can
7.wont8.must
9.cant/couldnthave
10.shall11.should
12.would
13.shouldhave
14.shouldhave
15.neednthaveⅢ.根据汉语提示,用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子1.要是他按照医生要求的那样静静地躺着,他现在就不那么受罪了Ifhehadlainquietlyasthedoctorinstructed,he________________________somuchnow.suffer2.现在已经12点了,难道你不认为我们该回家了吗?Itsalready12oclocknow.Dontyouthinkitsabouttimewe________________?go3.我昨天得了重感冒,否则,我就会完成作业了Ihadabadcoldyesterday,otherwiseI________________________myhomework.finish4.要不是因为英语考试,我上周日就会去听音乐会ButfortheEnglishexamination,I________________________totheconcertlastSunday.go5.要不是因为她不会唱歌,我就邀请她参加聚会了Ifit________________________thefactthatshecantsing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.be6.即使太阳从西边升起,我对你的爱也不会变Ifthesunweretoriseinthewest,myloveforyou________________________.change7.仔细检查后,Michel的医生坚持认为他伤得很重,坚决要求他立刻动手术Aftercarefulexamination,Michelsdoctorinsistedthathe________badlywoundedandthathe________________________________atonce.operate8.如果不是空气吸收了太阳的部分热量,夜晚地球会非常冷,不适合我们居住Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesunsheat,theearthatnight________________________________forustolive.too9.我宁愿你明天去买书Iwouldratheryou________________________________tomorrow.go10.他谈起话来好像他已经知道了这个秘密Hetalkedasifhe________________thesecret.know【答案】
1.wouldnotsuffer
2.wenthome3.wouldhavefinished
4.wouldhavegone
5.werenotfor
6.wouldnotchange
7.was;shouldbeoperatedon
8.wouldbetoocold
9.wenttobuybooks
10.hadknown。