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2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists导学案新人教版必修5IJOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGGHOLERA”JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpertindeedthatheattendedQueenVictoria
1.____herpersonalphysician.Buthebecame
2.______inspirewhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople
3._________exposetocholera.Thiswasthedeadlydiseaseofitsday.Neitheritscause
4.______itscurewasunderstood.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.JohnSnowwantedtofacethechallengeandsolvethisproblem.Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolled
5._______itscausewasfound.Hebecameinterestedintwotheories
6._____possiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheair.Acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoonthe
7._________affectpersondied.JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854hewasreadytobeginhisenquiry.Asthediseasespreadquicklythroughpoorneighbourhoodshebegantogatherinformation.Intwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.Firsthemarkedonamaptheexactplaces
8.________allthedeadpeoplehadlived.Thisgavehima
9._________valueclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.ManyofthedeathswerenearthewaterpumpinBroadStreetespeciallynumbers163738and
40.Healsonoticedthatsomehousessuchas20and21BroadStreetand8and8CambridgeStreethadhadnodeaths.Hehadnot
10.________foreseethissohemadefurtherinvestigations.Hediscoveredthatthesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeerandsohadnot
11._________drinkthewaterfromthepump.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.NextJohnSnowlookedintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.Hefoundthatitcamefromtheriver
12.__________pollutebythedirtywaterfromLondon.HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandlefromthepumpsothatitcouldnotbeused.Soonafterwardsthediseasesloweddown.Hehadshownthatcholerawasspreadbygermsandnotinacloudofgas.InanotherpartofLondonhefound
13._______supportevidencefromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.Awoman
14._______hadmovedawayfromBroadStreetlikedthewaterfromthepump
15._____muchthatshehadit
16.________delivertoherhouseeveryday.Bothsheandherdaughterdiedofcholeraafterdrinkingthewater.
17._______thisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.Topreventthis
18._______happeningagainJohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersupplies
19.______beexamined.Thewaterpanieswereinstructednottoexposepeopletopollutedwateranymore.Finally“KingCholera”wasdefeated.UsingLanguageCOPERNICUS’REVOLUTIONARYTHEORYNicolausCopernicuswasfrightenedandhismindwasconfused.Althoughhehadtriedtoignorethemallhismathematicalcalculationsledtothesameconclusion:thattheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolarsystem.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.Yethecouldnottellanyoneabouthistheory
20._____thepowerfulChristianChurchwouldhavepunishedhimforevensuggestingsuchanidea.TheybelievedGodhadmadetheworldandforthatreasontheearthwasspecialandmustbethecentreofthesolarsystem.Theproblem
21.________arisebecauseastronomershadnoticedthatsomeplanetsintheskyseemedtostopmovebackwardandthengoforwardinaloop.Othersappearedbrighterattimesandlessbrightatothers.Thiswasverystrangeiftheearthwasthecentreofthesolarsystemandallplanetswentroundit.Copernicushadthoughtlongandhardabouttheseproblemsandtriedtofindananswer.Hehadcollectedobservationsofthestarsandusedallhismathematicalknowledgetoexplainthem.Butonlyhisnewtheorycoulddothat.Sobetween1510and1514heworkedonitgraduallyimprovinghistheoryuntilhefeltitwasplete.In1514heshoweditprivatelytohisfriends.Thechangeshemadetotheoldtheorywererevolutionary.Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.Healsosuggestedthattheearthwas
22.__________spinasitwentroundthesunandthisexplainedchangesinthemovementoftheplanetsandinthe
23.__________brightofthestars.HisfriendswereenthusiasticandencouragedhimtopublishhisideasbutCopernicuswascautious.HedidnotwanttobeattackedbytheChristianChurchsoheonlypublisheditashelaydyingin
1543.Certainlyhewasrighttobecareful.TheChristianChurchrejectedhistheorysayingitwasagainstGod’sideaandpeople
24.______supporteditwouldbeattacked.YetCopernicus’theoryisnowthebasis
25._______allourideasoftheuniversearebuilt.HistheoryreplacedtheChristianideaofgravitywhichsaidthingsfelltoearthbecauseGodcreatedtheearthasthecentreoftheuniverse.Copernicusshowedthiswasobviouslywrong.NowpeoplecanseethatthereisadirectlinkbetweenhistheoryandtheworkofIsaacNewtonAlbertEinsteinandStephenHawking.自学加油站
1.putforward:提出AninterestingsuggestionformeasuringtheatmospherearoundMarshasbeenputforward.☆puton穿上;戴上;增加putout熄灭灯;扑灭火putupwith…忍受putdown写下来;放下;putoff耽误;延期putup举起,搭建,张贴,留宿
2.conclude:得出结论推论出;结束,终止;Fromhisappearancewemaysafelyconcludethatheisaheavysmoker.conclusionn.结论inconclusion=toconclude最后,总之得出结论的几种表达:arriveataconclusion;etoaconclusion;drawaconclusion;reachaconclusion
3.expose:vt.显露;暴露;揭露exposesth.tothelightofday把某事暴露于光天化日之下Heexposedhisskintothesun.他把皮肤暴露在阳光下.Theoldmanwasleftexposedtowindandrain.【演练】________tonuclearradiationevenforashorttimemayproducevariants变异体ofgenesinhumanbodies.A.BeingexposedB.HavingexposedC.ExposedD.Afterbeingexposed
4.cure:vt.n.治疗痊愈
①curesbofadiseaseAlthoughtheboywasbeyondcurehisparentstriedtocurehimofbadhabits.
②acureforadiseaseAspirinissaidtobeawonderfulcureforthepain.
③acureforsth.:toremoveaproblemorimproveabadsituation解决问题,改善困境Thepricesaregoingupeverydaybutthereisnocureforrisingprices.[辨析]cure与treat1cure主要指痊愈,强调的是结果2treat强调治疗过程,指通过药物、特别的食品或运动治疗病人或疾病,不强调结果
5.suspect:
①vt.怀疑,猜疑n.嫌疑犯,有嫌疑的人Shesuspectedhimoftakinghermoney.她怀疑是他拿了她的钱.
②以为,猜想Wesuspectedthathehadfinisheddoinghishomework.
6.blamev.责备;谴责;把……归咎于n.过失;责备1blamesb./sth.forsth.:因…而指责Theyblamedthesecretaryforthedelayoftheplan.
②blamesth.onsb./sth.把……归咎于:ThepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonJack’scarelessdriving.It’snouseblamingourdefeatonhim.
③betoblame应受责备(主动表被动);承担责任Whichdriverwastoblamefortheaccident
④taketheblame承担责任Heisreadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened.
7.instruct:老工人对我们进行言传身教的指导:Theoldworkersinstructusnotonlyinwordsbutdeeds.☆instruction:n.说明书Alwaysreadtheinstructionsonthebottlecarefullyandtaketherightamountofmedicine.
8.construct---construction:n.建造,建设,构筑underconstruction/repair/discussion在建设/维修/讨论中
9.contribute:vt.vi捐献,贡献,捐助contributeto有助于,造成=leadto;resultinPlasticbagsareprovidedforourconveniencebuttheyhavealsocontributetothepollutionoftheenvironment.contributesth.to把…捐赠给…给…投稿,为…贡献makeacontributionto为…做贡献
10.makesense:讲得通,有意义;makesenseof理解NomatterhowItriedtoreaditthesentencedoesnotmakeanysensetome.CanyoumakesenseofwhatIsaid/whatthewriterissaying
11.cautious:carefultoavoiddangerorrisks.小心的;谨慎的;____caution_________nbecautiousof/about对…谨慎,慎重带有提防、迟疑的心理
12.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.everytime可以作连词,引导时间状语从句EverytimeIreadthenovelIhaveabetterunderstandingofthecharacters.与everytime作连词用时相类似的还有thefirst/lasttime;eachtime;anytime;themoment/minute/second/instant;directly;immediately
13.Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.Notuntil位于句首,主句应部分倒装NotuntilIcamehomelastnightdidMumgotobed【拓展】control短语归纳beyondcontrol无法控制beincontrolofsth控制…beoutofcontrol失去控制losecontrolofsth失去对….的控制gain/take/seizecontrolof取得了对…的控制
14.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.【考点一】1)suggest作“表明,暗示”讲时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气Herpalefacesuggestedthatshewasill.2suggest作”建议”讲时,宾语从句多用虚拟语气“should+v”should可省Allofthemsuggestedtheworkshouldbestartedatonce工作马上开始.3suggest+VingHesuggestedtakingthechildrentothezoo带孩子去动物园.4)suggestionn.建议【C】/advice【U】提建议makeasuggestion/giveadviceThesesuggestionsdidn’tappealtome.【考点二】absorbvt.吸收,吸引,使专心Thiskindofpaperabsorbsink.【拓展】1absorb可表示“接受(看法、知识等)”如Thecleverboyabsorbedalltheknowledgehisteachercouldgivehim.2beabsorbedin被…吸引住,使专注于…聚精会神(做某事)Mysonwasabsorbedinthemovieanddidn’thearmycall.
15.AwomanwhohadmovedawayfromBroadStreetlikedthewatersomuchthatshehaditdeliveredfromthepumptoherhouseeveryday.a.havesthdone1使(让,请)别人做某事,表示的动作是别人做的2遭遇到某事Workersinsomeindustrieshavetheirhearingharmedbythenoiseofthemachine.b.havesb.dosth.“让\叫某人做某事”Thecaptainhadthesoldierstandinthesun.c.havesb./sth.doingsth让某人/某物一直做某事Pleasedon’thavethelightsburningallnight.
16.Heplacedafixedsunatthecenterofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.、句中的withtheplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth在句中作状语,其结构为“with+名词/代词+宾补”,这是with的复合结构能充当宾补的有不定式、分词、形容词、副词、介词短语等它可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随.Wefoundthehotelwiththelittleboyleadingus.Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.Thebuildinglooksmorebeautifulwithallthelightson.Withalotofproblemstodealwiththemanagerworkedlateintothenight.Hesleepswithallthewindowsopen.
17.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.Only+状语/状语从句放在句首时,主句要部分倒装,但是only若修饰主语,虽然放在句首,句子不倒装Onlybyworkinghardcanwesucceed.OnlyifyouworkhardcanyoulearnEnglishwell.。