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2019年高考英语二轮专题卷阅读理解
(8)DecisionmakingunderStressAnewreviewbasedonaresearchshowsthatacutestressaffectsthewaythebrainconsiderstheadvantagesanddisadvantagescausingittofocusonpleasureandignorethepossiblenegative负面的consequencesofadecision.Theresearchsuggeststhatstressmaychangethewaypeoplemakechoicesinpredictableways.“Stressaffectshowpeoplelearn,”saysProfessorMaraMather.“Peoplelearnbetteraboutpositivethannegativeoutesunderstress.”Forexampletworecentstudieslookedathowpeoplelearnedtoconnectimages影像witheitherrewardsorpunishments.Inoneexperimentsomeoftheparticipantswerefirststressedbyhavingtogiveaspeechanddodifficultmathproblemsinfrontofanaudience;intheothersomewerestressedbyhavingtokeeptheirhandsinicewater.Inbothcasesthestressedparticipantsrememberedtherewardedmaterialmoreaccuratelyandthepunishedmateriallessaccuratelythanthosewhohadntgonethroughthestress.Thisphenomenonislikelynotsurprisingtoanyonewhohastriedtoresisteatingcookiesorsmokingacigarettewhileunderstress—atthosemomentsonlythepleasureassociatedwithsuchactivitiesestomind.Butthefindingsfurthersuggestthatstressmaybringaboutadoubleeffect.Notonlyarerewardingexperiencesrememberedbetterbutnegativeconsequencesarealsoeasilyrecalled.Theresearchalsofoundthatstressappearstoaffectdecisionmakingdifferentlyinmenandwomen.Whilebothmenandwomentendtofocusonrewardsandlessonconsequencesunderstresstheirresponsestoriskturnouttobedifferent.Menwhohadbeenstressedbythecoldwatertasktendedtotakemorerisksintheexperimentwhilewomenrespondedintheoppositeway.Instressfulsituationsinwhichrisktakingcanpayoffbigmenmaytendtodobetter;whencautionweighsmorehoweverwomenwillwin.Thistendencytoslowdownandbeemorecautiouswhendecisionsareriskymightalsohelpexplainwhywomenarelesslikelytobeeaddictedthanmen:theymaymoreoftenavoidmakingtheriskychoicesthateventuallyhardenintoaddiction.64.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatpeopleunderpressuretendto________.A.keeprewardsbetterintheirmemoryB.recallconsequencesmoreeffortlesslyC.makeriskydecisionsmorefrequentlyD.learnasubjectmoreeffectively65.Accordingtotheresearchstressaffectspeoplemostprobablyintheir________.A.waysofmakingchoicesB.preferenceforpleasureC.toleranceofpunishmentsD.responsestosuggestions66.Theresearchhasprovedthatinastressfulsituation________.A.womenfinditeasiertofallintocertainhabitsB.menhaveagreatertendencytoslowdownC.womenfocusmoreonoutesD.menaremorelikelytotakerisksBA(xx四川卷)
31.Whatyouhavejustreadisa_______.A.noteB.reportC.scheduleD.poster
32.Whatisgoingtotakeplaceon2FebruaryxxA.AbigeventtoweleaChinesenewyear.B.Asocialgatheringtoraisemoneyforwildlife.C.Apartyforclosefriendstomeetandhavefun.D.AmeetingofKwunTongHighSchoolstudents.
33.HowmuchdoyouhavetopayintotaliffourofyougotogetherA.$
20.B.$
40.C.$
60.D.$
80.
34.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueA.TicketsaresoldinKwunTongHighSchool.B.Itsunnecessarytotakesoftdrinkswithyou.C.Freedigitalcamerasareprovidedforeverybody.D.Festivalfoodwillbeservedwithoutextracharge.COnedayJackthrewsomepapersonmydesk.“What’swrong”Iasked.“Nexttimeyouwanttochangeanythingaskmefirst”hesaidandleft.Ihadmadejustonesmallchange.Butit’snotthatIhadn’tbeenwarned.Mycolleagueshadsaidhewasresponsiblefortheresignationsofthetwoprevioussecretaries.AstheweekswentbyIcametolookdownonJack.AfteranotherofhisepisodeshadleftmeintearsIstormedintohisoffice.“what”hesaidsuddenly.“Jackthewayyou’vebeentreatingmeiswrong.I’veneverhadanyonespeaktomethatway.Asaprofessionalit’swrongformetoallowittocontinue”Isaid.Jacksmilednervously“SusanImakeyouapromisethatIwillbeafriend.Iwilltreatyouasyoudeservetobetreatedwithrespectandkindness.”Jackavoidedmetherestoftheweekandneverquestionedmyworkagain.Ibroughtcookiestotheofficeonedayandleftsomeonhisdesk.AnotherdayIleftanote:”Hopeyourdayisgoinggreat.”OverthenextfewweekstherewerenomoreJackepisodes.OneyearlaterIdiscoveredIhadbreastcancerandwasscared.Thestatisticswerenotgreatformylong-termsurvival.OnedayhoweverJackvisitedmeinthehospitalandsilentlyhandedmeabundlewithseveralbulbsinside.“Tulips郁金香”hesaid.Ismilednotunderstanding.“Ifyouplantthemwhenyougethomethey’lleupnextspring.Ithinkyouwillbetheretoseethemwhentheyeup.NextspringyouwillseethecoloursIpickedoutforyou.”Tearscloudedmyeyesandheleft.Ihaveseenthoseredandwhitestriped(有条纹的)tulipspushthroughthesoileveryspringforovertenyearsnow.ThispastSeptemberthedoctordeclaredmecured.AtamomentwhenIwasprayingforjusttherightwordamanwithveryfewwordssaidalltherightthings.Afterallthat’swhatfriendsdo.
31.Jackbecameangrythatdaybecause__________.A.hewasfeelingunwellB.SusanhadfailedtokeephisofficecleanC.hefeltSusanchangedtoomuchaboutthepapersD.Susanhadchangedsomethingwithouthispermission
32.Susanstormedintojack’sofficetotellJackthat__________.A.hewasn’tworthyofrespectB.heshouldapologizetoherrightawayC.shewouldtreathimthewayhetreatedherD.oneshouldshowothersrespectandkindness
33.WhichofthefollowingdescribesSusanA.Moodybutfirm.B.ShyanddemandingC.Confidentandfriendly.D.Toughandtroublesome.A.Jackcaresabouthisemployees
34.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat__________.B.JackgetsalongwellwithhisemployeesC.JackisalwaysparticularabouthisworkD.Jackdoesn’tcareaboutthefeelingsofothers
35.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat__________.A.afriendinneedisafriendindeedB.afewwordscanbeasmeaningfulasmanyC.afriendwhosayslittlemustbeagoodfriendD.wemusttreatdisrespectfulpeoplewithdisrespectDD.MyfamilyandIlivedacrossthestreetfromSouthwayParksinceIwasfouryearsold.Thenjustlastyeartheycityputachainlinkfencearoundtheparkandstartedbulldozing用推土机推平thetreesandgrasstomakewayforanewapartmentplex.WhenIsawthefenceandbulldozersIaskedmyself“Whydon’ttheyjustleaveitalone”LookingbackIthinkwhatsentencedtheparttooblivion别遗忘wasthedrought旱灾wehadaboutfouryearsago.UpuntilthenSouthwayParkwasanicegreenparkwithplentyoftreesandapublicswimmingpool.MyfriendsandIrollerskatedonthesidewalksclimbedthetressandswaminthepoolalltheyearsIwasgrowingup.Theparkwasalmostlikemyownyard.ThenthesummerIwasfifteenthedroughtcameandthingschanged.Therehadbeenalmostnorainatallthatyear.Thecitystoppedwateringtheparkgrass.WithinafewweeksIfoundmyselflivingacrossthestreetfromahugebrowndesert.Leavesfellofftheparktressandprettysoonthetreesstarteddyingtoo.Nexttheparkswimmingpoolwasclosed.Thecitycutdownontheworkforcethatkepttheparkandprettysoonitjustgottoouglyanddirtytoenjoyanymore.Asthedroughtlastedintothefalltheparkgotworseeverymonth.Therubbishpileduporblewacrossthebrowngrass.Soontheonlypeopleintheparkwerebeggarsandotherpeopledownontheirluck.Peoplesaiddrugswerebeingsoldortradedtherenow.Theparkhadgottenscaryandmymothertolduskidsnottogothereanymore.Thedroughtfinallyendedandthingsseemedtogetbacktonormalthatiseverythingbutthepark.Ithadgottenintosuchbadshapethatthecityjustletitstaythatway.ThenaboutsixmonthsagoIheardthatthecitywasgoingto“redevelop”certainworn-outareasofthecity.Itturnedoutthatthecityhadplannedtogetridoftheparksellthelandandletsomeonebuildrowsofapartmentbuildingsonit.Thechain-linkfencingandthebulldozersdidtheirwork.Nowweliveacrossthestreetfromsixrowsofapartmentbuildings.Eachofthemisthreeunitshighandstretchesablockineachdirection.Theneighborhoodhaschangedwithoutthepark.ThestreetsIusedtoplayinarejammedwithcarsnow.Thingswillneverbethesameagain.SometimesIwonderthoughwhatchangesanotherdroughtwouldmakeinthewaythingsaretoday.
53.HowdidthewriterfeelwhenhesawthefenceandbulldozersA.Scared.B.Confused.C.Upset.D.Curious.
54.WhywasthewritertoldnottogototheparkbyhismotherA.Itwasbeingrebuilt.B.Itwasdangerous.C.Itbecausecrowded.D.Ithadturnedintoadesert.
55.AccordingtothewriterwhateventuallybroughtaboutthedisappearanceoftheparkA.Thedrought.B.Thecrime.C.Thebeggarsandtherubbish.D.Thedecisionsofthecity.
56.Thelastsentenceofthepassageimpliesthatifanotherdroughtcame______.A.thesituationwouldbemuchworseB.peoplewouldhavetodeserttheirhomesC.thecitywouldbefullypreparedinadvanceD.thecitywouldhavetoredeveloptheneighborhoodA【要点综述】本文主要讲述的是压力对人做出决定的影响以及男女在面对压力时决定方式的不同
64.A 细节理解题根据文章第四段“Inbothcasesthestressedparticipantsrememberedtherewardedmaterialmoreaccuratelyandthepunishedmateriallessaccuratelythanthosewhohadntgonethroughthestress.”可知A为正确答案
65.A 推理判断题根据文章标题和实验内容,可知作者要说明的是“Theresearchsuggeststhatstressmaychangethewaypeoplemakechoicesinpredictableways.”第二段所以选A
66.D 细节理解题根据文章第七段“Menwhohadbeenstressedbythecoldwatertasktendedtotakemorerisksintheexperimentwhilewomenrespondedintheoppositeway.”可知D为正确选项B
31.【答案】D
32.【答案】A
33.【答案】C
34.【答案】BC【文章大意】本文主要为我们讲述了作者和Jack之间由开始的冲突不断,到后来作者患癌后Jack对她的鼓励,才发现Jack是一个真正的朋友31【答案】D【解析】根据文章中“Nexttimeyouwanttochangeanythingaskmefirst”hesaidandleft.Ihadmadejustonesmallchange.可知答案为D32【答案】D【解析】Susan冲到Jack的办公室是觉得Jack对她太没有礼貌,不尊重她33【答案】C【解析】A.易怒但倔强;B.害羞且苛求C.自信,友好D.坚韧,爱惹麻烦根据文意可知答案为C34【答案】A【解析】结合全文可知Jack其实是一个关心同事的人这一点可以从作者生病后Jack的表现看出35【答案】B【解析】根据文章中最后一句amanwithveryfewwordssaidalltherightthings.Afterallthat’swhatfriendsdo.可知答案为BD本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章53答案C考点解析推理判断题根据第一段叙述了解到作者从四岁开始住在SouthwayPark对面从第二段了解到作者小时候和朋友在公园里玩耍而现在公园被围了起来,事实上,作者是很失望、沮丧,自己不能去玩了,而且树都被砍掉了54答案B考点解析推理判断题仔细阅读第四段,可以了解到,公园被废弃了,里面住着流浪汉,甚至有人贩毒,所以母亲叮嘱我们不要去那里,因为危险55答案D考点解析推理判断题从第五段,可以明显的了解到干旱结束了,但是政府仍然对公园不管不问,而是要重新规划这块废弃地,在作者眼中是“thecityhadplannedtogetridofthepark”故选择D56答案A考点解析推理判断题最后一段作者描述了目前自己居住的街道的变化,变得更加拥挤了从而作者有了另一种思考如果再来一次干旱,是否会造成如这次干旱一样的一些变化从而可推测作者是隐射,环境会变的更加糟糕。