还剩3页未读,继续阅读
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2019年高考英语一轮总复习语法专项突破考点精讲第九节名词性从句考点一 名词性从句连接词的用法1.连接词的基本用法1连接词that在从句中没有任何含义,只起连接作用,不作任何成分Thathewilletothemeetingmadeusexcited.他要来参加会议使我们大家很兴奋2连接词whether,if意为“是否”,只起连接作用,不作任何成分若在两者之间二选一,应选择whetherWhetherwewillgotheretomorrowdependsontheweather.我们明天是否去那里取决于天气3连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whomever,whatever,whichever既起连接作用,同时又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分Shedidntknowwhatlifeinaforeigncountrywouldbelike.她不知道外国的生活会是什么样Whoeverbreakstheruleshouldbepunished.不论谁违反了规则都要受到惩罚4连接副词when,where,why,how既起连接作用,同时又在从句中作状语Shehasdecidedhowsheshouldsettlethematter.她已做出决定如何来解决这件事2.that与what的区别that没有词义,也不作任何成分,当从句意义完整,不缺任何成分时用that;what在从句中表示“……的东西”有时候可以不译,在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分Thattheyneedmoreoilisveryclear.很明显,他们需要更多的油Whattheyneedismoreoil.他们需要的是更多的油3.who与whoever的区别who在名词性从句中表示“谁”;而whoever谓语用单数=anyonewho,谓语用单数=thosewho谓语用复数Whowillbeinvitedtotheceremonyhasntbeendecided.邀请谁参加仪式还未定下来Givethedictionarytowhoever=anyonewhoneedsitmost.把词典给最需要的人考点二 主语从句1.that引导的从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见句式有1It+系动词+形容词necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等+that从句Itisnecessarythatapersonshouldprovideagainstarainingday.一个人应该居安思危、未雨绸缪2It+be+名词短语apity/ashame/nowonder等+that从句Itisapitythatyoucannotetoourparty.你不能来参加我们的聚会真是遗憾3It+be+过去分词said/told/reported/decided等+that从句Itisreportedthatmanypeoplearehomelessafterfloods.据报道洪水过后很多人无家可归4It+特殊动词seem/appear/happen/occur/matter+that从句Itseemsthatyoungpeoplearemoreinterestedinpopmusic.年轻人似乎对流行音乐更感兴趣2.其他连接词引导主语从句时也可用it作形式主语Ifapersondosehisbest,itdoesntmatterwhatpeoplethinkofhim.如果一个人尽了他最大的努力,那么人们如何评价他并没关系考点三 宾语从句1.动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后有宾语补足语时,需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.我已把每天写日记当成了惯例2.有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it,这类动词有hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,appreciate,seeto等Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldsendmeareplyatyourearliestconvenience.如果您能够尽早给我回信的话,我将不胜感激3.一般情况下介词后不跟that引导的宾语从句,但except,in,but等可跟that引导的宾语从句其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时,必须用it作形式宾语Iknownothingabouthimexceptthathelivesnextdoor.我对他一无所知,只知道他住在隔壁Yonmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.你相信好了,他们会支持你的4.当主句的主语是第一人称单数时,think,believe,suppose,expect等动词引导的宾语从句中的否定词要转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,从句的谓语动词用肯定式,这一现象称为否定转移Idontthinkthatyoursuggestionwillwork.我认为你的建议行不通考点四 表语从句1.表语从句还可由asif,asthough,because等词引导Itlooksasifweshallstaythenighthereafterall.看来我们不得不在这里过夜了2.当主句的主语是reason时,表语从句一般用that而不用because引导,常用句型Thereason...isthat...Thereasonwhyheisabsentfromschoolisthatheissick.他没来上学的理由是他生病了考点五 同位语从句1.同位语从句常放在fact,news,word消息,idea,truth,doubt,belief,thought,problem等词的后面,对前面的名词做进一步解释,说明前面名词的具体含义引导词常用that,也可用其他连接词引导需注意的是,同位语从句有时不直接跟着它所说明的某个名词后,而是被别的词隔开Wemustfacethefactthatthewarhaskilledmanypeople.我们必须正视战争已经夺走了许多人的生命这一事实Theyarefacedwiththeproblemwhethertheyshouldcontinuethework.他们面临着是否应该继续工作的难题Wordcamethatourfootballteamhadwonthematch.消息传来,我们的足球队赢了比赛2.同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句是对前面的名词做进一步解释,引导词只起引导作用,不可省略;定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰、限制,在句子中作一定的成分Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.他们赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了整个校园同位语从句Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.你昨天告诉我的那个消息真令人失望定语从句对应学生用书第263页Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空1.Themandidntknow________itwasthatthethiefbrokeintothehouseandstoleallhisvaluablethings.2.—Haveanicetrip!—Thanks.Illtelephoneyoufrom________Igettomorrowevening.3.Idontquiteunderstand________morewomensmokethanmeninBritain.4.Theyarediscussinginthemeetingroom________willgototheconferenceonbehalfofthemanager.5.Keepinmind________youmustrespectothersfirst.6.—WhichcanItake,Mr.Smith—Take________oneyoulikeandleavetheothersfor________eslate.7.Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo________ittakestosaveherlife.8.Hehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstosee________itgotanybetter.9.________climbergetstothetopfirstwillgeta£5,000prize.10.________ticketthisishasnotbeenfoundout.11.—Whatmadehersoupset—________shefailedinhermid-termexamination.12.Honestyisakindofqualityandthats________ittakestomunicatewithotherssuccessfully.13.Theview________manyscientistsholdis________toomuchemissionofcarbondioxideisdestructive.14.Beforetheoperation,thedoctorhadtotalktothepatientinordertoremoveherfear________shemightdieduringtheoperation.15.Mr.WuandIdidnotknoweachother,andIhadnoidea________heinvitedmeforlunch.16.—YouknowIgaveupthejobasawaiterandwenttothatlittlepany.—Thats________youvemadeamistake.Thatpanyisntwellmanaged.17.Whattheywanttoknowis________theEnglishclassbeginseveryday.18.Thequestionwasputforwardatthemeeting________wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.19.Withsomanypeopledoingthework,itishardtosay________responsibilityitshouldbe.20.Itisnotimmediatelyclear________thefinancialcrisiswillsoonbeover.【答案】
1.how/when
2.where
3.why
4.who5.that
6.whichever;whoever
7.whatever
8.if/whether
9.Whichever
10.Whose
11.That12.what
13.that/which;that
14.that
15.why
16.where
17.when
18.whether
19.whose20.whether/ifⅡ.根据汉语提示,用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子1.令球迷欣喜的是,那个年轻球员在乒乓球锦标赛中表现得太好了____________wasthattheyoungplayerperformedextremelywellinthetabletennistournament.delight2.最糟糕的想象就是相信一个人能够靠自己做任何事情Theworstpossiblekindofimaginationisabelief____________.byonself3.你知道它值多少钱吗?Haveyouanyidea____________?cost4.重要的不是你是否有能力做好一件事,而是你如何与他人合作Whatisimportantisnot____________theabilitytofinishsomething,but____________withtheotherteammembers.cooperate5.并不是因为事情难,我们不敢做,而是因为我们不敢做,事情才变得难Itis____________thatwedonotdare,itis____________thatthingsaredifficult.6.无论谁看不到这一点都会犯大错____________willmakeagreatmistake.fail7.据宣布,所有的博物馆将在不久后重新开放____________allthemuseumswillbereopenedsoon.announce8.他表达了想再次访问中国的愿望Heexpressedhishope____________.visit9.众所周知,哪儿有污染,哪儿就有伤害Itisknowntousall____________,thereisharm.pollution10.问题在于这部电影是否值得一看Theproblemis____________.worth11.老师总是告诉我们,如果我们想要成功的话就要相信我们所做的事,相信自己Ourteachersalwaystellustobelievein________________andwhoweareifwewanttosucceed.do12.我并不在意你是否有钱Idontcareabout______________ornot.have13.他清楚地表明他不会屈服Hehasmadeitclear________________.give14.我不能理解我为什么被拒绝了Icouldntunderstand________________.refuse15.她会告诉你她为什么要你来Shewilltellyou____________.ask16.她坚持不被派到农村去Sheinsisted________________thecountryside.send17.请弄清楚谁要来开音乐会,是否还有票Pleasefindout________________aconcertandwhethertheticketsarestillavailable.hold18.许多学生奋争进入这所重点大学的原因是这所学校的许多学生已被准许进入著名的大学Thereason________manystudentsfighthardtoenterthiskeyschoolis________manystudentsinthisschoolhavebeenadmittedtofamousuniversities.19.她的父母知道发生了什么,也知道她很着急Herparentsknowwhathappenedand________________.worry20.他想知道他妈妈去哪儿了Hewondered________________.where【答案】
1.Whatdelightedthefans/madethefansdelighted
2.thatonecandoanythingbyoneself
3.howmuchitcosts
4.whetheryouhave;howyouwillcooperate
5.notbecausethingsaredifficult;becausewedonotdare
6.Whoeverfailstoseethis7.Itisannouncedthat
8.thathewouldvisitChinaagain
9.thatwherethereispollution
10.whetherthefilmisworthseeing
11.whatwedo12.whetheryouhavemoney
13.thathewillnotgivein
14.whyIwasrefused
15.whysheaskedyoutoe
16.thatsheshouldnotbesentto
17.whowilletohold
18.why;that
19.thatshewasworried
20.wherehismotherhadgone。