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Unit10You’resupposedtoshakehands.词句精讲精练【词汇精讲】
1.bow1bow作名词,意为“弓,弓形物”例如Heraisedhisbowslowlyandletthearrowfly.他慢慢地举起弓,让箭飞出去Theboymadeadeepbowtotheteacherandranaway.那个孩子向老师深深地鞠了一个躬然后跑掉了2bow作动词,意为“鞠躬,低下头”例如Hebowedhisheadinshame.他惭愧地低下头来Shebowedherthanks.她鞠躬致谢Agehadbowedhisoncestraightback.他年事已高过去挺直的腰板弯了
2.relaxrelax是动词,可以作不及物动词或及物动词,作及物动词时,宾语是人,表示“使某人放松;使某人休息;使某人轻松”例如NowIwanttorestandrelax.(作不及物动词)现在我得休息一下,放松放松Ineedacupofteatorelaxmyself.(作及物动词)我需要喝杯茶使自己轻松一下【拓展】relaxed;relaxing1relaxed是形容词,意为“某人感到轻松、放松、不受拘束的”指某人“感到”轻松通常用来形容人有类似用法的词有interested\excited\surprised\bored\tired例如Heisfeelingrelaxed.=Heisrelaxed.他感到很轻松Thesongcanmakemerelaxed.这首歌让我感到轻松2relaxing是形容词,意为“某事情令人轻松的”,指某事或者某物“令人”轻松通常用来修饰物或事有类似用法的词有interesting\exciting\surprising\boring\tiring例如Thesongisrelaxing.这首歌真使人轻松Youcanlistentorelaxingmusicinthebath!你可以边洗澡边听(令人)轻松的音乐
3.effort1effort作名词,基本含意为“力气;努力”,作此解时只用作单数形式;effort还可以引申表示“努力;奋斗”,作此解时是可数名词;effort还可表示“作品;成就”,为可数名词例如Itdoesn’tneedmucheffort.那不需要太多的努力Agreatdealofefforthasgoneintothisexhibition.为了这次展览投入了很大力量Hiseffortswerewasted.他的努力都白费了Finishingtheworkinonedaywasaverygoodeffort.在一天内完成这项工作是努力的结果
(2)effort常用于以下短语makeefforts/makeaneffort/makeeveryeffort中,意为“做出努力”,后面常接动词不定式,表示“努力做某事”例如Theworkersaremakingeffortstofulfillthisyear’splan.工人们正在努力完成今年的生产计划Theprisonermadeanefforttoescapebuthecouldn’tclimbtheprisonwall.囚犯企图越狱,但是爬不上监狱的墙Iwillmakeeveryefforttoarriveontime.我将尽一切努力准时到达
4.knock
(1)knock作动词,意为“敲,击打”其后通常跟介词on或at,然后接宾语例如Someoneisknockingat/onthedoor.有人敲门Sheknockedat/onthewindow.她敲了敲窗户
(2)knock作名词,意为“敲击声,敲击”例如Iheardaknockatthedoor.我听到了敲门声
5.takeoff
(1)takeoff可作“脱下”讲,反义词组为puton,意为“穿上”例如Putonyourclothes.Don’ttakethemoff.把衣服穿上,别脱下
(2)takeoff可作“起飞”讲,反义词为land,意为“着陆”例如Whenwilltheplanetakeoff飞机什么时候起飞?【拓展】常见的含有take的词组taketurns轮流takeaway拿走takeout拿出,取出takeover接手,接管takenotes做笔记takecare当心,注意takecareof照顾takephotos照相takeiteasy别紧张
6.manner
(1)作名词,表示“做事的方法事情发生的方式”例如Whyareyoutalkinginsuchastrangemanner你为什么用这种奇怪的方式谈话?
(2)作名词,表示“态度举止”例如Hismannerwasslightlyrudebutyoumustn’tmind.他的态度有点粗鲁,但是你千万别介意
(3)作名词,表示“礼貌礼节”,常用复数形式例如It’sbadmannerstotalkwithafullmouth.嘴里吃着东西说话是不礼貌的Youshouldhavegoodmannersallthetime.任何时候都应该有礼貌
(4)作名词,表示“风俗习俗”,常用复数形式例如Itisinterestingtolearnthemannersandcustomsofothercountries.了解其他国家的风俗习惯是很有趣的
7.exchange
(1)作动词,意为“交换”,引申可表示“交流”经验、思想等例如ThetwogirlsalwaysexchangedChristmasgifts.两个女孩经常交换圣诞礼物Thetwoarmiesexchangedprisoners.作战双方交换战俘Weshallhaveopportunitytoexchangeviewstomorrow.我们明天有机会交换看法Theyexchangedexperiencesatthemeeting.他们在会上交流经验
(2)exchange作及物动词时,其宾语后常接介词for,表示“以……换取”;接介词with表示“与某人交换某物/与某人交流(想法等)”例如I’dliketoexchangeawatchforacamera.我想用表换相机Wouldyouliketoexchangeplaceswithme你愿意跟我换一下地方吗Helikestoexchangeideaswithothers.他喜欢与别人交流思想【拓展】
(1)exchange作名词,意为“交换”例如Therehavebeennumerousexchangesofviewsbetweenthetwogovernments.两国政府间曾多次交换意见
(2)exchange作名词,意为“兑换,兑换率”例如I’dliketoknowtheexchangerateforGermanmarks.我想知道德国马克的兑换率
(3)exchange作名词,意为“交易所”例如SheworksattheStockExchange.她在证券交易所工作
8.behave
(1)作动词,意为“表现,行为举止”例如 Theyoungladybehavedcourageouslyinthefaceofdanger. 那位年轻女士面对危险表现得十分勇敢 Shebehavestowardsmemorelikeafriendthanamother.她像朋友一样(待我)而不像是我的母亲.It’shardtotrainchildrentobehavewellatthetable.培养儿童用餐时举止得体是很困难的
(2)作动词,意为“(机器等)开动,运转”例如Howisthenewmachinebehaving 新机器运行地怎么样【拓展】
(1)behavior作名词,意为“行为,举止;态度”例如Hewasonhisbestbehavior.他表现极好
(2)behavior作名词,意为“(机器等的)运转状态,性能”例如Theaircraft’sbehaviorwassatisfactoryonitsfirsttestflight.那架飞机在第一次试飞时运转情况令人满意
9.exceptexcept作介词,意为“除……之外”,其后跟名词、代词、介词短语、that从句或what从句例如IgotoschooleverydayexceptSaturdayandSunday.除了周六和周日,我每天都上学【拓展】except;exceptfor和but的辨析这三个短语都有“除……之外”的意思,但具体用法不同except表示“除……之外(没有……)”,着重强调在同类人或物中除去一个或几个人或物表示一种排除关系有“减除”之意but和except的用法基本相同但着重强调整句的内容,且习惯上用于every;all;any;nothing;who等词后exceptfor表示“除……之外”,常对某种基本情况进行具体的、细节方面的修正,其后所接的词同句子的主语不是同类的,指从整体中除去一个细节,一个方面例如Weareallhereexcept/butTom.除了Tom外,我们都到齐了(不包括Tom)Shecoulddonothingbutcry.除了哭,她没有别的办法Heisagoodmanexceptforhottemper.他是个好人,除了脾气暴躁
10.suggestion
(1)suggestion作可数名词,表示“建议;提议”例如Hehasgivenmeahelpfulsuggestion.他给我提了一项有益的建议
(2)suggestion作不可数名词,表示“联想;暗示”例如Thepowerofsuggestionisverystrong.暗示的力量是无比强大的【拓展】suggestion的动词形式是suggest,意为“建议”,有以下用法
(1)可接名词做宾语例如Wesuggestedavisittothemuseumthenextday.我们建议明天去参观博物馆
(2)可接动名词做宾语例如Isuggestedputtingoffthesportsmeet.我建议将运动会延期Theysuggestedwaitinguntilthepropertime.他们建议我们等到恰当的时机才行动
(3)可接that宾语从句,that从句用should+动词原形,should可以省略例如ShesuggestedthattheclassmeetingshouldnotbeheldonSaturday.她建议班会不要在星期六举行Wesuggestedthatheshouldgoandmakeanapologytohisteacher.我们建议他去向老师道歉【词汇精练】I.根据汉语及首字母提示补全单词1.Thebottleis_______空的andthere’snothinginit.2.Shewantstobean_______交换student.3.Theoldmanloveshis_______孙女verymuchandheoftenbuyspresentsforher.4.Iambusy_______除……之外Friday.Wecangotothemoviesonthatday.5.It’snot_______礼貌的tosaythatyouarefull.6.Beijingisthec______ofChina.7.Weusuallyhavelunchatn_______.8.Lisawillmakehere_______tostudyEnglishwellbecauseshewantstobeaninternationalguide.9.Theteacherisusingapieceofwhitec_______towrite.10.Inthefrontoftheclassroom,youcanseeab_______onthewall.11.Therearefours_______inayear.Theyarespring,summer,autumnandwinter.12.—Whoisk_______atthedoor—Maybeit’sthepostman.II.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.“Goodmorning”isa_______greet.2.Myhometownisinthe_______northpartofthecountry.3.Heputsomething_______valueintothedrawerandlockedit.4.Thebookisveryinterestinganditisworth_______read.5.Shegavemesomanygood_______suggestandIsaidthankstoher.6.Therearen’tany_______differentbetweenthetwopictures.7.Igotusedto______liveinthecountryside.8.Davidwaspunishedforhisbad_______behave.III.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空,使短文通顺、正确、连贯(每个单词限用一次)eat,much,left,polite,start,put,drink,somebody,rule,quietIfyou’regoingtoaformalwesterndinnerpartyforthefirsttime,you’dbetterknowaboutwesterntablemanners.It’s1tofollowthem.Whenyousitdownatthetable,takeyournapkinand2itonyourlap.Thedinneralways3withasmalldish.Whenyoustarteating,youshouldkeeptheforkinyour4hand.It’spolitetofinish5everythingonyourplate,sodon’ttake6foodthanyouneed.Maybeyoudon’tknowwhetherit’spoliteornottospeakloudlyatthetable.Theansweristhatyoushouldspeak7andsmilealot.Whenyoudrinkto8,you’dbetterraiseyourglassandtakeonlyasip.Remembernot9toomuch.Ifyoucan’trememberthese10,justdoasotherpeopledo.1.________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________【参考答案】I.根据汉语及首字母提示补全单词1.empty2.exchange3.granddaughter4.except5.polite6.capital7.noon8.effort9.chalk10.blackboard11.seasons12.knockingII.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.greeting2.northern3.valuable4.reading5.suggestions6.differences7.living8.behaviorIII.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空,使短文通顺、正确、连贯(每个单词限用一次)1.polite2.put3.starts4.left5.eating6.more.7.quietly8.somebody9.todrink10.rules【句式精讲】
1.Youaresupposedtoshakehands.
(1)动词suppose意为“猜想、假设”,suppose后接that从句,that可以省略例如Isupposeheisnotyettwenty.我猜想他不到二十岁
(2)besupposedto后面用动词原形,表示“被期望做某事、应该做某事”,相当于情态动词should 例如Youaresupposedtosayhellototheforeigners.你应该跟这些外宾打招呼【拓展】
(1)当句子的主语是人的时候,besupposedto表示“应该做某事、被期望做某事”,经常用来表示劝告、建议、义务和责任等这里besupposedto相当于情态动词should例如 Youaresupposedtoaskourteacherifyouwanttoleavetheclassroom. 如果你要离开教室,应该先问一问我们的老师
(2)当句子的主语是物的时候,besupposedto表示“本应该”的意思,经常用来表示某事物本应该发生而没有发生 ThemeetingwassupposedtotakeplaceonTuesdaybutwehavetoputitoff. 这个会议本应该在星期二举行,但我们不得不把他推迟了
(3)短语besupposedtodosth.的否定形式是benotsupposedtodosth,表示“命令和禁止”,意为“不应该做某事”Youarenotsupposedtotalkloudlyinclass.你不应该在课堂上大声交谈
(4)besupposedto的后面接have+过去分词,表示“本应该做完的事情而没有做完”Mymotherissupposedtohavearrivedanhourago.我的妈妈应该一个小时前就到了
2.Ifyou’reeven15minuteslateyourfriendmaygetmad.这是含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句,if译为“如果”条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来,要注意if条件句的时态搭配
(1)if从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时例如Thecatwillscratchyouifyoupullhertail.如果你拉猫的尾巴,它就会抓你Iftheraindoesn’tstopwewillstayhere.如果这场雨不停的话,我们就呆在这儿
(2)if从句用一般现在时,主句用情态动词例如If you want to lose weight you should eat less bread.如果想减肥,你应该少吃面包.
(3)if从句用一般现在时,主句用祈使句例如Ifyouwanttogetthereontimehurryup!如果你想准时到达那里,要快一点
3.Wevaluethetimewespendwithourfamily…
(1)value作动词,表示“看重,重视”例如Iftheyvaluethesedataletthempayforthem.他们要是看重这些数据,就让他们出钱买Ifyouvalueyourhealththenyou’llstartbeingalittlekindertoyourself.如果你重视自己的健康,你就要开始对自己好一点
(2)value作及物动词,表示“评价,估价”后接名词或代词作宾语,当宾语后接具体价格时,常用介词at例如Ivaluedthebikeat200yuan.我估计这辆自行车值200元Theusedcarhasrecentlybeenvaluedat3750pounds.这辆二手车作价为3750英镑【拓展】
(1)value用作名词,基本意思是“价值,价格”,引申还可表示“用处,益处,重要性”例如Becauseofcontinualpriceincreasesthevalueofthepoundhasfalleninrecentyears.近年来由于物价不断上涨,英镑贬值了Thevalueofthisworkexperienceshouldnotbeunderestimated.这种工作经验的重要性不应该被低估
(2)value常用于ofvaluetosb.结构,表示“对某人有……价值”例如Goodbooksareofgreatvaluetostudents.好书对学生非常有用
4.Asyoucanimaginethingsareverydifferentfromthewaytheyareathome.imagine是动词,意为“想象,推测”,后面可接名词、代词、宾语从句、复合宾语,常用于结构imaginedoingsth.想象做某事例如Wecan’timaginewhatChinawillbelikeinthefuture.我们无法想象将来中国是什么样子Ican’timagineleavingallmyfriends.我无法想象离开我所有的朋友Noonecanimaginewhatwouldhappennext.没有人能想象出下一步会发生什么
5.…butI’mgraduallygettingusedtoit.动词短语getusedto表示“渐渐习惯……”,后接名词、代词作宾语与同义短语“beusedto”略有不同getusedto强调的是由“不习惯”到“习惯”的这个过程,而“beusedto”所强调的只是“习惯了”这个状态例如Thefoodhereisnotsotastybutyouwillgetusedtothat.这里的伙食不怎么样,但你会慢慢习惯的Thefoodhereisnotsotastybutheisusedtothat.这里的伙食不怎么样,但是他已经习惯了Heisusedtogettingupearly.他习惯了早起
6.Ifinditdifficulttoremembereverythingbut…当不定式用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时,通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it,而将真正的宾语移至句末,其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式短语”例如Ifinditdifficulttodothejobwell.我发现做好这个工作不容易Ifinditeasytogetonwithher.我发现她很容易相处【拓展】当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时,为避免头重脚轻,通常在句首使用形式主语it,而把真正的主语放在句子末尾例如It’sapitytorefuse.拒绝是令人遗憾的It’snousesayinganymoreaboutit.再谈这事没有用It’snotknownwhereshewent.她到哪里去了没人知道【注意】Itissaid/reported/believed/understoodthat…这类结构中的it也是形式主语It’sreportedthattwopeoplewereinjuredintheaccident.据报道这次事故中有两人受伤【句式精练】I.按要求完成句子,每空一词1.You’resupposedtokisswhenyoumeetsomeoneforthefirsttimeinAmerica.对划线部分提问What______yousupposed_____________whenyoumeetsomeoneforthefirsttimeinAmerica2.Thenewcarcostme200,000yuan.改为同义句I______200,000yuan______thenewcar.3.Youshouldtellhimthegoodnewswhenyoumeethim.改为同义句You__________________tellhimthegoodnewswhenyoumeethim.4.Isupposeshehasfinishedthework.改为反意疑问句Isupposeshehasfinishedthework,____________5.IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.改为同义句I______that____________difficulttolearnEnglishwell.6.Wecan’tdecidewherewearesupposedtogo.改为同义句Wecan’tdecide____________go.7.Themanwhoisrepairingmybikeismyfather.改为同义句Theman_______mybikeismyfather.8.Hehasneverseenthemoviebefore.改为反意疑问句Hehasneverseenthemoviebefore,________II.根据汉语意思和所给的提示词翻译句子1.除了最后一个问题,所有的问题都很容易are,except____________________________________________2.你已经习惯早起吗get___________________________________________3.他指着地图,告诉我们他的故乡在哪里pointed,told__________________________________________4.这家宾馆使我有宾至如归的感觉made__________________________________________5.我一到巴黎就会给你写信assoonas,arrive_________________________________________Ⅲ.根据汉语意思翻译句子,每空一词1.我的想法和你的不同Myideas__________________yours.2.戴维已经习惯他的日常生活了Davidhasalready__________________hiseverydaylife.3.不要拿筷子指着别人Don’t____________otherswithyourchopsticks.4.昨天晚上她特地为我准备了晚饭Lastnightshe_______________________________topreparedinnerforme.5.我发现记住所有的单词真是太难了Ifound__________________memorizeallthewords.6.当你第一次见到一个人的时候,你应该做什么What______you____________dowhenyoumeetsomeoneforthefirsttime7.如果给我们更多的时间,我们会做得更好Moretimegiven,we__________________itmuchbetter.IV.根据对话内容,从方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项其中两个选项为多余选项A CouldyoutellmehowyoucanspeakEnglishsowellBWell,Ithinklisteningmoreisveryimportant.1A SomepeoplesaywatchingEnglishmoviesisgoodforEnglishlearners.B2Ihavewatchedabout30Englishmoviessincexx,andthatreallyhelpsalot.A3B Um,Ithinkvocabularyisthemostimportant.Youcanexpressyourselffreelywhenyouhavealargervocabulary.A4B Reading.IhavereadmanyEnglishbooks.ThatreallyhelpswithmyEnglishvocabulary.A5B Neverbeafraidofmakingmistakes.Themoreyouspeakthelanguage,themorefreelyyoucanexpressyourself.Enjoylosingface,thenyoucanlearnEnglishwell.A.Certainly.B.WhatsthemostimportantpartofspeakingEnglishC.Ialwayswritedownthenewwordsonthenotebook.D.IlistentosomeEnglishnewssongsandothermaterialswhileIamonthewayhome.E.WhatelsedoyouthinkcanhelpimprovespokenEnglishF.CrazyEnglishmightbehelpful.G.ButhowcanIenlargemyvocabulary【参考答案】I.按要求完成句子,每空一词1.are;todo2.paid;for3.aresupposedto4.hasn’tshe5.find;itis6.whereto7.repairing8.hasheII.根据汉语意思和所给的提示词翻译句子1.Allthequestionsareeasyexceptthelastone.2.Haveyoualreadygotusedtogettingupearly3.Hepointedatthemapandtolduswherehishometownwas.4.Thehotelmademefeelathome.5.IwillwritetoyouassoonasIarriveinParis.Ⅲ.根据汉语意思翻译句子,每空一词1.aredifferentfrom2.been/gotusedto3.pointat4.wentoutofherway5.itdifficultto6.are;supposedto7.wouldhavedoneIV.根据对话内容,从方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项其中两个选项为多余选项1-5DABGE。