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Unit4Amazingscience词汇精讲精练词汇精讲
1.invention
(1)invention作名词,意为“发明;创造;虚构;发明物”例如Necessityisthemotherofinvention.需要是发明之母Thewholethingisaninventionofanewspaper.整件事都是一家报纸虚构的Themachineishisowninvention.这台机器是他自己的发明物
(2)invent是invention的动词形式,意为“发明;创造;虚构”例如Edisoninventedthelightbulb.爱迪生发明了电灯Thewholestorywasinvented.整个故事是虚构的【拓展】invent和discover辨析
(1)invent意为“发明,发明之物”指“从无到有”例如AlexanderGrahamBellinventedthetelephonein
1876.亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔在1876年发明了电话
(2)discover意为“发现”,指“本来就已经存在,但不为人知”的事物例如ColumbusdiscoveredAmericain
1492.哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲
2.thought
(1)thought作名词,意为“思想;想法;见解;看法;主意”例如Theoldmanwaslostinthoughtanddidnothearusein.这个老人凝神沉思,没有听见我们进来Learnnewculturecreatenewthoughtestablishnewideaandreachnewsuccess.学新文化,创新思想,立新观念,铸就新成功!Don’tgiveitanotherthought.不要再想了
(2)think作动词,是动词think的过去式和过去分词形式,意为“想,思考,考虑”例如Itusedtobethoughtthattheearthwasflat.过去人们认为地球是扁平的Ithoughtyouwereateacher.我以前认为你是一名教师Idonotthinkthatneedbethoughtabout.我认为不必考虑那件事
3.imaginationimagination作名词,意为“想象;想象力;幻想”例如Theseplansisapletefailureofimagination.这些计划毫无想象力Asketchcanstimulateone’sownimagination.图形能促进一个人的想象力Youdidn’treallyseeaghostit’sonlyimagination.你并没有真地看见鬼,这仅仅是幻想【拓展】imagine作动词,意为“想象”imagine是及物动词,后面可跟名词,代词,动名词和从句作宾语例如Wecannotimaginelifewithoutanyhardships.我们不能想象没有任何坎坷的生活Icanimaginethesceneclearlyinmymind.我仍然能很清晰地想象此番情景Ionceimaginedhimathintallman. 我曾以为他是个高高的瘦瘦的人Shealwaysimagineitaneasything.她总是设想这事轻而易举Ican’timaginemyselfteachinginfrontofthatmanypeople.我不能想象自己在那么多人面前教书CanyouimagineTom’scookingthedinnerhimself你能想象汤姆居然亲自下厨做饭?Mr.Smithcouldn’timaginewhathadhappenedatall.史密斯不能想到发生了什么事Iimaginethatyouareverytired.我猜想你已经很累了吧
4.mark
(1)mark作名词,意为“记号;痕迹;分数;商标”例如Hemakesamarkonthetree.他在树上做了个记号Warhasleftitsmarkonthecountry.战争给该国留下了不可磨灭的痕迹Heattainedagoodmarkintheexamination.他在考试中得到好分数Lookatthemarkonthegoods.看产品上的商标
(2)mark作动词,意为“打分;留意;标记”例如Theyhavegotapileofexampaperstomark.他们有一大堆试卷要打分Violadidnotfailtomarkthewordsoftheoldsong.薇奥拉果然留意了这支古老歌曲的词儿Markallofthelargecitiesonthemap.在地图上把所有大城市标记出来
5.describedescribe作动词,意为“描述;说成;形容”其名词形式为description例如Thepoliceaskedmetodescribeexactlyhowithappened.警察让我描述一下这事是怎样发生的Hedescribeshimselfasadoctor.他自称是医生Itisverydifficulttodescribemyjoyinwords.我的快乐难以用语言来形容
6.realize
(1)realize作为及物动词,意为“认识到,了解”例如Hedidn’trealizehismistakeuntilhismothertoldhim.直到妈妈告诉他,他才认识到自己的错误Ididn’trealizehowlateitwas.我没有意识到天已经那么晚了Whenherealizedwhathadhappenedhewassorry.当他明白发生了什么事时,他感到很难过
(2)realize还可以表示“实现;完成”的意思例如Thegirlfinallyrealizedherdreamofbeinganactress.那个女孩当演员的梦想终于实现了【拓展】realize与recognize这两个词都有“认识,识别”的意思,但在具体用法上又有所差别
(1)recognize也可以用作及物动词,表示“认出辨认”的意思例如Irecognizedhisvoice.我辨认出了他的声音Irecognizedherasmyfriend’sdaughter.我认出了她是我朋友的女儿
(2)recognize还可以表示“清楚知道;认定”的意思例如IrecognizedhimtobeclevererthanIam.我认识到他比我聪明
7.weighweigh表示“称……的重量”,是及物动词;表示“重多少”,是不及物动词例如Heweighedthefish.他称了这条鱼Doyouoftenweighyourself你经常称体重吗Heweighs60kilos.他体重60公斤Themeatweighsfivepounds.这肉重五磅【拓展】weight是名词,意为“重量,体重”例如What’syourweight你体重是多少?比较byweight和inweightbyweight表示“按重量”,inweight表示“重量上”例如Dotheychargecarriagebyweight他们是按重量收取运费吗It’ssmallerinsizebutgreaterinweight.它体积比较小,但分量比较重
8.proveprove作动词,意为“证明;证实;证明是;结果是;原来是”prove既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词用作及物动词时,可接名词、代词、从句作宾语prove还可接“tobe+n./adj./prep.-phrase”充当补足语的复合宾语,tobe一般可以省略例如Hehasprovedhiscourageinthebattle.他已在这场战斗中证明了自己的勇气Andshehasthenumberstoproveit.而且,她有数据来证明它Shemayprovetobethemostsuitablepersonforthejob.她结果可能是最适合干这工作的人Theyprovedthemselveswiseandbrave.他们证实自己机智、勇敢Galileoprovedthattheearthandallotherplanetsmovearoundthesun.伽利略证实地球和所有其它的行星都是绕太阳运转的Thehandbookprovedmostuseful.这本手册证明很有用
9.doubtdoubt既可作动词,也可作名词,意为“怀疑”
(1)doubt用作动词1)doubt+名词或代词例如Idoubthisword.我怀疑他的话Theydoubtedhimbefore.他们以前曾经怀疑过他2)doubt+宾语从句在否定句和疑问句中,doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句例如Idon’tdoubtthathecanfinishthetaskontime.我相信他能按时完成任务Doyoudoubtthatshewillsucceed你怀疑她会成功吗?在肯定句中,doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句例如Idoubtwhethertheycanswimacrosstheriver.我怀疑他们能否游过河去Hedoubtsifshewillkeepherword.他不敢肯定她是否会遵守诺言
(2)doubt用作名词1)常与about/of/asto/on等介词连用例如Thereisnodoubtaboutit.此事无可怀疑Ihavenodoubtofhisability.对于他的能力我毫不怀疑Shehasherdoubtsastothisbeingtrue.她怀疑这事是否真实Noonehasanydoubtonthispoint.这一点没有人会怀疑2)doubt用在否定句中,后面接that引导的同位语从句例如Ihavenodoubtthathewillsucceed.我相信他会成功的
10.inside
(1)inside作介词,意为“在……内;在……里;在……内部”例如Heparkedhiscarinsidethegate.他把车停在大门里面
(2)inside作形容词,意为“内部的;里面的”例如Alltheinsideroomswereskylighted.所有里面的房间都装了天窗Maybeitisinyourinsidepocket.它可能在你衣服里面的口袋里
(3)inside作副词,意为“在里面;在内;在室内”例如Wehavetoplayinsidebecauseitisraining.因为天下雨,我们不得不在屋里玩
11.connectconnect作动词,意为“连接,把……连接起来”常用于“connect+名词/代词+with/to…”表示“把……连起来”例如Ican’tconnecttheputertowiththeprinter.我不会把打印机和电脑连在一起
12.besidesbesides作介词,意为“除……之外(还有……)”例如Besideshiswifehisdaughteralsowenttoseehim.除他妻子外,他女儿也去看过他即妻子女儿都去看过他【拓展】besides;except;exceptfor和but的辨析这四个短语都有“除……之外”的意思,但具体用法不同besides“除……之外(还有……)”指在整体中加入一部分,表示一种累加关系,有“加上”之意except“除……之外(没有……)”着重强调在同类人或物中除去一个或几个人或物表示一种排除关系有“减除”之意but和except的用法基本相同但着重强调整句的内容,且习惯上用于every;all;any;nothing;who等词后exceptfor“除……之外”,表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定,起部分修正作用例如Weareallhereexcept/butTom.除了Tom外,我们都到齐了(不包括Tom)Shecoulddonothingbutcry.除了哭,她没有别的办法Besidesmilkweneedvegetables.除了牛奶,我们还需要蔬菜Heisagoodmanexceptforhottemper.他是个好人,除了脾气暴躁
13.certaincertain作形容词,意为“确定的;无疑的”,相当于sure,对应的副词为certainlycertain常用于以下结构中becertain/sureofsth.对某事有把握becertain/suretodosth.肯定做某事becertain/sure+that从句确信……例如Theyarecertain/sureofsuccess.他们有把握成功I’mcertain/surethathewille.我确信他会成功的【拓展】certain和sure的辨析两词都含有“确信,肯定”之意,其区别如下
(1)certain为形容词,不仅表示相信,而且表示有根据,主语既可以是人也可以是物例如Heiscertaintoe.他一定会来It’scertainthathewonthegamenow.现在可以肯定他赢得了这场比赛
(2)sure既可以是形容词也可作副词,常表示人的主观愿望或信念,主语通常是人例如Kidsnowadaysseemverysureofthemselves.现在的小孩显得非常自信—Canyougivemearidetoworktomorrow明天我可以顺路搭你的车去上班吗?—Sure.当然可以词汇精练I.根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子
1.BeforethemeetingbeganImadethenecessaryi_____.
2.Thestudentsaredoinge_____inthephysicslab.
3.Thereisasupermarketb_____thesemountains.
4.Histeachersarefullofp_____fortheprogresshe’smaking.
5.Ascream尖叫声brokethes_____ofthenight.
6.Thereissomethingwrongwithmy_______录音机.
7.Therulerismadeof________钢铁.
8.Thediscoveryofpenicillinwasa_______里程碑inthehistoryofmedicine.
9.Inrecentyearsthescientistshave_______克隆someanimals.
10.Asour_______仆人robotscanhelpustosolvelotsofproblems.II.用括号中所给单词适当形式填空(每空不限一词)
1.Edisonisoneofthegreatest_____inventintheworld.
2.ThegravityonthesurfaceofMarsisaboutone_____threeasstrongasitisontheearth.
3.Makesureyou_____recorderthenumbersofticketsyousell.
4.Thisrailwayline_____connectLondontoEdinburgh.
5.Scientiststhinkthatthere_____belifeontheearthformillionsofyears.
6.Hedidalotof_______scienceresearchbeforecloningthesheep.
7.Theyhadphysical_______examaftertheylandedontheearth.
8.Jane_______wantonthephonejustnow.Mr.Zhangtoldhertogotoschoolatonce.
9.Mr.GreenandMr.Blackareourteam’s_______lead.
10.Somethingmust_______dotobuildupaGreenGreatWallsuccessfully.III.根据短文内容及首字母提示在空白处填上适当的单词,使短文意思完整Airplanesarethenewestkindoftransportation.Fromearlytimespeopletriedtof1throughtheskylikebirds.About100yearsa2someonetookthefirstrideonanairplane.Thisridelastedforlessthanonem
3.Thesefirstplaneswereverys4too.Onlyoneo5twopeoplecouldflyinthematonetime.Todaythesep6areverybigandfast.H7ofpeoplecantravelinthematonetime.W8thempeoplecangetf9onesideoftheUnitedStatestotheotherinlessthanoneday.Travelingisveryd10fromthewayitwas100yearsago.【参考答案】I.根据汉语或首字母提示完成下列句子
1.introduction
2.experiments
3.beyond
4.praise
5.silence
6.recorder
7.steel
8.milestone/landmark
9.cloned
10.servantsII.用括号中所给单词适当形式填空(每空不限一词)
1.inventors
2.third
3.record
4.connects
5.hasbeen
6.scientific
7.examinations
8.waswanted
9.leaders
10.bedoneIII.从方框中选择恰当短语并用其适当形式填空
1.fly
2.ago
3.minute
4.small
5.or
6.planes
7.Hundreds
8.With
9.from
10.different。